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Java Lesson 7

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2 views

Java Lesson 7

Uploaded by

keeleywebna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Content

Java Lesson 7 • Loops

Java From Scratch • Java While Loop


• The Do/While Loop
• Java For Loop
• Nested Loops
• Java For Each Loop
• Java Break
• Java Continue
• Break and Continue in
While Loop
• Break Example
• Continue Example
Java While Loop
Loops
Loops can execute a block of code as long as a specified condition is reached.
Loops are handy because they save time, reduce errors, and they make code more readable.
Java While Loop
The while loop loops through a block of code as long as a specified condition is true:
Syntax
while (condition) {
// code block to be executed
}
In the example below, the code in the loop will run, over and over again, as long as a variable (i) is less than 5:
Example
int i = 0;
while (i < 5) {
System.out.println(i);
i++;
}

Note: Do not forget to increase the variable used in the condition, otherwise the loop will never end!
The Do/While Loop
The do/while loop is a variant of the while loop. This loop will execute the code block once, before
checking if the condition is true, then it will repeat the loop as long as the condition is true.
Syntax
do {
// code block to be executed
}
while (condition);
The example below uses a do/while loop. The loop will always be executed at least once, even if the
condition is false, because the code block is executed before the condition is tested:
Example
int i = 0;
do {
System.out.println(i);
i++;
}
while (i < 5);
Do not forget to increase the variable used in the condition, otherwise the loop will never end!
Exercise:
Print i as long as i is less than 6.
int i = 1;
(i < 6) {
System.out.println(i);
;
}
Java For Loop
When you know exactly how many times you want to loop through a block of code, use the for loop
instead of a while loop:
Syntax
for (statement 1; statement 2; statement 3) {
// code block to be executed
}

Statement 1 is executed (one time) before the execution of the code block.
Statement 2 defines the condition for executing the code block.
Statement 3 is executed (every time) after the code block has been executed.
The example below will print the numbers 0 to 4:
Example
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(i);
}

Example explained
Statement 1 sets a variable before the loop starts (int i = 0).
Statement 2 defines the condition for the loop to run (i must be less than 5). If the condition is true,
the loop will start over again, if it is false, the loop will end.
Statement 3 increases a value (i++) each time the code block in the loop has been executed.
Another Example
This example will only print even values between 0 and 10:
Example
for (int i = 0; i <= 10; i = i + 2) {
System.out.println(i);
}

Nested Loops
It is also possible to place a loop inside another loop. This is called a nested loop.
The "inner loop" will be executed one time for each iteration of the "outer loop":
Example
// Outer loop
for (int i = 1; i <= 2; i++) {
System.out.println("Outer: " + i); // Executes 2 times

// Inner loop
for (int j = 1; j <= 3; j++) {
System.out.println(" Inner: " + j); // Executes 6 times (2 * 3)
}
}
Java For Each Loop
For-Each Loop

There is also a "for-each" loop, which is used exclusively to loop through elements in an array:

Syntax
for (type variableName : arrayName) {
// code block to be executed
}

The following example outputs all elements in the cars array, using a "for-each" loop:

Example
String[] cars = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford", "Mazda"};
for (String i : cars) {
System.out.println(i);
}

Exercise:

Use a for loop to print "Yes" 5 times.

(int i = 0; i < 5; ) {
System.out.println( );
}
Java Break and Continue
Java Break
You have already seen the break statement used in an earlier chapter of this tutorial. It was used to
"jump out" of a switch statement.
The break statement can also be used to jump out of a loop.
This example stops the loop when i is equal to 4:
Example
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (i == 4) {
break;
}
System.out.println(i);
}
Java Continue
The continue statement breaks one iteration (in the loop), if a specified condition occurs, and continues
with the next iteration in the loop.
This example skips the value of 4:
Example
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (i == 4) {
continue;
}
System.out.println(i);
}

Break and Continue in While Loop


You can also use break and continue in while loops:
Break Example Continue Example
int i = 0; int i = 0;
while (i < 10) { while (i < 10) {
System.out.println(i); if (i == 4) {
i++; i++;
if (i == 4) { continue;
break; }
} System.out.println(i);
} i++;
}
Exercise:
Stop the loop if i is 5.
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (i == 5) {
;
}
System.out.println(i);
}

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