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Chapter2 non CS

A digital computer consists of input devices (like keyboards and mice), output devices (such as monitors and printers), memory (including RAM and ROM), and a Central Processing Unit (CPU). Input devices allow users to enter data, while output devices present processed information. Memory systems include primary memory for short-term storage and secondary memory for long-term storage, with virtual memory techniques enhancing multitasking capabilities.

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2 views

Chapter2 non CS

A digital computer consists of input devices (like keyboards and mice), output devices (such as monitors and printers), memory (including RAM and ROM), and a Central Processing Unit (CPU). Input devices allow users to enter data, while output devices present processed information. Memory systems include primary memory for short-term storage and secondary memory for long-term storage, with virtual memory techniques enhancing multitasking capabilities.

Uploaded by

maniaconnzt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Structure of a Digital

Computer

For Non-CS students


Basic Structure of a Digital Computer
●
A Digital Computer typically consists of :
●
Input Devices: These devices allow users to enter data and
instructions into the computer. Examples include keyboards, mice,
scanners, and microphones.
●
Output Devices: These devices display the results of the computer's
processing. Examples include monitors, printers, and speakers.
●
Memory: This component stores data and instructions.
●
Central Processing Unit (CPU): The "brain" of the computer,
responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations.
Basic Structure of a Digital Computer

Fig : Block diagram of a Digital Computer


Memory system of a Digital Computer
●
Primary Memory (RAM):
●
Volatile, meaning data is lost when power is turned off.
●
Used for short-term storage of active programs and data.
●
Faster access speeds for quicker data retrieval. Secondary Memory:
●
Secondary Memory (ROM):
●
Non-volatile, retaining data even when power is off.
●
Used for long-term storage of programs, data, and operating systems.
●
Slower access speeds compared to RAM.
●
Includes devices like hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and USB
drives.
Memory system of a Digital Computer
●
Virtual memory is a memory management technique that gives
an illusion of more memory than physically available.
●
It uses a portion of the hard disk as virtual memory.
●
It improves multitasking and allows running larger programs.
●
It uses techniques like paging and segmentation.
Input Devices
●
Input devices are essential for interacting with computers. They
allow users to enter data and commands into the system.
Common input devices include keyboards for text input, mice
for navigation and selection, scanners for digitizing images, and
microphones for voice input.
Input Devices
●
Keyboards: The most common input device used to enter text and
commands.
●
Mice: Pointing devices used to control the cursor on the screen.
●
Scanners: Devices that convert physical documents into digital images.
●
Microphones: Used to capture audio input, such as voice commands or
music.
●
Webcams: Capture video and still images.
●
Joysticks and Gamepads: Used for gaming and other interactive
applications.
Output Devices
●
Output devices allow computers to present information to users.
Common output devices include monitors to display visual
information, printers to produce hard copies, and speakers to
generate audio output. More specialized output devices include
projectors, plotters, and voice synthesizers.
Output Devices
●
Monitors: Display visual information on a screen.
●
Printers: Produce hard copies of documents or images.
●
Speakers: Produce audio output.
●
Projectors: Display images or videos on a large screen.
●
Plotters: Used to create large-format prints, such as
architectural drawings or engineering blueprints.
Thank You

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