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    Tube Pitch HE

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    darkbreaker3244
    This document describes shell and tube heat exchangers. It discusses the TEMA standard designation system for shell and tube heat exchangers and describes types B-E-M, U-Tube, A-E-T, B-E-W, and C-E-M heat exchangers. It also covers thermal design features such as size, tube dimensions, tube length, pitch patterns, baffle arrangements, and tube pass layouts.

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    Tube Pitch HE

    Uploaded by

    darkbreaker3244
    164 views29 pages
    This document describes shell and tube heat exchangers. It discusses the TEMA standard designation system for shell and tube heat exchangers and describes types B-E-M, U-Tube, A-E-T, B-E-W, and C-E-M heat exchangers. It also covers thermal design features such as size, tube dimensions, tube length, pitch patterns, baffle arrangements, and tube pass layouts.

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    This document describes shell and tube heat exchangers. It discusses the TEMA standard designation system for shell and tube heat exchangers and describes types B-E-M, U-Tube, A-E-T, B-E-W, and C-E-M heat exchangers. It also covers thermal design features such as size, tube dimensions, tube length, pitch patterns, baffle arrangements, and tube pass layouts.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    164 views29 pages

    Tube Pitch HE

    Uploaded by

    darkbreaker3244
    This document describes shell and tube heat exchangers. It discusses the TEMA standard designation system for shell and tube heat exchangers and describes types B-E-M, U-Tube, A-E-T, B-E-W, and C-E-M heat exchangers. It also covers thermal design features such as size, tube dimensions, tube length, pitch patterns, baffle arrangements, and tube pass layouts.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 29

    DESIGN OF SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER

    Bahan Perkuliahan Perpindahan Panas


    Dr. H.M. Djoni BUSTAN

    standard designation system for shell-and-tube heat exchangers.

    TEMA

    (From Saunders, 1988, with permission.)

    Type B-E-M Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger (TEMA)

    Single-tube-pass baffled single-pass-shell shell-and-tube heat exchanger designed to give essentially counterflow conditions. The toroidal expansion joint in the center of the shell accommodates differential thermal expansion between the tubes and the shell.

    Type U-Tube Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger (TEMA)

    U-tube single-pass-shell shell-and-tube heat exchanger.

    Type A-E-T Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger (TEMA)

    Two-pass baffled single-pass-shell Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger.

    Type B-E-W Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger (TEMA)

    Heat exchanger similar to that of( c) except for the floating head used to accommodate differential thermal expansion between the tubes and the shell.

    Type B-E-S Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger (TEMA)

    Heat exchanger that is similar to the heat exchanger in (d) but with a different type of floating head.

    Type C-E-M Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger (TEMA)

    Single-tube-pass baffled single-pass-shell shell-and-tube heat exchanger with a packed joint floating head and double header sheets to assure that no fluid leaks from one fluid circuit into the other.

    Shell Picture

    Shell Picture

    Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Picture

    Tube Picture

    Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

    THERMAL DESIGN FEATURES

    Size

    Outside Diameter mm in

    Small Medium Large Most widely used

    15.875 to 25.4 to 1 25.4 to 50.8 1 to 2 50.8 to 76.2 2 to 3 19.05 25.4 1

    5 8

    THERMAL DESIGN FEATURES


    TYPICAL DIAMETERS, THICKNESS AND PITCH ARRANGEMENT OF TUBES
    Tube outside diameter mm in Tube Thickness Carbon and low-alloy steels mm in b.w.g. Stainless steels, aluminium, copper and nickel alloys mm in b.w.g. Minimum tube pitch Clean service (300 or 600) mm in Fouling service (450 and 900) mm in 15.88
    5 8

    19.05
    3 4

    25.40 1 2.77 0.109 12 2.11 0.083 14 31.75 1 31.75 1

    31.75 1 3.40 0.134 10 2.77 0.109 12 39.69


    9 116

    1.65 0.065 16 1.24 0.049 18 19.84


    25 32

    2.11 0.083 14 1.65 0.065 16 23.81


    15 16

    22.22
    7 8

    25.40 1

    39.69 116
    9

    THERMAL DESIGN FEATURES


    TUBE LENGTH
    Tube Length mm The sizes which are often regarded as standard for both straight and Utubes
    2438 3658 4877 6096 7315

    ft
    8 12 16 20 24

    The maximum tube length for removable bundle exchangers may be restricted to about 9 m, with a maximum bundle weight of about 200 tons.

    The maximum tube length for fixed tubesheet exchangers is less important but may be limited to about 15 m.

    THERMAL DESIGN FEATURES

    Pitch pattern triangular rotated triangular square rotated square

    Nature of Pitch angle shell-side fluid 300 600 900 450 clean clean fouling fouling

    Flow regime all

    Nowadays, never used 300 best


    turbulent laminar

    Fluid Properties, Fluid Allocation


    Data sifat-sifat fisika fluida harus seakurat mungkin, tetapi karena umumnya sifat fisika campuran harus dihitung atau di-estimasi, tidak ada nilai pasti dalam menentukan true film temperature.

    Corrosion
    Fewer costly alloy or clad components are needed if the corrosive fluid is inside the tubes.

    Fouling
    This can be minimized by placing the fouling fluid in the tubes to allow better velocity control; increased velocities tend to reduce fouling

    Temperature
    For high-temperature services requiring expensive alloy materials, fewer alloy materials, fewer alloy components are needed when the hot fluid is placed on the tubeside.

    Pressure
    Placing a high-pressure stream in the tubes will require fewer (more costly) high-pressure components.

    Fluid Properties, Location


    Pressure Drop
    For the same pressure drop, higher heat-transfer coefficients are obtained on the tube-side.

    Viscosity
    Higher heat-transfer rates are generally obtained by placing a viscous fluid on the shellside.

    Toxic and Lethal Fluids


    Generally, the toxic fluid should be placed on the tubeside, using a double tubesheet to minimize the possibility of leakage.

    Flowrate
    Placing the fluid with the lower flowrate on the shellside usually results in a more economical design.

    THERMAL DESIGN FEATURES


    TUBE PITCH ARRANGEMENTS

    300

    Pitch

    TRIANGULAR (300)

    THERMAL DESIGN FEATURES


    TUBE PITCH ARRANGEMENTS

    Pitch 600

    ROTATED TRIANGULAR (600)

    THERMAL DESIGN FEATURES


    TUBE PITCH ARRANGEMENTS

    Pitch

    SQUARE (900)

    THERMAL DESIGN FEATURES


    TUBE PITCH ARRANGEMENTS

    450

    Pitch

    ROTATED SQUARE (600)

    THERMAL DESIGN FEATURES


    Type 1 Number of Stationary end Rear end passes

    TYPICAL TUBE PASS LAYOUTS

    Type 2 Stationary end Rear end

    Type 3 Stationary end Rear end

    1 2 2

    Full lines indicate gasket pattern at stationary and rear ends. Indicates plane of U bends Indicates acceptable arrangement for longitudinal baffle (F-, G- and H- type shells)

    1 4 2 3 4

    1 2

    1 3

    2 3

    1 2 4 3

    1 2 4

    3 4

    1 6 3 4 6 2 5 3 4

    1 2 5 6

    1 4 5

    2 3 6

    1 4 5

    2 3 6

    1 2 3 4 5 6

    1 2 3 4 5 6

    THERMAL DESIGN FEATURES


    Type 1 Number of Stationary end Rear end passes

    TYPICAL TUBE PASS LAYOUTS


    1 1 2 5 6 8 3 4 7 8 2 5 6 1 4 5 8 2 3 6 7

    Type 2 Stationary end Rear end

    Type 3 Stationary end Rear end

    3 4 7

    1 4 5 8

    2 3 6 7

    1 4 5 3 6 8 2 7 4 5

    1 3 7 8 2 6

    10

    3 4 7 8

    1 2 5 6 9 3 4

    2 5 6 9

    1 4 5 8

    7 8
    10

    2 3 6 7

    10

    9 10

    1 4 5 8 9

    2 3 6 7 10

    1 5 4 6 7 3 2 8 9

    1 5 4 3 6 7 8 10 2 9

    10

    THERMAL DESIGN FEATURES


    CROSSBAFFLE ARRANGEMENTS
    Single segmental 2 1 1 2 w w

    w Double segmental 1

    w 2 1 w 2
    Floating-head support plates

    (w denotes baffle window)

    THERMAL DESIGN FEATURES


    CROSSBAFFLE ARRANGEMENTS
    w w Triple segmental 1 2 3 1 w 1 w w 2 w 3 w

    2
    No-tubesin-window (NTIW) int = intermediate suport
    int

    int

    (w denotes baffle window)

    THERMAL DESIGN FEATURES


    BAFFLE EDGE ORIENTATION
    Service Single phase clean Baffle edge Notes Either horizontal more common Prevents dirt settlement Enables condensate to flow freely

    Single phase fouling Vertical Condensing Vertical

    Vaporising

    Either

    Horizontal prevents stratification

    THERMAL DESIGN FEATURES


    TYPICAL TUBE PASS NUMBERS
    Exchanger type Fixed tubesheet U-tube Floating head Lantern ring Outside packed Split backing ring & pull through Notes: (1) Tubeside nozzles must be at stationary end for two passes. (2) Means to accommodate rear-end nozzle movement with odd number of passes. (3) Bellows or gland required at floating-head end for one pass. More common 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 2, 4 1, 2(1) 2, 4, 6, 8 1, 2, 4, 6, 8
    (3)

    Permissible but less common 3, 5, 10, 12, 14, etc. 6, 8 1, 3, 10, etc.
    (2)

    10, 12, 14, etc.

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