DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENT

Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures

Part 1-2: General rules Structural fire design

(together with United Kingdom National Application Document)

ICS 13.220.50; 91.080.20

NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

DD ENV 1995-1-2:2000

DD ENV 1995-1-2:2000

National Foreword
This publication comprises the English language version of ENV 1995-1-2:1997, Eurocode 5 Design of timber structures Part 1.2: General rules Structural fire design, as published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), plus the United Kingdom (UK) National Application Document (NAD) to be used with the ENV for the design of buildings to be constructed in the UK. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Subcommittee B/525/5, Structural use of timber, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. ENV 1995-1-2 results from a programme of work sponsored by the European Commission to make available a common set of rules for the design of building and civil engineering works. This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard. An ENV is made available for provisional application but does not have the status of a European Standard. The aim is to use the experience gained during the ENV period to modify the ENV so that it can be adopted as a European Standard. The values for certain parameters in the ENV Eurocodes may be set by CEN members so as to meet the requirements of national regulations. These parameters are designated by (boxed values) in the ENV. During the ENV period of validity, reference should be made to the supporting documents listed in the NAD. It should be noted that ENV 1995-1-2 designs are based on partial factors and characteristic values for actions and material properties, in contrast to BS 5268 which uses permissible stress values. The purpose of the NAD is to provide essential information, particularly in relation to safety, to enable the ENV to be used for structures and buildings constructed in the UK. The NAD takes precedence over corresponding provisions in the ENV. The Building Regulations 1991, Approved Document A 1992 (published December 1991) draws designers' attention to the potential use of ENV Eurocodes as an alternative approach to Building Regulation compliance. ENV 1995-1-2 has been thoroughly examined over a period of several years and is considered to offer such an alternative approach when used in conjunction with the NAD. Compliance with ENV 1995-1-2 and its NAD does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Users of this document are invited to comment on its technical content, ease of use and any ambiguities and anomalies. These comments will be taken into account when preparing the UK national response to CEN on the question of whether the ENV can be converted into an EN. Comments should be sent in writing to BSI, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL, quoting the document reference, the relevant clause and, where possible, a proposed revision. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, or using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Summary of pages This Draft for Development, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 January 2000 BSI 01-2000 The following BSI references relate to the work on this Draft for Development: Committee reference B/525/5 ISBN 0 580 33102 4 This page consists of a front cover an inside front cover, page i to x, an EN title page, pages 2 to 43 and a back cover.

Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments

DD ENV 1995-1-2:2000

National Application Document for use in the UK with ENV 1995-1-2:1994

BSI 01-2000

DD ENV 1995-1-2:2000

Contents of National Application Document

Page National foreword Inside front cover Introduction iii 1 Scope iii 2 Normative references iii 3 Partial factors, combination factors and other values iii 4 Additional recommendations iv Figure 4.5 Protected fasteners: a) and b) glued-in plugs, c) protective panels v Figure B.1 Steel plates: a) unprotected, b) protected by gaps, c) protected by glued-in strips, d) protected by panels v Table 1 Partial factors vi Table 2 Combination factors (c) vii Table 3 Boxed values (other than gM,fi values) vii Table 4 References in 1995-1-2 to other publications viii

ii

BSI 01-2000

DD ENV 1995-1-2:2000

National Application Document

Introduction
This National Application Document (NAD) has been prepared by Subcommittee B525/5. It has been developed from: a) a textual examination of ENV 1995-1-2; b) calibration against UK practice, supporting standards and test data; c) trial calculations. It should be noted that this NAD, in common with ENV 1995-1-2 and supporting CEN standards, uses a comma (,) where a decimal point (.) would be traditionally used in the UK. ENV 1995-1-1 was drafted before the formats for all Eurocodes were harmonized and therefore contains a different format for clause numbering than ENV 1995-1-2. Specifically clauses that comprise: general statements and definitions for which there are no alternatives; requirements and analytical models for which no alternatives are permitted unless specifically stated; are known as Principle clauses and the clause number is followed by the letter P, e.g. (3)P. In ENV 1995-1-1, the clause number is preceded by the letter P. BS 1297:1987, Specification for tongued and grooved softwood flooring. BS 5803, Thermal insulation for use in pitched roof spaces in dwellings. BS 5268-2:1996, Structural use of timber Part 2: Code of practice for permissible stress design, materials and workmanship. BS 6399-1:1996, Loadings for buildings Part 1: Code of practice for dead and imposed loadings. BS EN 300:1997, Oriented strand board (OSB) Definitions, classification and specifications. BS EN 301:1992, Adhesives, phenolic and aminoplastic, for load-bearing timber structures: classification and performance requirements. BS EN 309:1992, Wood particleboards Definition and classification. BS EN 313-1:1996, Plywood Classification and terminology Classification. BS EN 316:1993, Wood fibreboards Definition, classification and symbols. BS EN 338:1995, Structural timber Strength classes. DD ENV 1991-2-2:1996, Basis of designs and actions on structures Part 2-2: Thermal actions Actions on structures exposed to fire. DD ENV 1993-1-2, Steel structures Part 1-2: Rules for structural fire design Supplementary rules for structural fire designs. DD ENV 1995-1-1:1994, Design of timber structures Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings. Table 4 contains references to other publications cited in this Eurocode.

1 Scope
This NAD provides the information required to enable ENV 1995-1-2:1994, Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures Part 1-2: General rules Structural fire design, to be used for the design of buildings and civil engineering structures to be constructed in the UK.

2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of this NAD. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of any of these publications do not apply. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. BS 476-4:1984, Fire tests on building materials and structures Part 4: Non-combustibility test for materials. BS 476-11:1988, Fire tests an building materials and structures Part 11: Method of assessing heat emission from building materials. BS 1230-1:1994, Gypsum plasterboard Part 1: Specification for plasterboard excluding material submitted to secondary operations.

3 Partial factors, combination factors and other values

a) The values for partial safety factors (g) should be as given in Table 1 of this NAD. b) As the calculation of fire resistance is related to the design of the building elements in the non-fire situation, the combination factors (c) in Table 2 of this NAD are the same as in Table 2 of the NAD of ENV 1995-1-1. These values differ from those given in ENV 1991-1. c) The values for other boxed values should be as given in Table 3 of this NAD.

BSI 01-2000

iii

DD ENV 1995-1-2:2000

4 Additional recommendations
4.1 General guidance The following points should be followed when designing to ENV 1995-1-2. 4.2 Section 2 Basic principles a) Subclause 2.1, item (1)P and item(3)P The criteria R, E and I shall meet the requirements of the relevant UK national regulations for fire resistance. b) Subclause 2.4, item (3) This clause lays down three alternative ways of designing for the effects of fire on timber members: 1) simplified effective cross-section method; 2) reduced strength and stiffness method; 3) general method. Methods 1) and 2) have been calibrated against present UK design procedures and found acceptable. Method 3) cannot be used as it requires the input of data not available at this time.
NOTE Method 2) gives smaller cross-sections than method 1), but greater computational effort is needed.

c) Subclause 3.1, item (7) and, item (8) The value of tpr should be determined by testing. However, values for tpr may be obtained for the following commonly-used fire protective claddings from the following subclauses: wood and wood-based panels, subclause 3.2, item (2); gypsum plasterboard type F to prEN 520, C.3.2, item (2); gypsum plasterboard types A and H to prEN 520, C.3.2, item (3); non-combustible insulating materials, C.3.2, item (4). 4.4 Section 4 Structural fire design a) Subclause 4.4.3, item (2) Where a column is continuous through two or more storeys, the column may be assumed to be restrained in position at intermediate floors provided the fire resistance of the intermediate floor(s) is not less than that needed by the column. b) Subclause 4.4.6, item (2)P In the UK, walls are assumed to be subject to fire from one side at a time and floors are assumed to be subject only to fire on the soffit and are classified as separating constructions in accordance with ENV 1995-1-2:1994, 1.3. A free standing column that can be subject to fire on all sides is classified as a non-separating construction. c) Subclause 4.5 The procedures given in 4.5 are a simplified approach for the design of joints in fire. A more rigorous treatment is given in annex B. Information concerning connectors is given in the NAD of ENV 1995-1-1. 4.5 refers only to three member joints and Table 4.2 refers only to wood-to-wood joints. d) Subclause 4.5.4, item (1) The correct Figure 4.5 is given. 4.5 Annex B Supplementary rules for joints a) Subclause B.5 Change the number of the third item from (2) to (3). The correct Figure B.1 is given.

c) Subclause 2.5.3, item (3) Using the procedure for accidental design situations described in subclause 2.3.2.2 item P(2) of ENV 1995-1-1, it is possible to derive values for actions in fire (Efi,d) less than 0,6 of the actions in normal temperature design (Ed). For UK designs, equation 2.3.2.2b of ENV 1995-1-1 should be used while observing the minimum requirement of equation (2.7) of ENV 1995-1-2 such that: Efi,d $ 0,6Ed 4.3 Section 3 Materials a) Subclause 3.1, item (2) Wood panels and solid timber softwood boarding which conform to BS 1297 may be used, as may hardwood boarding which has the same profiles as given in BS 1297:1987. b) Subclause 3.1, item (3) Wood-based panels which conform to the requirements given in BS 5268-2:1996 may be used.

iv

BSI 01-2000

DD ENV 1995-1-2:2000

a) Glued-in plug b) Glued-in plug c) Protective panel

Figure 4.5 Protected fasteners: a) and b) glued-in plugs, c) protective panels

a) Unprotected b) Protected by gaps c) Protected by glued-in strips d) Protected by panels

Figure B.1 Steel plates: a) unprotected, b) protected by gaps, c) protected by glued-in strips, d) protected by panels

BSI 01-2000

DD ENV 1995-1-2:2000

4.6 Annex C Walls and Floors a) Subclause C.3.2 For the purposes of this NAD, the term non-combustible includes both non-combustible and limited combustibility materials. A limited combustibility material is defined as: 1) any material which when tested to BS 476-11:1988, does not flame or cause any rise in temperature on either the centre (specimen) or furnace thermocouples; 2) any material of density 300 kg/m3 or more which, when tested to BS 476-11:1988, does not flame, and the rise in temperature on the furnace thermocouple is not more than 20 8C; 3) any material of density 300 kg/m3 or more, which when tested to BS 476-11:1988, does not flame for more than 10 s, with the rise in temperature on the centre (specimen) thermocouple not more than 35 8C and on the furnace thermocouple not more than 25 8C; 4) totally inorganic materials such as concrete, fired clay, ceramics, metals, plaster and masonry containing not more than 1 % by weight or volume of organic material. (Use in buildings of combustible metals such as magnesium/aluminium alloys should be assessed in each individual case); 5) products classified as non-combustible under BS 476-4:1984; 6) any material with a non-combustible core at least 8 mm thick, having combustible facings (on one or both sides) not more than 0,5 mm thick. (Where a flame spread rating is specified, these materials should also meet the appropriate test requirements.)

b) Subclause C.3.2, item (2) 1) Gypsum wallboard type F of prEN 520 is equivalent to type 5 of BS 1230. 2) Gypsum wallboard type A of prEN 520 is equivalent to type 1 of BS 1230. 3) Gypsum wallboard type H of prEN 520 is equivalent to type 3 of BS 1230. 4) For a single layer of gypsum plasterboard, j = 1,0. For multiple layers of gypsum plasterboard, j = 0,8 for the outer layer and j = 1,0 for the inner layers. c) Subclause C.3.2, item (4) Only mineral wool made from rock or slag to the requirements of BS 5803 meets the recommendations of this clause. d) Figure 6 The insulation may be tightly fitting, glued or pinned. e) Figure C.8 The title of Figure C.8 should be Example of connections of walls to adjoining floors and walls.

Table 1 Partial factors

Reference Definition Symbol Condition Boxed Value UK

2.3

Partial factor for materials

gM,fi

Timber and wood based materials

1,0

1,0

vi

BSI 01-2000

DD ENV 1995-1-2:2000

Table 2 Combination factors (c)

Variable action Type of activity/occupancy 1 c0 c1 c2

Imposed floor loads.

Self-contained dwellings and communal areas in blocks of flats not more than three stories high. Other types of occupancy Garages, parking, vehicle access ramps.

0,5

0,4

0,2

0,7 0,7 0,5

0,6 0,7 0,4

0,3 0,6 0,2

Imposed ceiling loads. Self-contained dwellings and communal areas in blocks of flats not more than three stories high. Other types of occupancy Imposed roof loads Wind loads All types of occupancy

0,7 0,7

0,2 0,2

0,0 0,0

Table 3 Boxed values (other than gM,fi values)

Reference Definition Boxed Value UK

2.3(1)P

kfi for solid timber kfi for glued laminated timber and wood-based panels. Coefficient of Ed in equation 2.7. h30 h30 h30 h30 h30 for for for for for nails bolts dowels (non-projecting) connectors with bolts connectors with nails

1,25 1,15 0,60 0,80 0,45 0,80 0,45 0,80 1,00 0,45 1,00 20 0,6 0,6 12 6,0 0,25 0,60 15 5 5

1,25 1,15 0,60 0,80 0,45 0,80 0,45 0,80 1,00 0,45 1,00 20 0,6 0,6 12 6,0 0,25 0,60 15 5 5

2.5.2(3) Table 4.2

Table 4.3

h30 for nails h30 for bolts h30 for dowels (non-projecting) Coefficient of D in equation B.1. Coefficient in equation B.3. h30 in equation B.4. c for steel plates as middle members. c for wooden middle members. Coefficient of t1 in equation B.8. Values of h30 in equation B.9. I minute (also Figures C.1 and C.2). II minutes (also Figures C.1 and C.2). III minutes (also Figure C.3)

B.1 B.2 B.3(3) B.4(2) C.2.3(3)

BSI 01-2000

vii

DD ENV 1995-1-2:2000

Table 4 References in 1995-1-2 to other publications

Reference in DD ENV 1995-1-2 Document referred to Document title or subject area UK document

1.1(1)P

ENV 1991-2-2:1996 ENV 1995-1-1:1993

3.1(2)

EN 338:1995 prEN 1194a

3.1(3)

EN 309:1992 EN 313-1:1996 EN 300:1997 EN 316:1993

3.2(1) 3.3(2)

ENV 13381-7 EN 301:1992

B.5(1) C.3.2

ENV 1993-1-2:1995

C.3.2(2) C.3.2(4)
a

prEN

520a

Actions on structures exposed to fire. Eurocode 5 Design of timber structures Part 1.1: General rules and rules for buildings. Structural timber Strength classes. Glued laminated timber Strength classes and determination of characteristic values. Specification for tongued and grooved flooring. Particleboards Definition and classification. Plywood Classification and terminology. Oriented strand board (OSB) Definitions, classification and specifications. Wood fibreboards Definition, classification and symbols. Contribution to fire resistance of structural members Part 7: Timber elements Adhesives, phenolic and aminoplastic, for load-bearing timber structures; classification and performance requirements. Supplementary rules for structural fire design. Method for assessing the heat emission from building materials. Non-combustibility test for materials. Gypsum plasterboards Specifications Test methods. Thermal insulation for use in pitched roof spaces in buildings.

DD ENV 1991-2-2 DD ENV 1995-1-1

BS EN 338 BS 5268-2 BS 1297 BS EN 309 BS EN 313-1 BS EN 300 BS EN 316

BS EN 301

DD ENV 1993-1-2 BS 476-11 BS 476-4 BS 1230-1 BS 5803

Subject to CEN formal vote.

viii

BSI 01-2000

EUROPEAN PRESTANDARD PRENORME EUROPEENNE EUROPAISCHE VORNORM

ENV 1995-1-2
November 1994

ICS 13.220.50; 91.040.00; 91.080.20 Descriptors: buildings, timber construction, building codes, computation, fire tests

English version

Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures Part 1-2: General rules Structural fire design

Eurocode 5: Calcul des structures en bois Partie 1-2: Re gles ge rales Calcul du ne comportement au feu

Eurocode 5: Bemessung und Konstruktion von Holzbauten Teil 1-2: Algmeine Regeln Tragwerksbemessung fur den Brandfall

This European Prestandard (ENV) was approved by CEN on 1993-06-22 as a prospective standard for provisional application. The period of validity of this ENV is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the ENV can be converted into an European Standard (EN). CEN members are required to announce the existance of this ENV in the same way as for an EN and to make the ENV available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the ENV) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the ENV into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

CEN
European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe de Normalisation en Europa isches Komitee fur Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1994 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. ENV 1995-1-2:1994 E

DD ENV 1995-1-2:2000

BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

BSI British Standards Institution

BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions. It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover. Tel: 020 8996 9000. Fax: 020 8996 7400. BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards. Buying standards Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be addressed to Customer Services. Tel: 020 8996 9001. Fax: 020 8996 7001. In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the BSI implementation of those that have been published as British Standards, unless otherwise requested. Information on standards BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and international standards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters Service. Various BSI electronic information services are also available which give details on all its products and services. Contact the Information Centre. Tel: 020 8996 7111. Fax: 020 8996 7048. Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments and receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards. For details of these and other benefits contact Membership Administration. Tel: 020 8996 7002. Fax: 020 8996 7001. Copyright Copyright subsists in all BSI publications. BSI also holds the copyright, in the UK, of the publications of the international standardization bodies. Except as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission from BSI. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations. If these details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior written permission of BSI must be obtained. If permission is granted, the terms may include royalty payments or a licensing agreement. Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright Manager. Tel: 020 8996 7070.