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INTRODUCTION

The document provides an overview of engineering mechanics, focusing on the effects of forces on rigid bodies, particularly in statics. It defines key concepts such as force systems, rigid bodies, and the principles of transmissibility, along with the axioms of mechanics like the parallelogram law and equilibrium conditions. Additionally, it distinguishes between scalar and vector quantities, highlighting their characteristics and examples.

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Hannah Erlen Gubat
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views

INTRODUCTION

The document provides an overview of engineering mechanics, focusing on the effects of forces on rigid bodies, particularly in statics. It defines key concepts such as force systems, rigid bodies, and the principles of transmissibility, along with the axioms of mechanics like the parallelogram law and equilibrium conditions. Additionally, it distinguishes between scalar and vector quantities, highlighting their characteristics and examples.

Uploaded by

Hannah Erlen Gubat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION Line of Action: A diagonal line making

an angle of 60° with the horizontal


Engineering Mechanics: defined as the axis.
science which considers the effects of Direction: The force points upwards
forces on rigid bodies. and to the right at a 60° angle to the
horizontal.
Statics: deals with the effects and distribution
of forces on rigid bodies which are and Principle of Transmissibility: the external
remain at rest. effect of a force on a rigid body remains
unchanged if the force is moved along its line
of action, provided the magnitude and
direction of the force remain the same.

FORCE SYSTEMS

FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND Force system is any arrangement where two


DEFINITIONS or more forces act on a body or on a group
of related bodies.
Rigid Body: defined as a definite amount of
matter the parts of which are fixed in Coplanar vs Non-coplanar Force System
position relative to each other. In simple ●​ Coplanar – The lines of action of all
terms, a rigid body is a solid object that the forces lie on the same plane.
doesn't deform or change shape. ●​ Non-coplanar – The lines of action of
all the forces do not lie on the same
Force: an agent that changes, or tends to plane.
change, the state of motion of a body.
●​ External Effect – changes the state of Other Force Systems Under Coplanar
motion Force System
●​ Internal Effect – produces stress and ●​ Concurrent – Forces whose lines of
deformation action intersect at a common point.
●​ Parallel – Forces whose lines of
Characteristics of a Force action are parallel with each other.
1.​ Magnitude – The magnitude of the ●​ Non-concurrent – Forces whose
force is the number that represents lines of action are neither parallel nor
the strength of the force. concurrent.
2.​ Position (Line of Action) – The
imaginary straight line along which a
force acts in space.
3.​ Direction – The orientation of the
force vector in space, typically
expressed in terms of angles, unit
vectors, or components along
coordinate axes.

Example of a Force:
Imagine a 100 N force acting on an
object.
Magnitude: 100 N
AXIOMS OF MECHANICS PARALLELOGRAM LAW
Axiom of mechanics: refers to a fundamental ●​ The resultant of two forces is the
principle or assumption in mechanics diagonal of the parallelogram formed
that is accepted as true without requiring on the vectors of these forces.
proof. ●​ A method of adding force vectors
geometrically.
I. Parallelogram Law: The resultant of
two forces is the diagonal of the
parallelogram
formed on the vectors of these forces.

II. Two forces are in equilibrium only


when equal in magnitude, opposite in
direction, and collinear.
TRIANGLE LAW
III. A set of forces in equilibrium may ●​ It is a convenient corollary (secondary
be added to any system of forces result derived from) of the
without changing parallelogram law.
the effect of the original system ●​ A method of adding force vectors
. geometrically.
IV. Action and reaction forces are
equal but oppositely directed.

SCALAR AND VECTOR QUANTITIES

Scalar Quantities
Scalars have only magnitude (size or LAWS OF SINE AND COSINE
amount).
Examples:
Distance (e.g., 5 meters)
Speed (e.g., 20 m/s)
Time (e.g., 30 seconds)
Key Point: Scalars don’t have a
direction; they only tell you "how
much."

Vector Quantities
Vectors have both magnitude and direction.
Examples:
Displacement (e.g., 5 meters north)
Velocity (e.g., 20 m/s upward)
Force (e.g., 50 N to the right)
Key Point: Vectors tell you "how
much" and "which way."

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