GSM BSS Overview

GSM OVERVIEW
NSS Network Switching Sub-system
BSS Base Station Sub-system

MS
Mobile station
OMC Operation and Maintenance Center
NSS:
MSC mobile switching center HRL - home location register VLR - visitor location register AUC - authentication center EIR - equipment identity register BSS:
BSC base station controller BTS base transceiver station TC - transcoder

OMC: OSS- operation and support system for radio, switch and transmission
The Switching System: The switching system (SS) is responsible for performing call processing and subscriber-related functions. The switching system includes the following functional units. home location register (HLR) The HLR is a database used for storage and management of subscriptions. The HLR is considered the most important database, as it stores permanent data about subscribers, including a subscriber's service profile, location information, and activity status. When an individual buys a subscription from one of the PCS operators, he or she is registered in the HLR of that operator. mobile services switching center (MSC) The MSC performs the telephony switching functions of the system. It controls calls to and from other telephone and data systems. It also performs such functions as toll ticketing, network interfacing, common channel signaling, and others. visitor location register (VLR) The VLR is a database that contains temporary information about subscribers that is needed by the MSC in order to service visiting subscribers. The VLR is always integrated with the MSC. When a mobile station roams into a new MSC area, the VLR connected to that MSC will request data about the mobile station from the HLR. Later, if the mobile station makes a call, the VLR will have the information needed for call setup without having to interrogate the HLR each time. authentication center (AUC) A unit called the AUC provides authentication and encryption parameters that verify the user's identity and ensure the confidentiality of each call. The AUC protects network operators from different types of fraud found in today's cellular world. equipment identity register (EIR) The EIR is a database that contains information about the identity of mobile equipment that prevents calls from stolen, unauthorized, or defective mobile stations. The AUC and EIR are implemented as standalone nodes or as a combined AUC/EIR node.
The Base Station System (BSS):

All radio-related functions are performed in the BSS, which consists of base station controllers (BSCs) and the base transceiver stations (BTSs). BSC The BSC provides all the control functions and physical links between the MSC and BTS. It is a high-capacity switch that provides functions such as handover, cell configuration data, and control of radio frequency (RF) power levels in base transceiver stations. A number of BSCs are served by an MSC. BTS The BTS handles the radio interface to the mobile station. The BTS is the radio equipment (transceivers and antennas) needed to service each cell in the network. A group of BTSs are controlled by a BSC.
The Operation and Support System: The operations and maintenance center (OMC) is connected to all equipment in the switching system and to the BSC. The implementation of OMC is called the operation and support system (OSS). The OSS is the functional entity from which the network operator monitors and controls the system. The purpose of OSS is to offer the customer cost-effective support for centralized, regional, and local operational and maintenance activities that are required for a GSM network. An important function of OSS is to provide a network overview and support the maintenance activities of different operation and maintenance organizations.
GSM Interface
A-interface - between MSC & TC - 2Mbit/s interface Ater interface - between TCSM and BSC - 2Mbit/s interface Abis interface - between BSC and BTS
- 1.5 Mbits/s interface - structure depends on the connection type and signaling (64kbit/s or 32kbit/s or 16kbit/s) used
Air interface - between BTS and MS

- TDMA frame for sending signals intended for various users on the same radio frequency in different time slots
X.25
- between MSC/BSC and OMC
GSM NETWORK INTERFACE
INTERFACES IN THE GSM 900 / DCS 1800 NETWORK
MAIN FUNCTION OF BSC CONTROL BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM
MANAGE BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM

CONTROL RADIO CHANNELS MANAGE RADIO CHANNELS
BTS compose of cells or sectors 1 cell composes of TRXs for a BTS with 3 sectors of 1 TRX each sector BTS configuration of 1+1+1
*BTS can have a maximum of 12 TRX, a maximum of 3 sectors.
IMPORTANT TERMS: BTS BSC TRX = = = BASE TRANSCEIVER STATION BASE STATION CONTROLLER TRANSCEIVER TRANSCODER / SUBMULTIPLEXER
TCSM =
MSC
MS TRU
=
= =
MOBILE SWITCHING CENTER

MOBILE STATION TRANSMISSION UNIT GENERAL PACKET RADIO SERVICES
GPRS =
GSM Traffic and Signalling Channels

BCCH broadcast control channels (down link only) which provide the mobile stations with information such as base station identity
SDCCH stand-alone dedicated control channels - which are multiplexed on to a standard channel and are used for registration, location updating, authentication and call set-up
TCH traffic channels are defined for speech, and for data at the rates of 9.6kb/s, 4,8kpbs and 2.4kbps PCH packet channels Pach paging channels Rach Fach Sach Cbch
Slow associated control channels - for control and supervisory signals associated with the traffic channels.
Fast associated control channels - which steal time slots from the traffic allocation and are used for control requirements such as handover.
Dedicated control channels - which are multiplexed on to a standard channel and are used for registration, location updating, authentication and call set-up.
Broadcast control channels (down link only) - which provide the mobile stations with information such as base station identity.
Paging channel (down link only) - which informs the mobile that the network requires to signal it.
Random-access channel (up link only) - which is used by the mobile station to request access to the network. Access grant channel (clown link only) - which replies to a random access arid assigns a dedicated control channel for subsequent signaling. Cell Broadcast Channel (down link only) - transmits the cell broadcast information.
TRX Mapping
SECTOR A TRX1 BCCH SDCCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH
SECTOR B TRX5 TRX6 TRX7 BCCH TCH TCH SDCCH TCH SDCCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH
SECTOR C TRX9 BCCH SDCCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH
BTS /BCF Consists of number of cells/ sectors Sector A / BTS A Sector B/ BTS B Sector C/ BTS C Each Sector / BTS Consists of 1 BCCH/ MBCCH /CBCH Main Broadcast channel SDCCH - Stand- Alone Dedicated channel TCH - Traffic channels PCH Packet channels
Abis Mapping
64K 32K 16K 16K
T1 TSL 1 2 3 4 5 SubTSL1 BCCH TCH BCCH TCH TCH TCH SubTSL2 SDCCH TCH SDCCH TCH TCH TCH SubTSL3 TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH SubTSL4 TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH
32 16K 16K
SECTOR A SDCC TRX1 BCCH H TCH SECTOR B SDCC TRX5 BCCH H TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TRX6 TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH SDCC TRX7 TCH H TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH
ARFCN1
ARFCN2 ARFCN3 ARFCN4
6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
TCH
TCH BCCH TCH
SDCCH
TCH SDCCH TCH
TCH
TCH TCH TCH
TCH
TCH TCH TCH
SECTOR C SDCC TRX9 BCCH H TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH
TRX1 SIG
TRXSIG6 TRXSIG9
ARFCN5
15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 OMU
TRXSIG5
TRX7
Each TRX corresponds with a TRX signalling occupying a TSL on the Abis ( 16K, 32K or 64K) Each TRX corresponds to a frequency Each BTS will have an OMU signalling (ex. 16K) TSL 24
Abis Mapping exercise

64K 32K 16K
TSL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TRXSIG1 OMU SIG SubTSL1
BTS config 4+4+4 16K OMU sig 32K TRX signalling

64K
32 16K
T1 SubTSL2 TRX1 SubTSL3 SubTSL4 TSL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 SubTSL1 BCCH TCH
32K 16K 16K

T1 SubTSL2 SDCCH TCH SubTSL3 TCH TCH
32 16K 16K
SubTSL4 TCH TCH
16K
16K
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
911
19 20 21 22 23
24
Sample output of a Nokia BTS

BSC3i LSVGBSC09 2012-03-16 00:19:16 RADIO NETWORK CONFIGURATION IN BSC: EP B F T R C D-CHANNEL BUSY AD OP R ET- BCCH/CBCH/ R E S O&M LINK HR FR LAC CI HOP ST STATE FREQ T PCM ERACH X F U NAME ST /GP ===================== == ====== ==== == ==== =========== = = == ===== == === === BCF-0144 ULTRASITE U WO 31028 06481 BTS-0058 U WO LSVGNVL648A RF/EDGE TRX-001 U WO 799 EDGE TRX-002 U WO 604 EDGE TRX-003 U WO 787 31028 06482 BTS-0059 U WO LSVGNVL648B RF/EDGE TRX-005 U WO 790 EDGE TRX-006 U WO 607 31028 06483 BTS-0060 U WO LSVGNVL648C RF/EDGE TRX-009 U WO 590 EDGE TRX-010 U WO 601 4 BC144 WO 0 0 1 0 122 MBCCH P 3 0 122 5 0 122 3 0 0 1 0 122 MBCCH P 2 0 122 6 0 0 1 0 122 MBCCH P 4 0 122 0

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GSM OVERVIEW

NSS Network Switching Sub-system

BSS Base Station Sub-system

OMC Operation and Maintenance Center

BSC base station controller BTS base transceiver station TC - transcoder

The Base Station System (BSS):

Air interface - between BTS and MS

GSM NETWORK INTERFACE

INTERFACES IN THE GSM 900 / DCS 1800 NETWORK

MAIN FUNCTION OF BSC CONTROL BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM

MANAGE BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM

MOBILE SWITCHING CENTER

GSM Traffic and Signalling Channels

ARFCN2 ARFCN3 ARFCN4

Abis Mapping exercise

BTS config 4+4+4 16K OMU sig 32K TRX signalling

32K 16K 16K

Sample output of a Nokia BTS

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