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TECHNOLOGY IN AC TION™
Programming Arduino
Projects with the
PIC Microcontroller
A Line-by-Line Code Analysis and
Complete Reference Guide for
Embedded Programming in C
—
Hubert Henry Ward
Programming Arduino
Projects with the PIC
Microcontroller
A Line-by-Line Code Analysis
and Complete Reference
Guide for Embedded
Programming in C
iii
Table of Contents
iv
Table of Contents
v
Table of Contents
vi
Table of Contents
vii
Table of Contents
Chapter 9: Communication���������������������������������������������������������������389
Getting the PIC to Communicate with Other Devices���������������������������������������390
The SPI Mode�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������390
The Buffer Full (BF) Flag in the SSPSTAT Register��������������������������������������393
Synchronizing the Sequence�����������������������������������������������������������������������394
SSPSTAT Register����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������396
The SSPCON1 Register��������������������������������������������������������������������������������397
Using the SPI to Read from the TC72����������������������������������������������������������������400
Operating Modes for the TC72���������������������������������������������������������������������400
The Registers of the TC72���������������������������������������������������������������������������401
The Algorithm for Using the TC72����������������������������������������������������������������402
Displaying the Temperature Reading�����������������������������������������������������������403
Binary Numbers�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������411
Analysis of Listing 9-1���������������������������������������������������������������������������������415
Reading the Temperature from the TC72�����������������������������������������������������416
Examples of the 2’s Complement Process��������������������������������������������������418
Using the Sprintf Function��������������������������������������������������������������������������������431
Analysis of Listing 9-2���������������������������������������������������������������������������������435
Comparing the Two Approaches������������������������������������������������������������������438
viii
Table of Contents
ix
Table of Contents
x
Table of Contents
xi
Table of Contents
Appendix D: Keywords��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������688
Appendix E: Numbering Systems Within Microprocessor-Based Systems�������688
Introduction�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������688
Binary Numbers�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������689
Adding and Subtracting Binary Numbers����������������������������������������������������692
The Hexadecimal Number System��������������������������������������������������������������695
Appendix F: Building Circuit Boards������������������������������������������������������������������697
Preparation��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������697
Appendix G: The LCD Header File for Eight-Bit Mode����������������������������������������703
Appendix H: The ASCII Character Set����������������������������������������������������������������710
Appendix I: The LCD Instruction Set������������������������������������������������������������������712
Index�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������715
xii
About the Author
Hubert Henry Ward has nearly 25 years of
experience as a college lecturer delivering the
BTEC, and now Pearson’s, Higher National
Certificate and Higher Diploma in Electrical &
Electronic Engineering. Hubert has a 2.1
Honors Bachelor’s Degree in Electrical &
Electronic Engineering. Hubert has also
worked as a consultant in embedded
programming. His work has established his
expertise in the assembler and C programming
languages, within the MPLABX IDE from
Microchip, as well as designing electronic circuits, and PCBs, using ECAD
software. Hubert was also the UK technical expert in Mechatronics for
three years, training the UK team and taking them to enter in the Skills
Olympics in Seoul 2001, resulting in one of the best outcomes to date for
the UK in Mechatronics.
xiii
About the Technical Reviewer
Massimo Nardone has more than 22 years
of experiences in Security, Web/Mobile
development, Cloud, and IT Architecture. His
true IT passions are Security and Android.
He has been programming and teaching
how to program with Android, Perl, PHP, Java,
VB, Python, C/C++, and MySQL for more than
20 years.
He holds a Master of Science degree in
Computing Science from the University of
Salerno, Italy.
He has worked as a Project Manager, Software Engineer, Research
Engineer, Chief Security Architect, Information Security Manager, PCI/
SCADA Auditor, and Senior Lead IT Security/Cloud/SCADA Architect for
many years.
xv
Introduction
This book looks at using some useful aspects of the PIC microcontroller. It
explains how to write programs in C so that you can use the PIC micro to
control a variety of electronics devices and DC motors. After reading this
book, you will be well on your way to becoming an embedded programmer
using the C program language.
I have two main aims in writing this book. First and foremost, I have
a real passion for writing programs in that I am enthralled by the way
we can use simple ‘1’s and ‘0’s, really ‘5V’ and ‘0V’, to make a circuit do
almost anything we want it to do. The extent of what we can get these
microcontrollers to do is limited only by our imagination and experience. In
my youth, we thought the flip phone used by Captain James T. Kirk in Star
Trek was just a gimmick and we would never get there. Well, our mobile
phones do a lot more than just video calls. All of what we do with our phones
is done with just ‘1’s and ‘0’s. In writing this book, my primary goal is to
hopefully inspire you guys into wanting to understand how we make the ‘1’s
and ‘0’s work for us. That is why I will explain how all the instructions in my
programs actually work and how they achieve the outcomes we want.
The second aim in writing this book is to transfer all those Arduino
Sketches, which use a range of useful peripheral devices, and show you
how to get them to work on a PIC microcontroller. In doing so, I hope
to show you that the world of PIC controllers is not complicated and
really anyone can work with them. It does not matter what experience
you have with PICs, as I will assume you know nothing. This book will
take the complete novice and not only allow them to run those Arduino
Sketches on the PIC, but it will explain in detail every aspect of how the
programs work. After reading this book, you will hopefully not only enjoy
xvii
Introduction
xviii
Introduction
• Interrupts
The Prerequisites
There are none really, but if you understand ‘C’ programming it would be
useful. However, I will explain how each of the programs work as we go
through them.
Also, if you understand the binary and hexadecimal number systems, it
would be an advantage, but there is a section in the appendix that will help
you with that and I will explain the important aspects as we need them.
xix
Introduction
However, to get the full use out of this book, you will need to have
installed the following software:
All these programs are freely available from the Microchip website.
Another useful piece of software would be a suitable ECAD (electronic
computer-aided design) software that supports eight-bit micros. The
ECAD software that I have used in the past is PROTEUS. However, this is
not free and so I will show you how to use a suitable prototype board to run
the programs in a practical situation.
If you want to go down the practical route, you will need to purchase a
programming tool and you may need to buy a prototype board. However,
I do have a chapter where I show you how to make your own prototype
board using vero board.
The programming tools I use are either the ICD3 can; now Microchip
has moved on to the ICD4 can, or the PICkit3 programmer, to download
the programs from MPLABX to the PIC.
The off-the-shelf prototype board that I may use is the PICdem2 plus
demo board.
This book has been written based around using MPLABX V5.25.
However, the principles of how to create projects and write programs are
transferable to earlier and later versions of MPLABX. There may be some
slight differences in the detail; however, these shouldn’t cause you too
much of a problem.
xx
Introduction
As long as the PIC you want to use has the same firmware modules,
then the programs in the book can easily be used on other PIC micros with
some minor modifications. However, you should always refer to the data
sheet for the particular PIC you use, as some of the SFRs (special function
registers) may differ. For example, the PIC18F4525 uses the ADCON0,
ADCON1, and ADCON2 special function registers to control the ADC
module, but the 16F88 uses the ANSEL, ADCON0, and ADCON1 registers. I
will show you how to use the datasheets, as it is important that an engineer
can obtain the relevant information from datasheets.
Throughout the book, I will be including some program listings. I
will then go through an analysis of any new instructions that the listings
introduce. With respect to the first listing, I will assume all the instructions
are new to you the reader.
I hope you will enjoy reading and learning from my book and that it
will ignite that spark in you that motivates you to move into a career as an
embedded programmer. Good luck and happy reading.
xxi
CHAPTER 1
Introducing MPLABX
In this chapter we are going to learn about the MPLABX, an industrial
integrated development environment (IDE) from Microchip. We will learn
what an IDE is and how to create a project with MPLABX. We will also learn
about the configuration bits for programmable interrupt controller (PIC)
micros. Finally, we will learn about header files: why we use them and how
to create one in MPLABX.
All these are in, or should be in, the IDE we choose to use. Microsoft
has Visual Studio, Microchip has MPLABX, and Freescale uses
CodeWarrior. The Arduino has its own IDE. There is also CODEBLOCK,
which is an IDE for writing generic ‘C’ programs that will run on your
PC. As this book is based on the PIC micro, we will concentrate on
MPLABX. MPLABX has an improved text editor to give the text different
color codes when we save the file as an .asm or .c for c program file, such
as light blue for keywords, light gray for comments, and so on.
There are some other organization programs within MPLABX, such as
those that support the ability to write to the configuration registers for the
PIC. There is also the ability to debug your programs within the IDE. All
this makes MPLABX a useful tool for programming PICs.
There is also a program called MCC (Microchip Code Configurator).
This will actually produce a lot of the code you need to use various
aspects of the PIC. However, I firmly believe that you should produce
the code you use yourself so that you fully understand it. I will not cover
the use of MCC. Also, Microchip has not written the MCC for all its PICs,
and the 18F4525 is one it has missed so far. Really, when asked who
the programmer is, you should be able to say that you are and not the
MCC. When you take the time to study how to write your own code, you
will find it is not as hard as you first thought. Also you will get a better self-
reward if you write it all yourself.
The only aspect of the programs that I let Microchip do for me is to
write the code configuration bits that set up the PIC. This is only because
it is so simple to do this and it covers all the #pragma statements that we
used to write ourselves.
2
Chapter 1 Introducing MPLABX
The project window on the left-hand side may not be shown. If you
want it shown, then you should select the word “window” from the top
menu bar. You should then click the mouse on the word “projects”, with the
orange boxes in front of it, and the window should appear. You may have to
move the window about to get it in the position shown.
Now, assuming you are ready to create a project, you should either
click the mouse on the word “file”, in the main menu bar, and select new
project, or click the mouse on the orange box, with the small green cross,
on the second menu bar. This is the second symbol from the left-hand side
of the second menu bar.
When you have selected the create project option, you should now see
the window shown in Figure 1-2.
3
Chapter 1 Introducing MPLABX
4
Chapter 1 Introducing MPLABX
In this window, we can choose which PIC we want to use. For our first
project, we are going to use the PIC16F88 micro. You need to select the
midrange eight-bit MCUs (PIC10, 12, 16/MCP) in the small box alongside
Family, as shown in Figure 1-3. Then, in the device window, you need
to select the PIC16F88. The result is shown in Figure 1-3. To make these
options visible, you need to click the small downward-pointing arrows in
the respective boxes. The different options should then become visible. If
the device window is highlighted in blue, you could simply type in the PIC
number you want (i.e., PIC16F88). Your selected device should appear in
the window shown in Figure 1-3.
If you are using a different PIC then you should select it here.
Once you are happy with your selection, you need to click the next box
in the window.
The next window to appear is the select tool window. This is shown
in Figure 1-4. With this window, you can select the programming tool
you want to use to download the program to your prototype board.
There are a range of tools you can use. I mainly use the ICD3 CAN or
the PICkit3 tool. We will select the PICkit3 as shown in Figure 1-4. If you
are using a different tool to download your program, simply select it
here. Do not worry if you don’t see the serial number of your device, as
shown in Figure 1-4. This would be because you have not yet connected
it to your laptop.
5
Chapter 1 Introducing MPLABX
6
Chapter 1 Introducing MPLABX
You should select the XC8 (V2.20) compiler software, although with
some later projects we will use V1.35, as shown in Figure 1-5. Then click
“Next” to move to the select project name and folder window, as shown in
Figure 1-6.
In this window, you will specify the name of the project and where
you want to save it. The software will create a new directory on your
computer with the project name you create here. It is not recommended
to use long-winded complicated path names to the new folder, so I
normally save all my projects on the root directory of my laptop.
I have suggested a project name for this new project as ourFirst16F88.
Note that I am using camel case, in which two words, or more, are
combined together. The first letter of the first word is in lowercase and the
first letters of any subsequent words are in uppercase. In this way, multiple
words can be combined together to make one long word.
7
Chapter 1 Introducing MPLABX
As you type the name for your project you should see that the folder is
created on the root drive, or wherever you have specified it should be. The
folder name will have a .X added to it.
It will be in this new folder that all the files associated with the project
will be saved as well as some important subdirectories that are created.
Once you are happy with the naming of the project, simply click
“Finish” and the project will be created. The window will now go back to
the main window as shown in Figure 1-7.
You should now see the project window at the left-hand side of your
screen as shown in Figure 1-7. Note that you may need to move the
window around to get it the same in Figure 1-7.
8
Chapter 1 Introducing MPLABX
9
Chapter 1 Introducing MPLABX
I have tried to explain the use of the configuration words; now let’s
see how we can configure them. As this is something you have to do for all
your projects and for all the different PICs you might use, Microchip has
tried to make it easier for you. I know when I first started writing programs
for PICs it wasn’t quite as easy as it is now.
To write the code for the configuration words, we use a special
window in the MPLABX IDE. To open this window, click the word
“window” on the main menu bar and then select “Target Memory
Views” from the drop-down menu that appears. Then select
“configuration bits” from the slide-out menu that appears. This process
is shown in Figure 1-8.
Once you have selected the configuration bits option, your main
window will change to that shown in Figure 1-9.
10
Chapter 1 Introducing MPLABX
As this is the PIC16F88, there are not that many settings for us to
consider. The first one listed is the main one we need to change. It is
labeled FOSC (for frequency of oscillator). The default setting is usually
the external RC oscillator. You should see under the “setting” label that it
indicates that it is connected to RA6. This means that the pin RA6 (i.e., bit6
of PORTA) cannot be used for anything else, as it is used to take the signal
from the external RC oscillator into the PIC.
I always prefer to use the internal oscillator block because it saves the
cost of the external oscillator and it frees up pin RA6 and more, as we will
see. To change this setting, we must click the mouse on the small arrow
at the side of the phrase “EXTRCCLK” and select the option “INTOSCIO”,
which means the internal oscillator with input/output function on pins
RA6 and RA7. You should see that the comments under the label “setting”
have changed to show this and they are shown in blue.
11
Chapter 1 Introducing MPLABX
12
Chapter 1 Introducing MPLABX
All we need to do now is generate the source code and use it in our
program. This process is a lot easier than it has been, because all we need
to do now is click the tab “Generate Source Code to Output” and MPLABX
will do it for us. This tab is at the bottom of the screen as shown in
Figure 1-9 and Figure 1-10. Once you generate the code, it should appear
as shown in Figure 1-11. You may have to minimize the configuration bits
window to show the source code better.
13
Chapter 1 Introducing MPLABX
What we are going to do is copy these instructions and paste them into
a header file. We could paste them into the program listing that we will use
for the first program. However, we will not start writing that program until
we get to chapter 2. Also I want you to understand that when we write our
other programs for the 16F88, we will use the same configuration words.
There may be times when we want to use a different set of configuration
words, but that won’t happen in the programs in this book. Therefore, to
remove the need to repeat the process of writing the same configuration
words in all our other PIC16F88 projects, we will save these instructions to
a header file: first a local header file and then a global header file.
14
Chapter 1 Introducing MPLABX
15
Chapter 1 Introducing MPLABX
Once you are happy with the name of the file, click “Finish”, and the
main editing window should change to show the new file open and ready
for editing. This is shown in Figure 1-14.
16
Chapter 1 Introducing MPLABX
You will see that Microchip automatically inserts an awful lot of text
into the file. I have never used any of it and I simply delete it all. To ensure
that your windows look exactly as I expect them to, I would like you to
delete all that text; thank you.
Before we copy the instructions for the configuration words into
this file, we should add some comments. It is good practice to include
comments in all your programs. You know what you are doing now but
in six months or less, you will wonder why you did what you have done;
therefore, always add comments.
There are two types of comments in ‘C’ programs:
17
Chapter 1 Introducing MPLABX
18
Chapter 1 Introducing MPLABX
statement in chapter 2. Once you have copied the source code, you should
paste it into the header file starting on the next line after your initial
comments.
Your editing window should now look like that shown in Figure 1-15.
Figure 1-15. The source code pasted into the header file
All we have to do now is save the file using the save option under the
word “file” on the main menu bar.
So now we have created a “local header file”. We will look at how we
can use this and other header files in chapter 2. I want to explain why I am
calling it a local header file and why we need to make it a “global header
file”. A local header file is one that can only be used in the current project
you have created it in. It is used to split your project up into small sections
so that a group of programmers may work on the different sections.
However, it does not fit our purpose as it stands at present. We want to
create a header file that we can use in all our projects that used the same
configuration words. To do that, we must change this local header file
into a global header file, which is one we can use in all our projects that
use the same configuration words. At present, this header file is saved
19
Chapter 1 Introducing MPLABX
in the directory for this project, and therefore only this project will find
the file. What we need to do is save a copy of this file in a place where all
projects will find it. This will be the “include” folder of the XC8 compiler
software we are using within MPLABX. If you are using more than one
compiler version, then you must save a copy in the “include” folder for all
the compiler versions you may use. This folder will most likely be in the
Microchip directory that was created when you installed MPLABX. The
path to the “include” folder I will copy this file into is shown here:
You will have to find the header file you have just created and the path
to find it on my laptop (Figure 1-16).
20
Chapter 1 Introducing MPLABX
configuration settings. What happens in the other projects, where you have
asked to have the header file included, is that the linker program will go
to the include folder in the compiler software and find the header file you
want to use.
We will look at this more closely when we write our first program in
chapter 2.
21
Chapter 1 Introducing MPLABX
You should click the tag for fonts and colors. Then select what you want
to change. Once you are happy with your choice, click “OK”. I have selected
the fonts and colors and then changed the color of the comments to black,
as shown in Figure 1-17.
• a microprocessor
• ROM, RAM
• an I/O chip
However, all these parts are all on a single chip, not several chips, as
with older microprocessor-based systems. This means it is really a single-
chip computer.
As well as all that, the PIC has much more circuitry on the single chip.
This extra circuitry is used to make it into a control system with a micro
at the heart of it. The extra circuit may include an ADC (analog-to-digital
converter), opamp circuits for compare and capture, a PWM module, and
a UART module. These extra circuits may not be on all PICs as PICs vary in
their makeup for different applications.
22
Chapter 1 Introducing MPLABX
One more thing before we move on is that the PIC is a RISC chip as
opposed to a CISC chip. RISC stands for reduced instruction set chip,
whereas CISC stands for complex instruction set chip. Indeed, the
instruction sets for PIC micros range from 35 to 75 core instructions.
However, the 18F4525 has an extended instruction set at your disposal.
The Intel processor, which is a CISC chip, uses hundreds of instructions, so
the PIC is pretty efficient.
23
Chapter 1 Introducing MPLABX
24
Chapter 1 Introducing MPLABX
Summary
In this chapter, we have learned what an IDE is and how to create a
project within MPLABX, the IDE from Microchip. We have looked at the
importance of header files, and the difference between local and global
header files. We will go on to create our own header files for functions that
we will use in exactly the same way in most of our programs as the book
progresses. We have also looked at what a PIC is and the two PICs we will
be using in this book.
In the next chapter, we will create our first program and learn how to
use the header file we have just created, and other header files, in it. We
will also start our analysis of ‘C’ programs as to how a ‘C’ program works
and how the instructions of the ‘C’ program operate. I hope you will enjoy
reading this book and learn a lot from it. Good luck and happy reading.
25
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Leute am härtesten zu schlafen pflegen, sondern nachdem ich das
Gegitter so leicht als einen Rübschnitz hinweg gebrochen, ließe ich
ein Seil hinunter zu meinem Springinsfeld in Keller und zoge ihn
daran samt aller Zugehör zu mir herauf, da ich dann auch den
verlangten schönen Smaragd fande.
Die Beut erfreuete mich bei weitem nicht so sehr als das
Schelmstück, welches mir so wol abgangen war. Der Tambour hatte
sich bereits den Abend zuvor schon aus der Stadt gemacht, mein
Springinsfeld aber spazierte den Tag nach vollbrachter
Schatzerhebung mit andern in der Stadt herum, die sich über den
listigen Dieb verwunderten, eben als man unter den Thoren Anstalt
machte, solchen zu erhaschen. Und nun sihe, Simplice, solcher
Gestalt ist deines Springinsfelds Dexterität durch mich zuwegen
gebracht und ausgeübet worden. Ich erzähle dir auch dieses nur
zum Exempel, dann wann ich dir alle Buben- und Schelmenstück
sagen solte, die er mir zu Gefallen werkstellig machen müssen, so
dorfte ich wetten, es würde mir und dir, wiewol es lustige
Schosen[161] seind, die Zeit zu lang werden; ja wann man alles
beschreiben solte, wie du deine Narrenpossen beschrieben hast, so
würde es ein größer und lustiger Buch abgeben als deine ganze
Lebensbeschreibung. Doch will ich dich noch ein kleines lassen
hören.
Fußnoten:
[147] C y p r i a n i s c h e J u n g f r a u . Justin., H i s t . X V I I I . cap.
5, erzählt, Elissa (Dido) habe nach ihrer Flucht auf Kypros achtzig
Jungfrauen geraubt, die nach der Sitte des Landes an das Ufer
des Meeres geschickt worden waren, um sich dort ihre Aussteuer
zu verdienen.
[148] J e s e b e l, die Gemahlin Ahab's. Jehu, der das Haus Ahab's
ausrottete. 2 Könige 10.
[149] z u F a d e n s c h l a g e n, vom Schneiderhandwerk, ein
Stück mit losen und weiten Stichen zusammennähen, in
Norddeutschland r e i h e n, dann von dem Beginn jeder Arbeit
gebraucht, der Gegensatz ist a u s w i r k e n, die Arbeit fertig
machen. Beide Ausdrücke gebraucht Grimmelshausen im
übertragenen Sinne, selbst z. B. vom Essen.
[150] e i f e r n m i t, eifersüchtig sein auf.
[151] d a e s l a n g h e r u m g i e n g, nachdem die Sache länger
besprochen worden war.
[152] L u t z e r, Blutzer, schweizerische Scheidemünze.
[153] B e z i r k, Umfang.
[154] s t e u e r n, stützen.
[155] d ü n s t e r, düster, dumpf.
[156] d i e G l o c k g e g o s s e n, sprichwörtlich: die Sache
abgemacht.
[157] m e s s e n e, von m ë s s e, mhd., Bronze; diese alte Form
steht hier für messingene, welche Metallmischung um die Mitte
des 16. Jahrh. erfunden wurde.
[158] A . R . A q u a R e g i s, Königswasser, Goldscheidewasser.
[159] v e r b l ü h t, ausgeblüht, gezeitigt zur Hebung.
[160] Wunderliche Construction, jedoch in allen Ausgaben,
A c c u s . c . i n f i n . daß ein Kerl entrinne.
[161] S c h o s e n, c h o s e s, Sachen.
Das zwanzigste Capitel.
Welcher Gestalt Springinsfeld und Courage zween
Italiäner bestohlen.
Als wir uns versahen, wir würden noch lang vor Casal liegen bleiben
müssen, lagen wir nit nur in Zelten, sondern ihrer viel baueten ihnen
auch sonst Hütten aus andern Materialien, sich desto besser in die
Länge zu behelfen. Unter anderen Schacherern befanden sich zween
Mailänder im Lager, die hatten ihnen eine Hütte von Brettern
zugerichtet, ihre Kaufmannswaare desto sicherer darin zu
verwahren, welche da bestunde in Schuhen, Stiefeln, Kollern,
Hemdern und sonst allerhand Kleidungen, beides vor Officierer und
gemeine Soldaten zu Roß und Fuß. Diese thäten mir meines
Bedunkens viel Abtrag[162] und Schaden, indem sie nämlich von den
Kriegsleuten allerhand Beuten von Silbergeschmeid und Juweln um
den halben, ja den vierten Theil ihres Werths erhandelten, welcher
Gewinn mir zum Theil zukommen wäre, wann sie nit vorhanden
gewesen. Solches nun gedachte ich an ihnen aufs wenigst zu
wuchern[163], weil in meiner Macht nit stunde, ihnen das Handwerk
gar niederzulegen.
Unten in der Hütten war die Behaltnus ihrer Waar, und dasselbige
war auch zugleich ihr Gaden[164]; oben auf dem Boden aber unter
dem Dach war ihr Liegerstatt, allwo sie schliefen, wohinauf ungefähr
sieben oder acht Staffeln giengen; und durch den Boden hatten sie
ein offenes Loch gelassen, um dadurch nicht allein desto besser zu
hören, wann etwan Mauser einbrächen, sie zu bestehlen, sondern
auch solche Diebe mit Pistolen zu bewillkommen, mit welchen sie
trefflich versehen waren. Als ich nun selbst wahrgenommen, wie die
Thür ohne sonderlichen Rumor aufzumachen wäre, machte ich
meinen Anschlag gar gering[165]. Mein Springinsfeld muste mir eine
Welle scharfer Dörner in Mannslänge zuwegen bringen, woran auch
beinahe ein Mann zu tragen hatte, und ich füllete eine messene
Spritze mit scharfem Essig. Also versehen, giengen wir beide an die
gedachte Hütte, als jedermann im besten Schlaf war. Die Thür in der
Stille zu öffnen, war mir gar keine Kunst, weil ich zuvor alles fleißig
abgesehen; und da solches vollbracht und geschehen, stackte
Springinsfeld die Dornwell vor die Stiegen, als welche vor sich selbst
keine Thür hatte, von welchem Geräusch beide Italiäner erwachten
und zu rumpeln anfiengen. Wir konten uns wol einbilden, daß sie
zum ersten zu obigen Loch herunter schauen würden, als dann auch
geschahe; ich aber spritzte dem einen die Augen alsobald so voller
Essig, daß ihm seine Vorsichtigkeit in einem Augenblick vergieng;
der ander aber liefe im Hemd und Schlafhosen die Stiegen hinunter
und wurde von der Dornwell so unfreundlich empfangen, daß er
gleichwie auch sein Camerad in solcher unversehenen Begebenheit
und großem Schrecken sich nichts anders einbilden konten, also es
wäre eitel Zauberei und Teufelsgespenst vorhanden. Indessen hatte
Springinsfeld ein Dutzet zusammen gebundene Reuterkoller erwischt
und sich damit fort gemacht, ich aber ließe mich mit einem Stück
Leinwat genügen, drehete mich damit aus und schlug die Thür
hinter mir wieder zu, die beide Welsche also in ihrer Anfechtung
hinterlassend, wovon der eine ohne Zweifel die Augen noch
gewischt, der ander aber noch mit seiner Dornwell zu handeln
gehabt haben wird.
Schaue, Simplice, so konnte ichs, und also habe ich den
Springinsfeld nach und nach abgerichtet. Ich stahle, wie gehöret,
nicht aus Noth oder Mangel, sondern mehrentheils darum, damit ich
mich an meinen Widerwärtigen[166] revangiren möchte.
Springinsfeld aber lernete indessen die Kunst und kam so meisterlich
in die Griff, daß er sich unterstanden hätte, alles zu mausen, es wäre
dann gar mit Ketten an das Firmament geheftet gewesen, und ich
ließe ihn solches auch treulich genießen, dann ich gönnete ihm, daß
er einen eigenen Säckel haben und mit dem halben gestohlenen
Gut, maßen wir solche Eroberungen miteinander theilten, thun und
handeln dörfte, was er wolte. Weil er aber trefflich auf das Spielen
verpicht war, so kam er selten zu großem Geld; und wann er gleich
zu Zeiten den Anfang zu einer ziemlichen Summa zuwegen brachte,
so verblieb er jedoch die Länge nicht in Possession, sintemal ihm
sein unbeständig Glück das Fundament zum Reichthum durch den
unbeständigen Würfel jederzeit wieder hinweg zwackte. Im übrigen
verblieb er mir ganz getreu und gehorsam, also daß ich mir auch
keinen bessern Sclaven in der ganzen Welt zu finden getrauet hätte.
Jetzt höre auch, was er damit verdienet, wie ich ihm gelohnet, und
wie ich mich endlich wieder von ihm geschieden.
Fußnoten:
[162] A b t r a g, Abbruch.
[163] w u c h e r n, reichlich vergelten.
[164] G a d e n, Laden.
[165] g e r i n g, leicht, anstellig, schlau.
[166] W i d e r w ä r t i g e, Gegner, Feinde.
Das einundzwanzigste Capitel.
Erzählung eines Treffens, welches im Schlaf vorgangen.
Zu Passau schlug es mir bei weitem nicht so wol zu, als ich mich
versehen hatte. Es war mir gar zu pfäffisch und zu andächtig; ich
hätte lieber an Statt der Nonnen Soldaten oder an Statt der Mönche
einige Hofbursch dort sehen mögen, und gleichwol verharrete ich
daselbsten, weil damals nicht nur Böhmen, sondern auch fast alle
Provinzen des Teutschlandes mit Krieg überschwemmt waren. Indem
ich nun sahe, daß alles der Gottesforcht daselbst zugethan zu sein
schiene, accommodirte ich mich gleichfalls aufs wenigst äußerlich
nach ihrer Weis und Gewohnheit; und was mehr ist, so hatte meine
böhmische Mutter oder Kostfrau das Glück, daß sie an diesem
andächtigen Ort unter dem Glanz der angenommenen Gottseligkeit
den Weg aller Welt gieng, welche ich dann auch ansehenlicher
begraben ließe, als wann sie zu Prag bei S. Jacobs Thor gestorben
wäre. Ich hielte es vor ein Omen meiner künftigen Unglückseligkeit,
weil ich nunmehr niemanden auf der Welt mehr hatte, dem ich mich
und das Meinige rechtschaffen hätte vertrauen mögen, und
derentwegen haßte ich den unschuldigen Ort, darin ich meiner
besten Freundin, Säugammen und Auferzieherin war beraubt
worden. Doch patientirt ich mich daselbst, biß ich Zeitung bekam,
daß der Wallensteiner Prag, die Hauptstadt meines Vatterlands,
eingenommen und wiederum in des Römischen Kaisers Gewalt
gebracht; dann auf solche erlangte Zeitung und weil der Schwed zu
München und in ganz Baiern dominirt, zumalen in Passau
seinetwegen große Forcht war, machte ich mich wieder in besagtes
Prag, wo ich mein meistes Geld liegen hatte.
Ich war aber kaum dort eingenistelt, ja ich hatte mich noch nicht
recht daselbst gesetzt, mein zusammengeschundenes Geld und Gut
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