OUR LADY OF GRACE SCHOOL

Manzon, San Carlos City, Pangasinan

S.Y. 2021-2022

“EVERY LEARNER MATTERS, EVERY MOMENT COUNTS”

QUARTER 1: LEARNING MODULE # 3

GENERAL MATHEMATICS 11

LESSON 5: UNDERSTANDING RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

A rational function f ( x ) is the ratio of two polynomials g ( x )and h ( x ) like this
g( x )
f ( x )= , h ( x ) ≠ 0.
h( x)
Examples of Rational Function:
2
x 3 x+ 5 x 3 x −3 x+ 1
f ( x )= , f ( x ) = , f ( x ) = , f ( x ) = , f ( x ) =
x−1 x−6 9 a−b 3
x +4
Examples of NOT Rational Function:
1
x2 , f ( x ) = √ 3 x+5 , f ( x ) =
x
−2
, f ( x )=
3
f ( x )= x −6 9 0
x−1
What is the difference of Rational Function, Rational Equation and Rational Inequalities?
Rational Equation is an equation involving rational expression.
Examples:
2
x 1 3 x +5 x 3 x −3 x +1 3
= , =2 , =2 x , =6 x , =
x−1 x−1 x−6 9 a−b 3
x +4 5
Rational Inequalities is an inequality involving rational expressions.
Examples:
x 1 3 x +5 x 3
> , <2 , ≥2 x , ≤6 x
x−1 x−1 x−6 9 a−b
Domain and Range of Rational Functions
N (x)
 The domain of a rational function f ( x )= is all the values of x that will not make D ( x ) equal
D(x)
to zero.
 To find the range of rational function is by finding the domain of the inverse function.
 Another way to find the range of a rational function is to find the value of horizontal asymptote.
n< m, y=0
a
n=m , y =
b
n> m,there is no horizontal asymptote
Examples: Find the domain and range of rational function.
2
1. f ( x )=
x−3
2
SOLUTION: f ( x )=
x−3
x−3=0
x=3
The domain of f ( x ) is the set of all real numbers except 3.
2
f ( x )=
x−3
2
y=
x−3
2
x=
y−3
x ( y−3 )=2
xy−3 x=2
xy=2+3 x
 xy 2+3 x
=
x x
2+3 x
y=
x
x=0
The range of f ( x ) is the set of all real numbers except 0.

x−5
2. f ( x )=
x +2
x−5
SOLUTION: f ( x )=
x +2
x +2=0
x=−2
The domain of f ( x ) is the set of all real numbers except -2.
x−5
f ( x )=
x +2
x−5
y=
x +2
y−5
x=
y +2
x ( y+ 2 )= y−5
xy +2 x= y−5
xy= y−5−2 x
xy= y−5−2 x
xy− y=−5−2 x
y ( x−1 )=−5−2 x
y ( x−1 ) −5−2 x
=
x −1 x−1
−5−2 x
y=
x−1
x−1=0
x=1
The range of f ( x ) is the set of all real numbers except 1.
( x−4 ) ( x+2 )
3. f ( x )=
( x−3 )( x−1 )
( x−4 ) ( x+2 )
4. SOLUTION: f ( x )=
( x−3 )( x−1 )
x−3=0 x−1=0
x=3 x=1
The domain of f ( x ) is the set of all real numbers except 3 and 1.

( x−4 ) ( x+2 )
f ( x )=
( x−3 )( x−1 )
2
x + 2 x−4 x−8
f ( x )= 2
x −1 x−3 x +3
2
x −2 x−8
f ( x )= 2
x −4 x +3

a 1
y= = =1
b 1
The range of f ( x ) is the set of all real numbers except 1.
x
5. f ( x )= 2
x −4
x
SOLUTION: f ( x )= 2
x −4
1
f ( x )=
( x +2 ) ( x −2 )
x +2=0 x−2=0
x=−2 x=2
 The domain of f ( x ) is the set of all real numbers except -2 and 2.

x
f ( x )= 2
x −4
y=0
The range of f ( x ) is the set of all real numbers except 0.

3 x −9
6. f ( x )= 2
x −x−6
3 x −9
SOLUTION: f ( x )= 2
x −x−6
3 x−9
f ( x )=
( x−3 )( x +2 )
x−3=0 x +2=0
x=3 x=−2
The domain of f ( x ) is the set of all real numbers except 3 and -2.
3 x −9
f ( x )= 2
x −x−6

y=0
The range of f ( x ) is the set of all real numbers except 0.

ACTIVITY 1
Identify whether the following expressions are rational equations, rational functions, or rational
inequalities. Write your answer on a sheet of paper.
2 ( x−3 )
1. f ( x )= 3
x
1 7 x−9
2. =
x 2 x+ 4
1 7 x−9
3. ≥
x+2 2x
7 x−9
4. =1
2x+4
1 x−9
5. ≥
2 2x
ACTIVITY 2
Find the domain and range of each rational function. Write your answer on a sheet of paper.
2 x+1
1. f ( x )=
x−3
x
2. f ( x )= 2
x −3 x−18
4 ( x−1 )
3. f ( x )=
x+1
x
4. f ( x )= 2
x −1
2
( ) x −x−3
5. f x = 2
x + x−12

LESSON 6: SOLVING RATIONAL EQUATIONS

A rational equations is nothing more than a fraction in which the numerator and/or the
denominator are polynomials.
Examples:
2
x 1 3 x +5 x 3 x −3 x +1 3
= , =2 , =2 x , =6 x , =
x−1 x−1 x−6 9 a−b 3
x +4 5
 x−2
Example 1: Solve the rational equation 5+ =3.
x−4
x−2
SOLUTION: 5+ =3
x−4

(
( x−4 ) 5+
x−2
x−4 )
=(3)(x −4)
5 ( x−4 ) + x−2=3 x−12
5 x−20+ x−2=3 x−12
5 x+ x−3 x=−12+20+2
3 x 10
=
3 3
10 1
x= 0 r 3
3 10

6 x−3
Example 2: Solve the rational equation + =2.
x 4
6 x−3
SOLUTION: + =2
x 4
x=x
4=∙ 2 ∙2
LCD=x ∙ 2 ∙2=4 x
4x ( 6x + x−3
4 )
=( 2 ) 4 x
4 ( 6 ) + x ( x −3 )=8 x
2
24+ x −3 x =8 x
2
x −3 x−8 x +24=0
2
x −11 x +24=0
( x−3 )( x−8 )=0
x−3=0 x−8=0
x=3 x=8

9 6
Example 3: Solve the rational algebraic equation 2
= 2.
x +2 x x
9 6
SOLUTION: 2
= 2
x +2 x x
x ( x +2 x ) 2
2 2
( 9
x +2 x )( )6 2 2
= 2 x ( x +2 x )
x
x ( 9 )=( x +2 x ) ( 6 )
2 2

2 2
9 x =6 x + 12 x
2 2
9 x −6 x −12 x=0
2
3 x −12 x=0
3 x ( x−4 )=0
3 x=0 x−4=0
x=0 x=4

3 x −6
Example 4: Solve the rational algebraic equation =x−2.
x−8
3 x −6
SOLUTION: =x−2
x−8
 ( x−8 ) ( 3x−8
x−6
)= ( x−2)( x−8)
2
1 ( 3 x −6 )=x −8 x−2 x +16
2
3 x−6=x −10 x+16
2
x −10 x−3 x+ 16+6=0
2
x −13 x+ 22=0
( x−11 )( x−2 )=0
x−11=0 x−2=0
x=11 x=2

x 2 5
Example 5: Solve the rational algebraic equation + = .
( x+2 ) ( x+2 )( x +3 ) ( x+3 )
x 2 5
SOLUTION: + =
( x+2 ) ( x+2 )( x +3 ) ( x+3 )
( x +2 ) ( x +3 )
( x
+
2
( x +2 ) ( x +2 ) ( x+ 3 ) )(
=
5
( x+3 ) )
( x +2 ) ( x+ 3 )

( x +3 ) ( x )+1 ( 2 )= ( x +2 ) ( 5 )
2
x + 3 x +2=5 x +10
2
x + 3 x −5 x +2−10=0
2
x −2 x−8=0
( x−4 ) ( x+ 2 )=0
x−4=0 x +2=0
x=4 x=−2

x+7 81 9
Example 6: Solve the rational algebraic equation − 2 = .
( x−2 ) x −5 x−14 ( x +7 )
SOLUTION:
x+7 81 9 x+7 81 9
− 2 = − =
( x−2 ) x −5 x−14 ( x +7 ) ( x−2 ) ( x−2 )( x +7 ) ( x+ 7 )

(
( x−2 ) ( x+ 7 )
x+ 7
−
81
( x−2 ) ( x−2 ) ( x +7 ) )(
=
9
)
( x +7 )
( x−2 )( x +7 )

( x +7 ) ( x+ 7 )−1 ( 81 )= ( 9 ) ( x −2 )
2
x + 7 x+7 x + 49−81=9 x−18
2
x + 14 x−32=9 x−18
2
x + 14 x−9 x−32+18=0
2
x + 5 x −14=0
( x +7 ) ( x−2 )=0
x +7=0 x−2=0
x=−7 x=2
ACTIVITY
Solve the following rational equations. Write your answer on a sheet of paper.
x 3 7x
1. + =
( x−5 ) ( x +2 ) ( x −5 ) ( x +2 )
x 4 36
2. + =
( x−4 ) ( x +5 ) ( x +5 )( x−4 )
1 x 2
3. + = 2
( x−4 ) ( x−2 ) x −6 x+ 8
x x−1 5
4. + 2 =
( x−5 ) x −11 x +30 x−6
 x 20 −4
5. − 2 =
( x+2 ) x −x−6 x−3