nntlltYbl'ind Dlfferenflability

i.e. x is either less than a or greater than b. (b) Ix+31:5:2 ~ - 2:5:x+3:5:2

Note : x 2 < a 2 ~ x 2 - a 2 IS
•.
- Ive ~ -5:5:x:5:-1 :. x e (- 5,-1)
or {x - ( - a)}(x-a)= -iveLe - a<x<a (c) O<lx - ll:5:3 ~ IX-ll:5:3
x 2 ~a2 ~ (x 2 _ a 2 ) ~ o ~ -3:5:x-l:5:3 ~ - 2:5:x :5: 4
i.e. {x - (- a) }(x- a) ~o Alsolx - 11>O ~ x:h
i.e e1therx:5: - aorx~a . . x e [- 2, 4] but x ...J 1
13. Double Inequality. a Z < x Z < b Z , a < b. or x E [- 2, 1) u(l, 4]
This is equivalent to two inequalities. (d) Ixl>x ~ x<o i.e. xis-ive
a<x<b and -b <x< - a i.e.ifx =- 5thenl - 51=5 or 5>-5
2 .
4 < x < 9 ~ 2 < x < 3 and - 3 < x < - 2 15. log aa xis defined if both x and a are +ive and
x *0 and a *1. (V. Imp.)
4 < x ~ :l
2
- 4 = + ive
Also log a X = y, then x = a Y exponential form.
or {x - ( - 2)} (x - 2) = + ive
either x < - 2 or x> 2 ... (1) Exponential function is always positive.
x 2 < 9 ~ x 2 - 9 = -lve
. log a X > log a y <=> X > y if base a> 1
<=> x<yifbasea<l
or {x - ( - 3)} (x - 3) = - ive
Equality of functions f and g
.. -3<x<3
Hence from (1) and (2) , we get 2 < x < 3 and
f = g if f (x) = g (x) 't/ x.
16. A function f (x) satisfying the condition
-3<x<-2 ... (2)
14. (a) I xl >i:l ~ x 2 >a2 or (x+ a)(x-a) =+ive f (x)f(~)= f(x)+ f(~)iS of the form (1 ± x n ).
.. x<-a or x>a
(b) Ixl<a ~ ,x 2 <i or (x+a)(x - a)= - ive e.g. Iff(x) =1 +x 3 thenf(!) =1+....!:..=x3 +1
. x x3 x3
.. -a<x<a
Triangular inequalities. .. f(X).f(~)=(1+x:3)2
(c) Ix+yl:5:lxl+lyl
(d) Ix - yl~lxl - lyl f (x) +f (!) = (1 + x 3 ) ( "1 + --.!..3 ) = (1 + x3 3 )2
Illustration : X x x
(a) IX - 31>5 ~ x - 3< - 5 or x-3>5 The same will hold good if we choose
~ x<-2 or x>8
f (x) = 1 - x 3
or 1 ± xn .
.. xe(-oo,-2) u(8,oo)
Above may be remembered as formula.

Functions, Composite functions, Periodic functions, Even or Odd functions,

Inverse of a function.

(ii) f (x) f (y) - ~ [f (~ ) + f (XYl] =

1. Given the functionf (x) =(a x + a-x) /2,(a>2). (a) - 2 (b) -1.

Thenf (x+ y) + f (x- y) = (c) 0 (d) !

2
(a) 2f(x).f(y) (b) f(x).f(y) .
3. If f (x) = sin (log x) , then the value of
(c) f (x) / fey) (d) none
2. (i) If f (x) =cos (log x), then E = f (xy) + f (~ ) -2f (~) cos (log y)is
f(X2)f(y2) _ ~[f( ~}~ f(X 2y2 )] (a) - 1 (b) 0
(c) 1 (d) none of these
has the value
4. (i) If f (x) =cos [7t ] X + cos [ - 7t2 ] x, where [x] stands
2
(a) - 2 (b) - 1
for the greatest integer function, then.
!
f (~) = -
(c) (d) none of these
2 (a) 1 (b) f (7t) = 1
IU .... g 1QQ?\
 (c) f (-1t) =0 (d) f(~)=~ and 1 (3) = 28, then 1 (2) is ~iven by
4 .J2 (1.I.T.1991) (a) 63 (b) 65
(ii) A function 1 (x) is defined as under: .(c) 67 (d) none of these
1 (x) =e,+x[,] , ~~=~ then 1 [f(-2·5)] is 14. If g (x) is a polynomial satisfying
g(x)g(y)=g(x)+g(y)+g(xy)-2 .
(a) 3 (b) 2
for all real x, y and g (2) = 5, then g (3) is equal to
(c) 1 (d) 0
(a) 10 (b) 24
5. If g (x) be a function defined on [ -1, 1]. If the area of
the equilateral triangle with two of its vertices at (0, 0) (c) 21 o (d) none of these
2
and [x,g (x)] is ..)3/ 4, then the function is 15. If 21 (x) '- 31 (1/ x) = x , x is not equal to zero, then
_I 2 _I 2
(a) g(x)=±,,(l-x) (b) g(x)=-,,(l-x) 1 (2) is equal to
(c) g (x) = ..) (1- x
2
) ( d) g (x) = ..) (1 + x 2
) (a) 5/2 (b) -7/4

6. The graph of the function (c) -1 (d) none of these

(1.I.T.1991)
cos xcos (x +~) -cos (x + 1) is
2
2
16. If21 (x) + 31 (- x) = x - X + 1, then the value of I ' (1) is
(a) a straight line passing through (0, -'-sin 2 1) with
equal to
slope 2.
(b) a straight line passing through (0, 0) (a) ~ (b) ~ (c) ~ . (d) Z
5 5 5 5
(c) a parabola with vertex (1, -sin 2 1) 2
17. If 1 (x) + 21 (1 - x) = x + 2 Ox E R then 1 (x) is equal to
(d) a straight line pass'ng through the point 2
(~ , - sin 2 1) and parallel to the x-axis. (a) x -2
1 2
(b) 1

(c) - (x -2) (d) none of these

(I.I.T. Re-ex. 1997) 3
7. Th(J . valueofband e for which the identity , 0 18. If 1
, : R ~ R is a function sue h t h at
f(x+ l)~f (x)=8J(+ 3 is satisfied, where
1 (X) =bx2 + ex + d;are , 1 (x) = x 3 + 'x 21 ' (1) + xf" (2) + I'" (3)
for all x E R, then 1 (2) - 1 (1) is '
(a) b =2,e :::1, (b) b =4,e =-1
(c) b=-1,e=4 (d) none (Screening 1992)
(a) 1 (0) (b) -1(0) (c) I' (0) (d) -:-f'(0)

8. If 1(0)=2,1(1)=3 and l(x+2)=21(xf-f(~+1) for

every real x then 1 (5) is equal to
19. The function 1 (x) =log (1 + x) satisfies the equation
1-x ..
(a) 13 (b) 1 (c) 5 (d) 7 (a) 1 (x+ 2) -2[ (x+ 1) + 1 (x) =0

1(~l=21
9. If 1 (x+ 1) + 1 (x-i) =21 (x) and 1 (0) =0, then
1 (n),n EN is (b) (x) 2
1+ x
(a) n 1 (1) (b) [f (l)]n (c) 0 0 (d) none
(c) 1 (p) 1 (q) = 1 (p + q)
10. If 1 (x + y) = 1 (x) + 1 (y) 'if x, y E Rand 1 (1) = A, then
1 (n),n EN is (d) I(P)+/(q)=r [ ::;q)
(a) 'An (b) ~ (c) n).. (d) none '
'An
20. (a) If 1 (x + 2y, x - 2y) = xy, then 1 (x, y) equals
11. Let 1 (x) = px2 + qx + r, where p,q, r are rational and X
2
-y 2 X
2
-y 2
r:z ~ Z where Z is the set of integers. Then p + q is (a)
8
(b) - - " - -
4
(a) negative integer (b) an integer 2 2 2 2
(c) X +Y (d) x - Y
(c) non-integral rational (d) none
o

2 ' , 4 2
12. If 1 (x) = 1- x +x~~ 3 V X E R, then max. value of (b) A function f :R ~ R satisfies
l+x+x 00

2
sin xcos y [f (2x + 2y) - 1 (2x-2y)]
1 + 2x+ 4x
,
•
IS =cos xsin y [f (2x+2y) + f (2x-2y)]
Z
1-2x+4x
If/' (0) =1:,then/(x) = •
(a) 9 (b) 6 (c) 3 (d) 3/2 2
13. If f (x) is a polynomial satisfying (a) I" (x) (b) -I" (x)
1 (x) 1 (1/ x) = 1 (x) + 1 (1/ x) (c) 4/"(x) (d) -4f"(x)
 2 •
21. If a function f (x) satisfies the condition 30. Letf(x)=sinx,g(x)=x ,h(x)=loge x.
( 1) 2 1
f x+; =x + x 2 ,x"O,thenf(x)equals
. If F (x) = (hogof) x then F
(a) 2cosec 3 x
/I (x) is equal to
2
(a) x -2 for all x" ° (b) 2 cot x 2 -
2
4x cosec
2
x2
(b) x 2
- 2 for all x satisfying I x I ~ 2
(c) 2xcot x 2
2
(c) x -2 for all x s·a tisfying I x 1<2
(d) -2cosec 2 x
(d) none of these
31. If f: R -~ R, g : R ~ R be two given functiQns then
22. If f (x) is a function satisfying f (x+ y) = f (x) f (y) h (x) =2min [f (x) - g (x), 0] equals
n
V x,yeN, such that f (1) =3 and L f (x) =120, (a) f (x) + g (x) -I g (x) - f (x) I
x=l (b) f (x) + g (x) + Ig (x) - f (x) I
then the value of n is (c) f (x) - g (x) + I g (x) - f (x) I
(a) 4 (b) 5 (d) f(x)-g(x)-lg(x)-f(x)1
3
(c) 6 (d) none of these 32. Iff(x)=x -xand$(x)o:sin2x,then
23. The equivalent definition of the function given by (a) $[f(2)]=sin2 (b) $[f(l)]=l
f (xl ={2X'
°, x~o
x<o
is (c) f[$(l~)J=-~ (d) f[f(1)1=2

+~) + cos .KCOs ( x +~)

(a) f (x) =1 xl (b) f (x)=2x 2 2
33. If f (x) =sin x + sin ( x and
(c) f(x)=lxl+x (d) f(x)=2Ixl
I x<O g (5 / 4) = 1, then (g a f) x is
24. Let g (x) =1 + x-[x] and} (x) = -0: x=O. (1) polynomial of first degree in sin x, cos x
{
1, x>O (b) a constant function .
Then for all x, f {g (x)} is equal to (c) polynomial of 2nd degree in sin x, cos x
(a) x (b) 1 . (c) f(x) (d) g (x) (d) . none (I.I.T. 1996)

(~+x) +cosxcos(~+x)
(LLT. Sc. 2001) 2 2
34. Iff(x)=cos x+cos
25. If f (x) = ax + band g (x) = ex + d then
(fog) x = (gof) x implies then f (x) is :
(a) f(a)=g(e) • (b) f(d)=g(b) (a) odd (b) even
(c) f (b) =g (a) (d) f (e) =g (a) (c) periodic (d) f (0) = f (1)
26. Given f (x) =log {(I + x) / (1- x)} and 35. Let f (x) =x2 and g (x) =..Ix. then which of the
2
g (x) = (3x + x 3 ) / (1 + 3x ). Then f [g (x) ] equals following is correct?
Ca) - f (x) (b) 3 [f (x)] (a) gof (4) =4 (b) gof (3) =6
(c) [f (X)]3 (d) none of these (c) gof (-2) =-2 (d) gof (2) =4
36. If f (x) = _1_, then f [f {j (x)} ] = '
27. Let-f (x) = ax ,x" -1. Then, for what value of a is 1- x
x+1
f {j (x)} =x? (a) ° (b) x (c) -x
37. The inverse of the function loge x is
(d) none

(a) J2 (b) - J2 (c) 1 (d) -1

x
(a) lOX (b) 10- x (c) eX (d) e-
(I.I.T. Sc. 2001)
ax+b .
28. If f (x) = - - and (fof) x = x, then
a
38. The value of the parameter for which the function
cx+d f (x) = 1 + ax, a#:-O is the inverse of itself, is
(a) a=b=1 (b) d=a (a) -2 (b) -1
(c) 1 (d) 2 (Screening 1992)
(c) d=-a (d) a=b=c=d=l
39. (a) IfP and Q are the points ofintersectionofy = f (x)
29. If g (f (x)) = Isin x I and f (g (x)) = (sin ..Ix.)2 , then
2
and y = f- 1 (x), then
(a) f (x) =sin x,g (x) =..Ix.
(a) P and Q necessarily lie on the lin; y = x
(b) f (x) ';"sin x,g (x) =1 xl (b) P and Q must be coincident
(c) f~ x) =x ,g (x) =sin..lx. .
2
(c) Slope of PQ is-1
(d) f \fnd g cannot be determined (I.LT.1998) (d) None
 x (a) one-to-one and onto
.
(b) The Inverse 0f t h e f u ·
nctlOny = lOx-10- .
+ 11s
10 x
+I0 - x (b) one-to-one but NOT onto
(c) onto but NOT one-to-one
(a) y =10g10 ~ (b) y =.! 10g10 ~ (d) neither one-to-one nor onto (IJ.T: Sc. 2002)
2-x 2 2-x
x 46. 1:[0, 00) ~ [0, oo),f (x) = ~ is
(c) y =-11og10-- (d) none of these l+x
2 I-x
(a) one-one and onto
40. Suppose I (x) = (x + 1)2 for x ~ -1. If g (x) is the
(b) one-one but not onto
function whose graph is the reflection of the graph of (c) onto but not one-one
I (x) with respect to the line y = x, then g (x) equals
(d) neither one-one nor onto (Screening 2003)
(a)-JX-l. x~O (b) 1 ,x>-l
47. If I (x) ={O, when x~s~atio~al
(x :1-1)2 x, when x IS rrratlonal,
(c) ~x+l,x~-l (d) JX-l,x~O X, when x is rational
(I.tT. Sc. 2002) g (x) = { 0, when xis irrational
x - x
41. (a) The inverse ofthefunctionl (x) = e -e + 2is then I -g is
eX +e- x (a) one-one ante . (b) one:-one not onto
given by (c) not one-one but onto (d) not one-one not onto
1 x-2 _(b) .! log x-I (Screening 2005)
(a) -log-
2 x-I 2 3-x 48. If the function I: [1, 00) ~ [1, 00) is defined by
I (x) = 2x (x - 1l, then I - 1 (x) is
(c) .!IOg(~) (d) - 210g (Xl+x
-I)
~{1+~1+410g2
2 2- x l
(a) Gr(X-1 (b) x} .
(Kurukshetra 1996)
(b) Let I: N ~ Y be a function defined as (c) .! {1-~1 + 410g 2 x} (d) not defined
I (x) =4x+ 3, where Y ={y eN:y =4x+ 3 for 2 (I.I.T. 1999)
some x eN}. Show that I is invertible and its 49. If/: [1, 00 [ ~ [2, 00 [is given by I (x) =X + !then/-
1 (x)
inverse is: x
. 3y+4 y+3 equals
(a) g (y) = -.- (b) g (y) = 4 + -
3 4 x+~x2 -4 (b) _x_
y+3 y - 3 (a)
(c) g(y)=- (d) g(y) = - 2 1+x2
4 4
(AIEEE 2008) X_~X2 _~ .

42. The inverse of the function

(c) (d) 1. +~x2 - 4
2
(x) = log a (x + ~ x + 1)( a > 0, a -V 1.) is
I 2 (IJ.T. Sc. 2001)
50. Fundamental period of the function
(a) .!(a X _a-x) (b) not defined for all x 4
2 I (x) = sin 4 x + cos X=
(c) defined for x >0 (d) none of these (a) 7t (b) 27t (c) 7t/2 (d) None
2
43. If I (x) = sin x + cos x, g (x) = x -1, then g (f (x)) is 51. Fundamental period of I (x) = cos 6 X- sin 6 xis equal
invertible in domain to
1t 7t
(a) [-~" oJ (b) [-~,~J (c) [-~,7tJ (d) (0,7t)
(a) 27t
3
(b) 7t
3
(d)
6
(Screening 2004) 52. The period of the function I (x) =sin 4x + tan 2x is
44. Let I (x) = (x + 1)2 -1, (x ~ -1) then the set (a) 27t (b) 7t
1 (c) 7t/2 (d) none of these
S={x:/(x)=1- (x)} is

(a) {0,-1, -3~2.J3r (b) (0,1,-1)

53. The period of I (x) = 3 sin 7tX
3
+ 4 cos 7tX
4
is

(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 24 (d) 27t

(c) {0,-1} (d) empty 54. Which of the following functions has period 21t
45. Let function I :R ~ R be defined by I (x) = 2x + sin x
(i) sin 7tX + sin 7tX (ii) sin x + cos 2x
for x e R Then I is 3 4
 Differentiability .

. sin nx 68. Determine whether the function

55. If the perIod of be 41t then the value of
_ sin (x / n) sin {log (x + ~(x2 + 1) )} is
n, n e Z (the set of integers) is
(a) even (b) odd (c) constant (d) none
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
69. IfI and g be two functions, then prove the following :
56. Period of cos (x 2 ) is
(a) I odd, g odd => (log) is odd
(a) 21t (b) 41t2 (c) 1t2 /4 (d) none (b) I even, g even => (fog) is even
57. Let I (x) =cos ax + sin x be periodic. Then a must be (c) · I even, g odd => (fog) is even
(a) rational (b) irrational (d) I odd, g even => (fog) is even
(c) positive real number (d) none 70. Classify the following functions for being odd or even:
58. Which one of the following functions are periodic
(a) I (x) = x - [x], where [x] denotes the largest integer (a) I
x
(x) = xla +
aX -1
1)
less than or equal to the real number x
(b) I (x) =:= x sin (1 / x) for x* 0./ (0) =0 (b) I (x) =~1 + x+ x 2 -~l-X+ x 2
(c) I (x) =xcos x (c) I 2
(x) =x -I xl
(d) none of these
59. The period ofthe function I (x) = Isin x! + Icos x I is (d) [I (x) - I (-Xl] n
g (x) + g (-x)
(a) 1t/2 (b) 1t
. 4 4
(c) 21t (d) none of these (e) sm x + cos x
60. The period of the function I (x) = sin I ~ + Icos x I is 2
x+ x tan x

(a) 1t (b) 21t (c) 41t (d) none (f) log x 4 + x2 + 1 }

61. The function I (x) =1 cos xl is periodic with period
{ (x 2 + x+ 1)2

(a) 21t (b) 1t (c) ~ (d) ~ 71. If I (x) is an odd-periodic function with period 2, then '
2 4
I (4) equals -
62. Which of the following functions is periodic with (d) - 4
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 4
period 1t? (UT. 1991)
(a) I = xcos x
(x) (b) I (x) =1 cos xl
I
(c) (x) = sin 3x
72. I f ! [f (x)] =e - X I (x) + eX 1(- x), then f (x) is (given
(d) l(x)=[x+1t]
where [x] means the greatest integer not greater than x. 1(0) =0)
s
63. The period of I (x) =1 cos (x /2) Iis (a) an even (b) odd
(a) 1t (b) 21t (c) 41t (d) none (cLneither even nor odd (d) can't say

64. The period of I (x) =!

2
{I cos Ism
xl +
sin
X
c~s XI} is
x
73:'1t I:R -R such that I (x+ y) t I (x- y)
=2f(x) I (y) "d x, y eR and 1(0) * 0, then I (x) is an :
(a) _even function (b) odd function
(a) ~ (b) 1t (c) 21t (d) none (c) periodic function (d) none
2
65. Let I: R ~ Q be a continuous function such that 74. If I (x) isa function which is both odd and even then
I (3) = 10, then ____- I (3) - I (2) is equal to
(a) I (x) is always an even function (a) 1 (b) -1 (c) 0 (d) None
(b) I (x) is ~ay-s"'anodd function 75. I (x) is twice differentiable polynomial function such
(c) nothIllg can be said about I (x) being even or odd that 1(1) = 1, 1(2) = 4, 1(3) =9, then
(d) I (x) is an increasing function (a) I" (x) =2, "dxeR
(b) There exists at least one x e (1,3) such that
66. Thefunction/(x)=1x loge (l-x)dxiS I" (x) =2
l+x
(c) There exists at least one x e (2, 3) such that
(a) an even function (b) an odd function I' (x) =5 =I" (x)
(c) a periodic function (d) none of these (d) There exists at least one x e (1, 2t such that
67. The function I (x) =log (x + ~ x + 1) is I" (x) =3
2
(Screening 2005)

(a) an even function (b) an odd function 76. If f (x) is a differentiable function such that I :R ~ R
(c) periodic function (d) none of these and I (.;..) =0 "d n ~ 1, n e I, then
I A Icee "1\1\112\
 (a) f(x)=o 'ifxE(O,l] (iv) f(x)=xand~(x)=("x)2
(b) f (0) = 0 = f (0) I
(v) f
=log (x - 2) + log (x - 3) and
(x)
(c) f (0) =0 bpt f (0) mayor may not be 0
I
~ (x) =log (x - 2) (x - 3).
(d) If (x) I :s 1; 'if x E [0, 1] (Screening 2005) 2; The inverse of the function
77. If X and Yare two non-empty sets where f :X ~ Y is f(x) =[1- (x - 5) 3 ]1/5 is 5'+ (1- x 5 ) 1/3
function is defined such that f (c) = {j (x) : x E c} for
Ce;;;, X and f- 1 (D) ={x:f (x) ED} for De;;;, Y , for any 3. Let f(x)=lx+11+12 x +11. Then f(x) can be
Ae;;;, X and Be;;;, Y, then rewritten in the form
(a) f -1 (f (A)) =A f (x) = {2 x - x : x <-
2 x +x + 2 : x~-l
1
(b) f -1 (f(A)) =Aonly iff (x) =Y
(c) f (f -1 (B)) =B only if Be;;;, f (X)
4. The derivative of an even function is an odd function
whereas the derivative of an odd function is an even
(d) f (f - 1 (B)) =B (Screening 2005) function.
78. The largest interval lying in (_2!,2!)
22
for which the
.
function 1. If ~(x) = x 2 + 1 and", (x) =3 x , then
[f(X)=4-
x2
+cos-
1
(~-I)+lOg(cosX)] ~ ['" (x)] = ..... and '" [~(x)] = .... :
2. Classify the following functions for being even or odd:
is defined, is :
(i) x2 -Ixl
(a) [O,n] (b) (-~,~) (ii) sin x + cos x
x -x

[-~,~) [o,~)
... ) 0 - 0
(d) ( III - - -
(c)
(AIEEE 2007) o x +0 -x
(iv) sin [log (x + ~ x 2 + 1)]
1. Are the following functions identical ? 3. If f is an even function defined on the interval (- 5, 5),
(i) f (x) =x/ x and ~(x) =1. then four real values of x satisfying the equation
(ii) f (x) =log x 2 arid ~(x) =210g x. ,f (x) =f (:: ~) are ....... , ........ , ........ and ....i,·.·,·.T. 1996)
(iii) f (x) = 1 and ~(x) =sin 2 x + cos 2 X.