Task 1: After completing one revolution starting from the initial line, point A is

observed to have coordinates ((-3^1/2)/2, 1/2) on the unit circle. Using that information,
please answer the following questions:

(i) Calculate all 6 values of the trigonometric functions (clearly state the formulae used
to calculate these functions).

Given that point A has coordinates ((-3^1/2)/2, 1/2) on the unit circle, we can determine the
six trigonometric functions.

The coordinates of a point on the unit circle are given by (cos θ, sin θ).

Thus for Point A: (cos θ = -3^1/2, sin θ = 1/2)

Using the values to calculate the six trigonometric functions.

1. Sine (sin θ) = 1/2

2. Cosine (cos θ) = -3^1/2
3. Tangent (tan θ) = sin θ/ cos θ = (1/2)/(-3^1/2) = -1/3^1/2 = (-3^1/2)/3
4. Cotangent (cot θ) = 1/ tan θ = 1/(-3^1/2)/3 = -3^1/2
5. Secant (sec θ) = 1/ cos θ = 1/(-3^1/2) = -2/(3^1/2) = -2(3^1/2)/3
6. Cosecant (csc θ) = 1/ sin θ = 1/(1/2) = 2

Therefore, the six trigonometric function values are:

Sine (sin θ) = 1/2

Cosine (cos θ) = -3^1/2

Tangent (tan θ) = (-3^1/2)/3

Cotangent (cot θ) = -3^1/2

Secant (sec θ) = -2(3^1/2)/3

Cosecant (csc θ) = 2.

(Abramson, 2023).

(ii) Determine the quadrant in which the point lies and provide the reason.

To determine the quadrant in which the point A((-3^1/2)/2, 1/2) lies, we need to analyze the
signs of the x-coordinate (cosine) and y-coordinate (sine).

The x-coordinate (cosine) is -3^1/2, which is negative.

The y-coordinate (sine) is 1/2, which is positive.

The unit circle is divided into four quadrants:

Quadrant I: x > 0, y > 0

Quadrant II: x < 0, y > 0

Quadrant III: x < 0, y < 0

Quadrant IV: x > 0, y < 0

When you observe the x-coordinate and y-coordinate:

The x-coordinate (cosine) is -3^1/2, which is negative.

The y-coordinate (sine) is 1/2, which is positive.

Thus, Point A lies in Quadrant II with the reason being the cosine (x-coordinate) is negative
and the sine (y-coordinate) is positive which matches with the coordinates of point A ((-
3^1/2)/2, 1/2).

(Abramson, 2023).

(iii) Calculate the angle formed by point A and the reference angle with the positive X-
axis.

Cosine (cos θ) = -3^1/2

Sine (sin θ) = ½

From the unit circle and the known values, these cosine and sine values correspond to an
angle θ in Quadrant II. The reference angle α is the acute angle that θ makes with the x-axis.

To find the reference angle α, we use the fact that the cosine of the reference angle is the
absolute value of the cosine of the angle in question, and the sine of the reference angle is the
same as the sine of the angle in question.

cos α = |cos θ | = 3^1/2 , sin α = sin θ = 1/2.

The reference angle α that has these cosine and sine values is:

α = 30o

Since point A is in Quadrant II, the angle θ formed with the positive x-axis is given by:

θ = 180o - α = 180o - 30o = 150o

Thus, the angle θ formed by point A with the positive x-axis is 150o and the reference angle is
30o (Abramson, 2023).

Task 2:
Alice had been standing on the ground (Point A) and observing a brightly colored
object resembling a bird on the top of a tree at a distance of 4 meters from the tree. She
decided to get a closer look by moving 2 meters closer to the tree (Point B). After
moving closer, she realized that the object was not a bird but something that she could
catch. Then, she decided to catch it by climbing the tree, which had a height of 6 meters
from the ground.

Using the above scenario, please answer the following questions showing step by step
calculations and stating the formulae.

(i) Find the angles formed by Alice at the points A and B relative to the top of the tree.
What are these angles called as?

To solve for the angles formed by Alice at points A and B relative to the top of the tree, we
can use trigonometry. These angles are called angles of elevation.

Given:

Height of the tree (opposite side of the triangle): h = 6 meters

Distance from Alice to the base of the tree at point A (adjacent side of the triangle): d A = 4
meters

Distance from Alice to the base of the tree at point B (adjacent side of the triangle): d B = 2
meters

Angle of Elevation at Point A

We use the tangent function to find the angle of elevation θA at point A:

tan θA = opposite/adjuscent = h/dA

tan θA = 6/4 = 1.5

To θA find , take the arctangent (inverse tangent) of both sides:

θA = tan-1(1.5)

Using a calculator, θA ≈ 56.31o

Angle of Elevation at Point B

Similarly, we use the tangent function to find the angle of elevation θB at point B:

tan θB = opposite/adjuscent = h/dB

tan θB = 6/2 = 3

To θB find , take the arctangent (inverse tangent) of both sides:

θB = tan-1(3)

Using a calculator, θB ≈ 71.57o

Therefore, The angle of elevation at point A is approximately 56.31o and The angle of
elevation at point B is approximately 71.57o.

These angles are called angles of elevation because they are measured upwards from the
horizontal line of sight to the top of the tree (Mathispower4u, 2011).

(ii) Determine whether angle A is larger than angle B. Make a conclusion about the
comparison of angles when observing an object from a distance versus close.

Based on the calculations,

Angle of elevation at point A(θA) is approximately 56.31o

Angle of elevation at point B(θB) is approximately 71.57o

We can notice that angle B > angle A.

Thus, Angle B is greater than Angle A.

Conclusively, A closer observation of an object results in a larger angle of elevation than a

farther observation of the same object. This phenomenon occurs when an observer
approaches an object, the object's horizontal distance decreases and its vertical height stays
constant. This results in a steeper line of sight and a greater angle of elevation
(Mathispower4u, 2011).

(iii) Find the distances between the object and points A and B.

The Pythagorean theorem can be used to calculate the distances between the object (the top
of the tree) and points A and B. Right triangles are formed by the tree, Alice's distance from
the tree, and Alice's line of sight to the top of the tree.

Given:

Height of the tree (opposite side of the triangle): h = 6 meters

Distance from Alice to the base of the tree at point A (adjacent side of the triangle): d A = 4
meters

Distance from Alice to the base of the tree at point B (adjacent side of the triangle): d B = 2
meters

Distance from Point A to the Object (top of the tree)

Using the Pythagorean theorem:

Distance = ((opposite)2 + (adjuscent)2)^1/2

For point A:

DistanceA = (h2 + d2A)^1/2

DistanceA = (62 + 42)^1/2

DistanceA = (36 + 16)^1/2

DistanceA = 52^1/2

DistanceA ≈ 7.21 meters

Distance from Point B to the Object (top of the tree)

For point B:

DistanceB = (h2 + d2B)^1/2

DistanceB = (62 + 22)^1/2

DistanceB = (36 + 4)^1/2

DistanceB = 40^1/2

DistanceB ≈ 6.32 meters

(Mathispower4u, 2011).

Task 3: Answer the following questions by including the steps and formulas:

(a) Write the equation sine or cosine function with the given properties: Midline = 5,
Amplitude = 13, Period = 2π, and Phase Shift = 0.

We'll use the general form of the sine and cosine functions to write the equation of a sine or
cosine function with the specified properties. The properties given are:

Midline = 5

Amplitude = 13

Period = 2π

Phase Shift = 0

The general form for a sine function is:

y = Asin(B(x - C)) + D
The general form for a cosine function is:

y = Acos(B(x - C)) + D

where,

A is the Amplitude

B affects the period

C is the phase shift

D is the midline

Remember,

The period T is the length of one complete cycle of the function. Given as:

T = 2π

The period T is related to B by the formula

T = 2π/B

Solve for B:

2π = 2π/B

B=1

Substituting the values into the equations:

Sine Function:

Using the values found, the equation for the sine function is:

y = 13sin(x) + 5

Cosine Function:

Using the values found, the equation for the cosine function is:

y = 13cos(x) + 5

Both functions have a midline of 5, an amplitude of 13, a period of 2π, and no phase shift.

(Mathispower4u, 2011).

(b) For a trigonometric equation y = 15 tan (πx/3 + 2), find its stretching factor, period,
phase shift, vertical asymptotes, and domain.
Given the trigonometric equation:

y = 15 tan (πx/3 + 2)

Stretching Factor:

The tangent function's coefficient, which influences the amplitude, is known as the stretching
factor. This coefficient affects the vertical stretch but not the period for the tangent function.

Stretching Factor = 15

Period:

The period T if the tangent function is given by:

T = π/|B|

where B is the coefficient of x inside the tangent function. Here, B = π/3.

T = π/|(π/3)| = π/(π/3) = 3

The period of the function is 3.

Phase Shift:

The phase shift C is determined by solving for x when the argument of the tangent function is
zero.

The general form for the phase shift is:

tan (Bx + C)

Here the phase shift C is determined from:

πx/3 + 2 = 0

Solve for x

πx/3 = -2

x = -6/π

Thus, the phase shift is -6/π.

Vertical Asymptotes:

For the tangent function, vertical asymptotes occur where the argument of the tangent
function is an odd multiple of π/2:

πx/3 + 2 = (2n + 1) π/2

Solve for x
πx/3 = (2n + 1) π/2 - 2

x = 3/π((2n + 1) π/2 - 2)

x = 3/π * π/2 (2n + 1) - 6/π

x = 3/2(2n + 1) - 6/π

x = 3n + 3/2 - 6/π

Thus, the vertical asymptotes are at x = 3n + 3/2 - 6/π for integer n.

Domain:

The domain of the tangent function is all real numbers except where the function has vertical
asymptotes. Thus, the domain is:

x ≠ 3n + 3/2 - 6/π.

(Mathispower4u, 2011)

(c) Find the coordinates of points a, b, c, d, e and f on the following graph, stating the
graph represents either a sine or cosine function.

We can look at the graphed function's properties in relation to both sine and cosine functions
to ascertain which one it is.

Both y = sin(x) and y = cos(x) have ranges of [-1, 1].

The cosine function's y-intercept is at (0, 1), whereas the sine function's y-intercept is at the
origin (0, 0).

There are x-intercepts for the sine function at (180°n, 0) and for the cosine function at
(90°+180°n, 0), where n is an integer, for both functions, which show periodicity every 360°.

Consequently, the graph corresponds to the cosine function, y = cos(x), based on the
properties of the graphed function.

All vertical gridlines on the graph represent a 45° increment, with each 180° increment along
the x-axis being divided into four smaller parts. Points a, b, c, d, and e can all have their
coordinates found using this information:

The x-coordinates of points a, b, c, d and e are:

a is at -315o

b is at -135o

c is at -90o

d is at 135o

e is at 180o

f is at 225o

With the unit circle, we can determine the exact values of cos(x):

cos (-315o) = sqrt(2)/2

cos (-135o) = sqrt(-2)/2

cos (-90o) = 0

cos (135o) = sqrt(-2)/2

cos (180o) = -1

cos (225o) = sqrt(-2)/2

Thus the coordinates of points a, b, c, d, e and f are:

A (-315o , sqrt(2)/2)

B (-135o , sqrt(-2)/2)

C (-90o , 0)

D (135o , sqrt(-2)/2)

E (180o , -1)

F (225o , sqrt(-2)/2).

(Mathispower4u, 2011).
Task 4:

Based on the table given, answer the following questions:

X 0 π/3 2π/3 π/2 π 4π/3 2π

Y = f(X)
f-1(Y)

(i) Please fill the table with your preferred trigonometric function, denoted as Y = f(X)
and its corresponding inverse function, denoted as f-1(Y).

Let's choose the sine function y = sin(X) as the trigonometric function for this exercise. We
will fill the table with y = sin(X) and its corresponding inverse function f-1(Y) = arcsin(Y).

X 0 π/3 2π/3 π/2 π 4π/3 2π

Y= 0 sqrt(3)/2 sqrt(3)/2 1 0 sqrt(-3)/2 0

sin(X)

f-1(Y) = 0 π/3 π/3 π/2 0 - π/3 0

arcsin(Y)

Note that the values in the table for f-1(Y) = arcsin(Y) correspond to angles within the
principal range [-π/2 , π/2]. For Y = sqrt(3)/2, the value of arcsin(Y) is π/3, and for Y = sqrt(-
3)/2, the value of arcsin(Y) is - π/3.

(Mathispower4u, 2010).

(ii) Utilize the graphing tool to depict both functions Y = f(X) and f-1(Y) on the same
graph.

Graph of Y = f(X) and f-1(Y)

(iii) Observe the tabular values and the graphs of Y = f(X) and f-1(Y), answer the
following:

a. Examine the periodicity of the chosen trigonometric function, Y = f(X), as presented

in the table.

The function Y = f(X) depicted by y = sin(X) is a periodic function. To examine its

periodicity, we look at the values presented in the table and the graph.

A function is periodic if it repeats its values at regular intervals. For the sine function y =
sin(X), the periodic interval is 2π. We can observe from the table that the sine function values
repeat every 2π. The sine function reaches the same values at x = 0, x = π, and x = 2π,
indicating a periodicity of 2π.

Between 0 and 2π, the sine function completes one full cycle: rising from 0 to 1, descending
back to 0, continuing to -1, and returning to 0 (Mathispower4u, 2010).

b. Discuss the domain and range of both Y = f(X) and f-1(Y).

For y = sin(X):

Domain: The sine function is defined for all real numbers.

Hence, the domain of y = sin(X) is (−∞ , ∞).

Range: The sine function oscillates between -1 and 1.

Hence, the range of y = sin(X) is [-1 , 1].

For y = arcsin(X):

Domain: The arcsine function is defined only for values of x within the range of the sine
function, i.e., [-1 , 1].

Hence, the domain of y = arcsin(X) is [-1 , 1].

Range: The arcsine function outputs angles in the range [-π/2 , π/2].

Hence, the range of y = arcsin(X) is [-π/2 , π/2].

These domain and range properties are consistent with the sine and arcsine functions'
properties, which are as follows: the sine function is periodic and continuous over all of the
real numbers, while the arcsine function is the inverse function that is restricted to the angle's
principal values (Mathispower4u, 2010).

c. Determine whether the function Y = f(X) demonstrates even, odd, or neither.

To determine whether the function y = sin(X) is even, odd, or neither, we need to check its
symmetry properties.

 Even Function: A function f(x) is even if f(-x) = f(x) or all x in the domain.

 Odd Function: A function f(x) is odd if f(-x) = -f(x) for all x in the domain.

Checking y = sin(X):

Using the property of the sine function: sin(-X) = -sin(X).

Compare sin(-X) with sin(X):

sin(-X) = - sin(X)

Since sin(-X) is equal to -sin(X), the sine function satisfies the condition for being an odd
function.

The function y = sin(X) is an odd function because sin(-X) = -sin(X) for all X. This is
confirmed by the symmetry of the sine function about the origin, indicating that it is odd.

References:
Abramson, J. (2021). Algebra and trigonometry (2nd ed.).
OpenStax. https://openstax.org/details/books/algebra-and-trigonometry-2e licensed under CC
4.0

Mathispower4u. (2011a, May 24). Example: Determine What Trig Function Relates Specific
Sides of a Right Triangle [Video file].

Mathispower4u. (2010a, Mar 1). Determine Trigonometric Function Values Using the Unit
Circle [Video file].

Mathispower4u. (2011b, May 26). More Examples: Determining Trig Function Values Using
the Unit Circle [Video file].

Mathispower4u. (2010b, May 11). Graphing sine and cosine with transformations [Video
file].

Mathispower4u. (2011c, June 3). Examples: Evaluate expression involving inverse trig
functions (Part 1) [Video file].