LONG JUMP

Edwardo Hutajulu 11th Grade of Science Program Senior High School Pyshic, Sport, and Health Education

Foreword
Back we give thanks to our God, for all of Thy blessing that He had gave to us, so that i could finish this exam.Long Jump was an athletic event in sport. The long jump is an athletics (track and field) event in which athletes combine speed, strength, and agility in an attempt to leap as far from the take-off point as possible. May what i have done will be useful for us to know deeper about long jump.May God will and always bless us.

Edo

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Table of Contents
FOREWORD......................................................................................................................2 TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................3 PREFACE...........................................................................................................................4 HISTORY...........................................................................................................................5 EXPLANATION..................................................................................................................6 A. The Approach......................................................................................................6 B. The Last Two Strides ...........................................................................................6 C. Take-off ...............................................................................................................6 D. Action In The Air and Landing..............................................................................7 E. Training................................................................................................................7 WORLD RECORD PROGRESSION......................................................................................9 TOP TEN PERFORMERS..................................................................................................11 BEST YEAR PERFORMANCE............................................................................................12 NATIONAL RECORDS......................................................................................................14 LONG JUMP ON COINAGE..............................................................................................15 ENDING..........................................................................................................................16

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Preface
The long jump is an athletics (track and field) event in which athletes combine speed, strength, and agility in an attempt to leap as far from the take-off point as possible.Competitors sprint down a runway and jump as far as they can from behind a foul line into a pit filled with finely ground gravel or sand. The distance traveled by a jumper is often referred to as the "mark" .If the competitor starts the leap with any part of the foot past the foul line, the jump is declared illegal and no distance is recorded. At the elite level, a layer of plasticine is placed immediately after the board to detect this occurrence. Otherwise, an official will observe the jump and make the determination. The competitor can initiate the jump from any point behind the foul line; however, the distance measured will always be from the foul line. Therefore, it is in the best interest of the competitor to get as close to the foul line as possible. Usually, each competitor has a set number of attempts to make his or her longest jump, and only the longest legal jump counts towards the results. Higher level competitions are split into two rounds: trials and finals. In competitions containing a final round, only a select number of competitors are invited to return for further competition. The number of competitors chosen to return to the final round is determined before the start of the meet by a committee composed of coaches and officials. It is standard practice to allow one more competitor than the number of scoring positions to return to the final round. For example, if a given meet allows the top eight competitors to score points, then the top nine competitors will be selected to compete in the final round. Taking an extra competitor to the final round helps to allow that athlete to move into a scoring position if the competitor can improve on his or her best mark of the competition. Final rounds are viewed as an additional three jumps, as they do not have any priority to those scored in the trial round. The competitor with the longest legal jump at the end of competition is declared the winner. There are four main components of the long jump: the approach run, the last two strides, takeoff and action in the air, and landing. Speed in the run-up, or approach, and a high leap off the board are the fundamentals of success. Because speed is such an important factor of the approach, it is not surprising that many long jumpers also compete successfully in sprints. The long jump is notable for two of the longest-standing world records in any track and field event. In 1935, Jesse Owens set a long jump world record that was not broken until 1960 by Ralph Boston. Later, Bob Beamon jumped 8.90 meters (29 feet, 2-1/2 inches) at the 1968 Summer Olympics at an altitude of 7,349 feet, a jump not exceeded until 1991. On August 30 of that year, Mike Powell of the United States, in a well-known show down against Carl Lewis, leapt 8.95 m (29.4 ft) at the World Championships in Tokyo, setting the current men's world record. Some jumps over 8.95 m (29.4 ft) have been officially recorded (8.99 m/29.5 ft by Mike Powell himself, 8.96 m/29.4 ft by Ivan Pedroso), but were not validated since there was either no reliable wind speed measurement available, or because wind speed exceeded 2.0 m/s. Lewis himself jumped 8.91m just before Powell's record-breaking jump with the wind exceeding the maximum allowed; this jump remains the longest never to win Olympic or World Championship gold. The current world record for women is held by Galina Chistyakova of the former Soviet Union who leapt 7.53 m (24.7 ft) in Leningrad in 1988.

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History
The long jump was one of the events of the original Olympics in Ancient Greece. The athletes carried a weight in each hand, which were called halteres. These weights were swung forward as the athlete jumped in order to increase momentum. It Halteres used in athletic games in ancient is commonly believed that the jumper would throw Greece. the weights behind him in mid-air to increase his forward momentum; however, halteres were held throughout the duration of the jump. Swinging them down and back at the end of the jump would change the athlete's center of gravity and allow the athlete to stretch his legs outward, increasing his distance. Most notable in the ancient sport was a man called Chionis, who in the 656BC Olympics staged a jump of 7.05 meters (23 feet and 1.7 inches). The long jump has been part of modern Olympic competition since the inception of the Games in 1896. In 1914, Dr. Harry Eaton Stewart recommended the "running broad jump" as a standardized track and field event for women. However, it was not until 1928 that women were allowed to compete in the event at the Olympic level.

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EXPLANATION
A. The approach
The objective of the approach is to gradually accelerate to a maximum controlled speed at takeoff. The most important factor for the distance traveled by an object is its velocity at takeoff - both the speed and angle. Elite jumpers usually leave the ground at an angle of twenty degrees or less; therefore, it is more beneficial for a jumper to focus on the speed component of the jump. The greater the speed at takeoff, the longer the trajectory of the center of mass will be. The importance of a takeoff speed is a factor in the success of sprinters in this event. The length of the approach is usually consistent distance for an athlete. Approaches can vary between 12 and 19 strides on the novice and intermediate levels, while at the elite level they are closer to between 20 and 22 strides. The exact distance and number of strides in an approach depends on the jumper's experience, sprinting technique, and conditioning level. Consistency in the approach is important as it is the competitor's objective to get as close to the front of the takeoff board as possible without crossing the line with any part of the foot. Inconsistent approaches are a common problem in the event. As a result the approach is usually practiced by athletes about 6-8 times per jumping session (see Training below).

B. The last two strides

The objective of the last two strides is to prepare the body for takeoff while conserving as much speed as possible. The penultimate (second to last) stride is longer than the last stride. The competitor begins to lower his or her center of gravity to prepare the body for the vertical impulse. The final stride is shorter because the body is beginning to raise the center of gravity in preparation for takeoff. The last two strides are extremely important because they determine the velocity with which the competitor will enter the jump.

C. Takeoff
The objective of the takeoff is to create a vertical impulse through the athlete's center of gravity while maintaining balance and control. This phase is one of the most technical parts of the long jump. Jumpers must be conscious to place the foot flat on the ground, because jumping off either the heels or the toes negatively affects the jump. Taking off from the board heel-first has a braking effect, which decreases velocity and strains the joints. Jumping off the toes decreases stability, putting the leg at risk of buckling or collapsing from underneath the jumper. While concentrating on foot placement, the athlete must also work to maintain

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proper body position, keeping the torso upright and moving the hips forward and up to achieve the maximum distance from board contact to foot release. There are four main styles of takeoff: the kick style, double-arm style, sprint takeoff, and the power sprint or bounding takeoff.

1. Kick
The kick style takeoff is a style of takeoff where the athlete actively cycles the leg before a full impulse has been directed into the board then landing into the pit.

2. Double-arm
The double-arm style of takeoff works by moving both arms in a vertical direction as the competitor takes off. This produces a high hip height and a large vertical impulse.

3. Sprint
The sprint takeoff is the style most widely instructed by coaching staff. This is a classic single-arm action that resembles a jumper in full stride. It is an efficient takeoff style for maintaining velocity through takeoff.

4. Power sprint or bounding

The power sprint takeoff, or bounding takeoff, is arguably one of the most effective styles. Very similar to the sprint style, the body resembles a sprinter in full stride. However, there is one major difference. The arm that pushes back on takeoff (the arm on the side of the takeoff leg) fully extends backward, rather than remaining at a bent position. This additional extension increases the impulse at takeoff. The "correct" style of takeoff will vary from athlete to athlete.

D. Action in the air and landing

There are three major flight techniques for the long jump: the hang, the sail and the hitch-kick. Each technique is to combat the forward rotation experienced from take-off but is basically down to preference from the athlete. It is important to note that once the body is airborne, there is nothing that the athlete can do to change the direction they are travelling and consequently where they are going to land in the pit. However, it can be argued that certain techniques influence an athlete's landing, which can have an impact on distance measured. For example, if an athlete lands feet first but falls back because they are not correctly balanced, a lower distance will be measured.

E. Training
The long jump generally requires training in a variety of areas. These areas include, but are not limited to, those listed below.

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1. Jumping
Long Jumpers tend to practice jumping 1-2 times a week. Approaches, or runthroughs, are repeated sometimes up to 6-8 times per session.

2. Over-distance running
Over-distance running workouts helps the athlete jump a further distance than their set goal. For example, having a 100m runner practice by running 200m repeats on a track. This is specifically concentrated in the season when athletes are working on building endurance. Specific over-distance running workouts are performed 1-2 times a week. This is great for building sprint endurance, which is required in competitions where the athlete is sprinting down the runway 3-6 times.

3. Weight training
During pre-season training and early in the competition season weight training tends to play a major role. It is customary for a long jumper to weight train up to 4 times a week, focusing mainly on quick movements involving the legs and trunk. Some athletes perform Olympic lifts in training. Athletes use low repetition and emphasize speed to maximize the strength increase while minimizing adding additional weight to their frame.

4. Plyometrics
Plyometrics, including running up and down stairs and hurdle bounding, can be incorporated into workouts, generally twice a week. This allows an athlete to work on agility and explosiveness.

5. Bounding
Bounding is any sort of continuous jumping or leaping. Bounding drills usually require single leg bounding, double-leg bounding, or some variation of the two. The focus of bounding drills is usually to spend less time on the ground as possible and working on technical accuracy, fluidity, and jumping endurance and strength. Technically, bounding is part of plyometrics, as a form of a running exercise such as high knees and butt kicks.

6. Flexibility
Flexibility is an often forgotten tool for long jumpers. Effective flexibility prevents injury, which can be important for high impact events such as the long jump. It also helps the athlete sprint down the runway. A common tool in many long jump workouts is the use of video taping. This lets the athlete to go back and watch their own progress as well as letting the athlete compare their own footage to that of some of the world class jumpers. Training styles, duration, and intensity varies immensely from athlete to athlete and is based on the experience and strength of the athlete as well as on their coaching style.

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World Record Progression

Men

World record progression for the Long Jump

MARK 7.61 7.69 7.76 7.89 7.90 7.93 7.98 8.13 8.21 8.24 8.28 8.31 8.31 8.34 8.35 8.35 8.90

ATHLETE Peter O'Connor (IRL)* Edward Gourdin (USA) Robert LeGendre (USA) William DeHart Hubbard (USA) Edward Hamm (USA) Sylvio Cator (HAI) Chuhei Nambu (JPN) Jesse Owens (USA) Ralph Boston (USA) Ralph Boston (USA) Ralph Boston (USA) Igor Ter-Ovanesyan (URS) Ralph Boston (USA) Ralph Boston (USA) Ralph Boston (USA) Igor Ter-Ovanesyan (URS) Bob Beamon (USA)

VENUE Dublin Cambridge Paris Chicago Cambridge Paris Tokyo Ann Arbor Walnut Modesto Moscow Yerevan Kingston Los Angeles Modesto Mexico City Mexico City

DATE 1901-08-05 1923-07-23 1924-07-07 1925-06-13 1928-07-07 1928-09-09 1931-10-27 1935-05-25 1960-08-12 1961-05-27 1961-07-16 1962-06-10 1964-08-15 1964-09-12 1965-05-29 1967-10-19 1968-10-18
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8.95

Mike Powell (USA)

Tokyo

1991-08-30

*Ireland in 1901 was still part of the United Kingdom; however O'Connor considered himself Irish and was competing on this occasion as a member of the Irish Amateur Athletic Association. In the source above he is listed as "GBI/IRL".

Women
MARK 5.98 6.12 6.25 6.28 6.28 6.31 6.35 6.35 6.40 6.42 6.48 6.53 6.70 6.76 6.82 6.84 6.92 6.99 7.07 7.09 7.20 7.21 7.43 7.44 7.45 7.45 7.45 7.52 ATHLETE Kinue Hitomi (JPN) Christel Schultz (Germany) Francina BlankersKoen (NED) Yvette Williams (NZL) Galina Vinogradova (URS) Galina Vinogradova (URS) Elzbieta Krzesinska (POL) Elzbieta Krzesinska (POL) Hildrun Claus (GDR) Hildrun Claus (GDR) Tatjana Shtshelkanova (URS) Tatjana Shtshelkanova (URS) Tatjana Shtshelkanova (URS) Mary Rand (GBR) Viorica Viscopoleanu (ROU) Heide Rosendahl (FRG) Angela Voigt (GDR) Siegrun Siegl (GDR) Vilma Bardauskien (URS) Vilma Bardauskien (URS) Valy Ionescu (ROU) Anioara Cumir (ROU) Anioara Cumir (ROU) Heike Drechsler (GDR) Heike Drechsler (GDR) Heike Drechsler (GDR) Jackie Joyner-Kersee (USA) Galina Chistyakova (URS) VENUE Osaka Berlin Leiden Gisborne Moscow Tbilisi Budapest Melbourne Erfurt Berlin Moscow Leipzig Moscow Tokyo Mexico City Turin Dresden Dresden Kishinyov Prague Bucharest Bucharest Bucharest Berlin Tallinn Dresden Dresden Leningrad DATE 1928-05-20 1939-07-30 1943-09-19 1954-02-20 1955-09-11 1955-11-18 1956-08-20 1956-11-27 1960-08-07 1961-06-23 1961-07-16 1962-06-10 1964-07-04 1964-10-14 1968-10-14 1970-09-03 1976-05-09 1976-07-26 1978-08-18 1978-08-29 1982-08-01 1983-05-15 1983-06-04 1985-09-22 1986-06-21 1986-07-03 1987-08-13 1988-06-11

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Top Ten Performers

Accurate as of September 2, 2009.

Men
Mark* Wind** Athlete 8.95 0.3 Mike Powell 8.90A 8.87 8.86A 8.74 8.74A 8.74 8.73 8.71 8.66
*

2.0 -0.2 1.9 1.4 2.0 -1.2 1.2 1.9 1.6

**

Bob Beamon Carl Lewis Robert Emmiyan Larry Myricks Erick Walder Dwight Phillips Irving Saladino Ivn Pedroso Lois Tstoumas

Nationality United States United States United States Soviet Union United States United States United States Panama Cuba Greece

Venue Tokyo Mexico City Tokyo

Date August 30, 1991 October 18, 1968 August 30, 1991

Tsakhkadzor May 22, 1987 Indianapolis El Paso Eugene Hengelo Salamanca Kalamta July 18, 1988 April 2, 1994 June 7, 2009 May 24, 2008 July 18, 1995 June 2, 2007

(meters), (metres/second) A = Altitude (above 1000 metres)

Women
Mark* Wind**
7.52 7.49 7.48 7.43 7.42 7.39 7.37 7.33 7.31 7.31
*

Athlete
Galina Chistyakova Jackie Joyner-Kersee Heike Drechsler Anioara Cumir Tatyana Kotova Yelena Belevskaya Inessa Kravets Tatyana Lebedeva Yelena Khlopotnova Marion Jones

Nationality
Soviet Union United States East Germany Romania Russia Soviet Union Ukraine Russia Soviet Union United States

Venue
Leningrad New York Neubrandenburg Bucharest Annecy Bryansk Kiev Tula Alma Ata Zrich

Date
June 11, 1988 May 22, 1994 July 9, 1988 June 4, 1983 June 23, 2002 July 18, 1987 June 13, 1992 July 31, 2004 September 12,1985 August 12, 1998

1.4 1.3 1.2 1.4 2.0 0.5 N/A 0.4 1.5 -0.1
**

(meters),

(meters/second)

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Best Year Performance

Men's Seasons Best (Outdoor)
YEAR DISTANCE 1960 8.21 1961 8.28 1962 8.31 1963 8.20 1964 8.34 1965 8.35 1966 8.23 1967 8.35 1968 8.90 1969 8.21 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 8.35 8.23 8.34 8.24 8.30 8.45 8.35 8.27 8.32 8.52 8.54 8.62 8.76 8.79 8.71 8.62 8.61 8.86 8.76 8.70 8.66 8.95 8.68 8.70 8.74 8.71 8.58 8.63 8.60 8.60 ATHLETE Ralph Boston (USA) Ralph Boston (USA) Igor Ter-Ovanesyan (URS) Ralph Boston (USA) Ralph Boston (USA) Ralph Boston (USA) Igor Ter-Ovanesyan (URS) Igor Ter-Ovanesyan (URS) Bob Beamon (USA) Igor Ter-Ovanesyan (URS) Waldemar Stepian (POL) Josef Schwarz (FRG) Norman Tate (USA) Randy Williams (USA) James McAlister (USA) Arnie Robinson (USA) Nenad Stekid (YUG) Arnie Robinson (USA) Nenad Stekid (YUG) Nenad Stekid (YUG) Larry Myricks (USA) Lutz Dombrowski (GDR) Carl Lewis (USA) Carl Lewis (USA) Carl Lewis (USA) Carl Lewis (USA) Carl Lewis (USA) Robert Emmiyan (URS) Robert Emmiyan (URS) Carl Lewis (USA) Larry Myricks (USA) Mike Powell (USA) Mike Powell (USA) Carl Lewis (USA) Mike Powell (USA) Erick Walder (USA) Ivn Pedroso (CUB) Erick Walder (USA) Ivn Pedroso (CUB) James Beckford (JAM) Ivn Pedroso (CUB) PLACE Walnut Moscow Yerevan Modesto Los Angeles Modesto Leselidze Mexico City Mexico City Odessa Chorzw Stuttgart El Paso Munich Westwood Modesto Montreal Montreal Nova Gorica Rovereto Montreal Moscow Sacramento Indianapolis Indianapolis Westwood Brussels Moscow Tsakhkadzor Indianapolis Houston Villeneuve d'Ascq Tokyo Barcelona Salamanca El Paso Salamanca Springfield Padua Bad Langensalza Padua
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2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

8.65 8.41 8.52 8.53 8.60 8.60 8.56 8.66 8.73

Ivn Pedroso (CUB) James Beckford (JAM) Savant Stringfellow (USA) Yago Lamela (ESP) Dwight Phillips (USA) Dwight Phillips (USA) Irving Saladino (PAN) Louis Tsatoumas (GRE) Irving Saladino (PAN)

Jena Turin Palo Alto Castelln de la Plana Linz Helsinki Rio de Janeiro Kalamta Hengelo

Women's Seasons Best (Outdoor)

YEAR DISTANCE 1976 6.99 1978 7.09 1979 6.90 1980 7.06 1981 6.96 1982 7.20 1983 7.43 1984 7.40 1985 7.44 1986 7.45 1987 7.45 1988 7.52 1989 7.24 1990 7.35 1991 7.37 1992 7.48 1993 7.21 1994 7.49 1995 7.07 1996 7.20 1997 7.05 1998 7.31 1999 7.26 2000 7.09 2001 7.12 2002 7.42 2003 7.06 2004 7.33 2005 7.04 2006 7.12 2007 7.21 2008 7.12 ATHLETE Siegrun Siegl (GDR) Vilma Bardauskien (URS) Brigitte Wujak (GDR) Tatyana Kolpakova (URS) Jodi Anderson (USA) Valy Ionescu (ROU) Anisoara Cusmir (ROU) Heike Drechsler (GDR) Heike Drechsler (GDR) Heike Drechsler (GDR) Jackie Joyner-Kersee (USA) Galina Chistyakova (URS) Galina Chistyakova (URS) Galina Chistyakova (URS) Heike Drechsler (GER) Heike Drechsler (GER) Heike Drechsler (GER) Jackie Joyner-Kersee (USA) Heike Drechsler (GER) Jackie Joyner-Kersee (USA) Lyudmila Galkina (RUS) Marion Jones (USA) Maurren Higa Maggi (BRA) Fiona May (ITA) Tatyana Kotova (RUS) Tatyana Kotova (RUS) Maurren Higa Maggi (BRA) Tatyana Lebedeva (RUS) Irina Simagina (RUS) Tatyana Kotova (RUS) Lyudmila Kolchanova (RUS) Naide Gomes (POR) PLACE Dresden Prague Potsdam Moscow Colorado Springs Bucharest Bucharest Dresden Berlin Tallinn Indianapolis Leningrad Volgograd Bratislava Sestriere Lausanne Zrich New York City Linz Atlanta Athens Eugene Bogot Rio de Janeiro Turin Annecy Milan Tula Sochi Novosibirsk Sochi Monaco

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National Records
As of September 2, 2009.

Men
NATION USA URS PAN CUB GRE JAM ESP GER RSA AUS KSA ITA RUS SEN YUG GHA FRA BAH SLO CHN BRA MAR ROU POR UKR TWN VEN BUL BLR EGY HUN AUT ZIM GBR POL DISTANCE 8.95 m 8.86 m 8.73 m 8.71 m 8.66 m 8.62 m 8.56 m 8.54 m 8.50 m 8.49 m 8.48 m 8.47 m 8.46 m 8.46 m 8.45 m 8.43 m 8.42 m 8.41 m 8.40 m 8.40 m 8.40 m 8.38 m 8.37 m 8.36 m 8.35 m 8.34 m 8.34 m 8.33 m 8.33 m 8.31 m 8.30 m 8.30 m 8.30 m 8.30 m 8.28 m ATHLETE Mike Powell Robert Emmiyan Irving Saladino Ivn Pedroso Louis Tsatoumas James Beckford Yago Lamela Lutz Dombrowski Godfrey Mokoena Jai Taurima Mohamed Salman AlKhuwalidi Andrew Howe Leonid Voloshin Cheikh Tidiane Tour Nenad Stekid Ignisious Gaisah Salim Sdiri Craig Hepburn Gregor Cankar Lao Jianfeng Douglas de Souza Yahya Berrabah Bogdan Tudor Carlos Calado Sergey Layevskiy Roman Shchurenko Nai Huei-Fang Victor Castillo Ivaylo Mladenov Aleksandr Glovatskiy Hassine Hatem Moursal Lszl Szalma Andreas Steiner Ngonidzashe Makusha Gregory Rutherford Grzegorz Marciniszyn VENUE Tokyo Tsakhkadzor Hengelo Salamanca Kalamata Orlando Turin Moscow Madrid Sydney Sotteville Osaka Tallinn Bad Langensalza Montreal Rome Pierre-Bnite Nassau Celje Zhaoqing Sao Paulo Rabat Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt Lisboa Dnepropetrovsk Kiev Shanghai Cochabamba Seville Sestriere Oslo Budapest Innsbruck Des Moines Berlin Malles DATE 1991-08-30 1987-05-22 2008-05-24 1995-07-18 2007-06-02 1997-04-05 1999-06-24 1980-07-28 2009-07-04 2000-09-28 2006-07-02 2007-08-30 1988-07-05 1997-06-15 1975-07-25 2006-07-14 2009-06-12 1993-06-17 1997-05-18 1997-05-28 1995-02-15 2009-05-23 1995-07-09 1997-06-20 1988-07-16 2000-07-25 1993-05-14 2004-05-30 1995-06-03 1996-08-07 1999-06-30 1985-07-07 1988-06-04 2008-06-12 2009-08-20 2001-07-14
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NGR BOT CZE MDA JPN BEL DEN NAM CRO FIN SWE KOR EST TUR

8.27 m 8.27 m 8.25 m 8.25 m 8.25 m 8.25 m 8.25 m 8.24 m 8.23 m 8.22 m 8.21 m 8.20 m 8.10 m 8.08 m

Yussuf Alli Gable Garenamotse Milan Mikul Sergey Podgainiy Masaki Morinaga Erik Nijs Morten Jensen Stephan Louw Sinia Ergotid Tommi Evil Mattias Sunneborn Kim Deok Hyeon Erki Nool Mesut Yava

Lagos Rhede Prague Kishinyov Shizuoka Hechtel Gteborg Germiston Zagreb Gteborg Malm Beograd Gtzis Istanbul

1989-08-08 2006-08-20 1988-07-16 1990-08-18 1992-05-05 1996-07-06 2005-07-03 2008-01-12 2002-06-05 2008-06-28 1996-06-27 2009-07-12 1995-05-27 2000-06-24

Long Jump On Coinage

Track and field events have been selected as a main motif in numerous collectors' coins. One of the recent samples is the 10 Greek Long Jump commemorative coin, minted in 2003 to commemorate the 2004 Summer Olympics. The obverse of the coin portrays a modern athlete at the moment he is touching the ground, while the ancient athlete in the background is shown while starting off his jump, as he is seen on a black-figure vase of the 5th century BC.

Long Jump commemorative coin

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ENDING
Thus i finish this exam, in order to make us kno more and deeper about this.Hopefully,there will be many people make another achievement especially athetles from Indonesia, because i didnt found any athelte from Indonesia that break the record or make another one.We will always put our hope in order to wait for people from Indonesia, especially, make a new record.May God always bless us.

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