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    2 Kellifereday Downhole Problems

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    Chu Lưu
    2012 AAPL ANNUAL MEETING SPONSORS PLATINUM GOLD SILVER BRONZE GOLF a wholly owned subsidiary of ExxonMobil. Objective of this session is to turn these mysteries into understandable and solvable opportunities for improvement.

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    2 Kellifereday Downhole Problems

    Uploaded by

    Chu Lưu
    143 views26 pages
    2012 AAPL ANNUAL MEETING SPONSORS PLATINUM GOLD SILVER BRONZE GOLF a wholly owned subsidiary of ExxonMobil. Objective of this session is to turn these mysteries into understandable and solvable opportunities for improvement.

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    2012 AAPL ANNUAL MEETING SPONSORS PLATINUM GOLD SILVER BRONZE GOLF a wholly owned subsidiary of ExxonMobil. Objective of this session is to turn these mysteries into understandable and solvable opportunities for improvement.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    143 views26 pages

    2 Kellifereday Downhole Problems

    Uploaded by

    Chu Lưu
    2012 AAPL ANNUAL MEETING SPONSORS PLATINUM GOLD SILVER BRONZE GOLF a wholly owned subsidiary of ExxonMobil. Objective of this session is to turn these mysteries into understandable and solvable opportunities for improvement.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    2012 AAPL ANNUAL MEETING SPONSORS

    PLATINUM

    GOLD

    SILVER

    BRONZE

    SAN FRANCISCO SEMINAR

    GOLF

    A wholly owned subsidiary of ExxonMobil

    58th Annual Meeting - San Francisco June 13-16, 2012

    Downhole Drilling Problems: Drilling Mysteries Revealed!


    Kelli Fereday, BP

    AAPL - Copyright 2012. All Rights Reserved.

    Todays Goal
    Drillers have a term for downhole problems that can not be diagnoosed or understood:

    The objective of this session is to turn these mysteries into understandable and solvable opportunities for improvement

    AAPL - Copyright 2012. All Rights Reserved.

    Downhole Drilling Problems


    Industry Prevalence Types of Drilling Trouble Time Impact on Well Safety, Time, and Cost Causes and Diagnosis of Drilling Problems Examples and Remedies for Common Problems
    Downhole Failures Stuck Pipe Lost Circulation Wellbore Stability Well Control Q&A

    AAPL - Copyright 2012. All Rights Reserved.

    Typical Drilling Time Breakdown


    Making Hole!
    Invisible Lost Time 25% Non-Productive Time 25% Productive Time 50%

    Inefficient

    Drilling Problems

    Impact on the Industry


    Biggest Impact - HSE
    Many drilling problems are also associated with increased risk to personnel
    Example: Stuck Pipe May Require Jarring which can lead to dropped objects

    Example: Lost Circulation may lead to Lost of Well Control, resulting in potential Damage to the Environment, Fire and/or Harm to Personnel

    Impact on the Industry


    Efficiency
    Estimates are as much as 10-40% (25% on average) of drilling time is non-productive time! US Rig Count ~1980 rigs, projected need by 2017 is 2500, or approximately a 25% increase Imagine being able to close that gap through improvements in drilling performance alone. US E&P Budget is about $170BB annually - > $$$

    Baker Hughes Rig Count www.bakerhughes.com

    How do we diagnose NPT?


    Drilling Reports
    Rig Morning Reports Mud Reports Cuttings Analysis

    Downhole and Surface Measurements Benchmarking

    Sources of NPT Deepwater Industry Example

    Downhole Problems

    Equipment Problems

    Top Sources of Downhole Problems


    1. Downhole Equipment Failures 2. Downhole Cement Problems 3. 4. 5. 6. Stuck Pipe Lost Circulation Wellbore Stability Well Control
    Likely Related to Geology

    Downhole Equipment Failures


    A single equipment failure can
    Compromise the integrity of the well Cost Millions of Dollars to Repair

    Common Equipment Failures


    Casing Drillpipe Downhole Motors Downhole Measurement Tools
    MWD LWD Vector Motors www.nov.com

    Downhole Cement Problems


    Cement Left in Pipe
    Premature Setting Surface Equipment Pump Failures

    Cement Not Setting Properly


    Cement never sets Bad Shoe or No Shoe Test Cement allows for gas migration Cement seeps away into faults or fractures Partial or Total Losses

    Picture from Halliburton website: generic example of a cemented wellbore

    Stuck Pipe
    1. Differential Sticking
    Pressure-related The pipe is sucked up against the formation due to a difference in pressure

    2. Mechanical Sticking
    A mechanical obstruction Could be from the formation, wellbore geometry, or tool failure

    Differential Sticking A Pressure Problem

    Mechanical Sticking Dirty Wellbore


    Too many solids in the wellbore!
    Indications:
    higher pump pressure fill on bottom more pull required to move pipe excessive cuttings on shakers restricted circulation
    Formations Fall in on the pipe!

    Why?
    Unconsolidated Formations Poor Hole Cleaning

    Prevention
    maximise flow rates and rpm Better mud properties drill more slowly

    Mechanical Sticking Obstructions


    Obstructions
    Indications:
    more pull required to move pipe can still circulate Increased torque Unable to make hole
    Tool Failures or Junk in Hole

    Why?
    Junk in the Wellbore Hole Geometry

    Prevention
    equipment QA/QC housekeeping correct drillstring/BHA design
    Doglegs or Underguage Hole

    Stuck Pipe How do we get free?


    Pull Harder (but dont break it) Jar on Pipe Cut Pipe and Fish Increase or decrease circulation Pump other types of fluids or chemicals

    Lost Circulation
    Conventional drilling utilizes continuous fluid flow down the drillpipe to:
    Remove cuttings Maintain pressure Cool the bit

    Key indicator in understanding what is happening downhole Circulation must be maintained at all times If the circulation is interrupted because fluid is flowing into the formation, that is called Lost Circulation

    Lost Circulation - Causes

    Induced

    Lost Circulation - Solutions

    LCM Prevention

    Wellbore Stability
    An unstable wellbore can result in:
    Stuck Pipe Lost Circulation Loss of the entire wellbore

    2 Main causes are:


    Chemical Instability
    Reactive Formations

    Mechanical failure of wellbore


    Faults Insufficient Mud Weight

    Well Control
    Well Control means the ability to keep the hydrocarbons where they belong at all times in the ground. Common terms
    Taking a Kick Blowout

    Most dangerous downhole problem

    Well Control
    What causes loss of well control?
    Multiple Barrier Failures

    Equipment Failures Loss of fluid pressure in the pipe counteracting the natural pressure existing in the formation Industry Methods dealing with Well Control
    Wellbore Monitoring Well Kill Methods - how to safely remove hydrocarbons from the wellbore
    Circulating Methods Non-circulating Methods

    Mud

    BOP

    Pressure

    Industry Challenges
    The Great Crew Change
    Peak Age of Petroleum Engineers
    80 60 40 20 2000 2006 2012 43 50 60
    Pete Stark, VP of industry relations for IHS

    Well Complexity

    Technology Game-Changers
    Rig Automation Advanced Downhole Tools Real-time montioring Managed Pressure Drilling Simulators for Training

    www.weatherford.com

    Q&A

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