Prosthodontics/Dental Materials Q & A

Gianina Camille S. Gamboa, DMD

Complete Dentures

The shape and amount of the distobuccal extension of a complete mandibular edentulous impression is determined during border molding by the:
a. b.
c. d.

Ramus of the mandible Position and action of the masseter muscle Lateral pterygoid muscle Tone of the buccinator muscle

b. Position and action of the masseter muscle

b. Position and action of the masseter muscle

DISTOBUCCAL: Masseter Muscle DISTOLINGUAL: Superior Constrictor Muscle

The primary indicator of the accuracy of border molding is:

Adequate coverage of tray borders with the material used for border molding b. Contours of the periphery similar to the final form of the denture c. Stability and lack of displacement of the tray in the mouth d. Uniformly thick borders of the periphery
a.

b. Stability and lack of displacement of the tray in the mouth

For a maxillary denture, the primary stress bearing areas are the:
a. Maxillary tuberosity b. Horizontal process of

palatine bone c. Residual ridges d. Median palatine raphe

the

c. Residual ridges

Primary Secondary Stress Stress Bearing Area Bearing Area

Maxillary Slopes of the Palatal rugae residual ridges Buccal shelf Residual ridges

Mandibular

For a mandibular denture, the secondary peripheral seal area is the:

a. Retromylohyoid space b. Anterior lingual border c. Retromolar pad area d. Buccal shelf

b. Anterior lingual border

Sources of Retention for Mandibular Denture

1O : Retromylohyoid Space 2o: Anterior Lingual Border

A patient who wears a complete maxillary denture complains of a burning sensation in the palatal area of his mouth. This is indicative of too much pressure being exerted by the denture on the:
a. b. c. d.

Incisive foramen Palatal mucosa Hamular notch Posterior palatal seal

a. Incisive foramen

The primary role of anterior teeth on a denture is:

a. To incise food b. Occlusion c. Esthetics d. Stability of the

denture

c. Esthetics

The upper lip is supported by:

a.

b.
c. d.

All of the labial surface of the incisor One third of the labial surface of the incisor Two-thirds of the labial surface of the incisor Denture base and entire labial surface of the incisor

c. Two-thirds of the labial surface of the incisor

Posterior teeth that are set edge to edge may cause:

a. Gagging b. Cheek biting c. Reduced taste d. Speech aberrations

b. Cheek biting

 Lip biting : reduced muscle tone and / or a large anterior horizontal overlap. Tongue biting : posterior teeth too far lingually.

A midline fracture of the maxillary denture is most often due to the:

a. b. c. d.

Acrylic being too thin Excessive resorption of the alveolar ridge Use of poor grade acrylic Patient biting too hard

a. Acrylic being too thin

The most important benefit of an overdenture is:

The psychological comfort of avoiding the loss of all teeth b. The continuous functional feedback for the neuromuscular system from proprioceptors in the periodontal membrane c. The preservation of the alveolar ridge d. The improved support and stability for the denture
a.

c. The preservation of the alveolar ridge

In setting denture teeth, balanced occlusion may be accomplished by each of the following procedures EXCEPT:
Increasing or decreasing the plane of occlusion b. Tilting the respective teeth buccolingually, thus increasing the cuspal incline c. Increasing or decreasing the horizontal condylar setting d. None of these
a.

Condylar Guidance

Condylar Guidance

Vertical dimension relates to:

a. Physiologic

mandible b. Face length c. Interarch distance d. Freeway space

rest of the

Postural position is:

a. Muscle-guided b. Ligament-guided c. Bone-guided d. Tooth-guided

Three Basic Jaw Positions

Muscle Guided Ligament Guided Tooth Guided RESTING/ POSTURAL CENTRIC RELATION CENTRIC OCCLUSION

Jaw relations for an edentulous patient have been established. The maxillary cast has been mounted on an articulator without a facebow transfer. It is decided to increase the occlusal vertical dimension by __ mm. This will necessitate:
a. b. c. d.

An increase in the rest VD Opening the articulator A change in condylar guide settings A new centric relation record

Which of the following combinations of artificial teeth should not be used in complete maxillary and mandibular dentures?
a. b. c. d.

Anterior: Anterior: Anterior: Anterior:

Plastic, Posterior: Plastic Porcelain, Posterior: Porcelain Porcelain, Posterior: Plastic Plastic, Posterior: Porcelain

Removable Partial Dentures

In designing tooth-borne removable partial dentures, where are the rests placed?
a. b. c. d.

Anywhere On the abutments next to the edentulous space Rests can be omitted Farthest possible from the edentulous space

Increased bulk in the major connector is necessary if the:

I. Major connector is shorter than usual II. Major connector is larger than usual III. Framework is made of gold IV. Framework is to be made of cobaltchromium

a. IV b. II and c. II d. III

III

Which can provide retention if abutments do not have undercuts?

a. b. c. d.

Beading Tripoding Enameloplasty Tilting the cast

Contraindications of RPI systems are the following EXCEPT:

a. b. c. d.

Lingually tilted abutment Mesiobuccal undercut High buccal undercut Distobuccal undercut

RPI system

This attribute of the clasp will permit a slight degree of movement of the base without transmitting any appreciable amount of stress to the abutment:
a. b. c. d.

Reciprocity Stabilization Passivity Encirclement

The most common cause of breakage of occlusal rests:

a. Wrong casting procedure b. Structural failure of metal

framework c. Insufficient rest seat preparation d. Patient carelessness

Rests

Use or 1 bur Sufficient reduction to allow for bulk of metal to prevent fracture

Rests

Rounded,

triangular Spoon shaped 1/3 buccolingual width of tooth

Maxillary and mandibular removable partial denture frameworks have been independently adjusted for occlusion to allow natural teeth contacts. With both frameworks seated, it is noted that the natural teeth are not in contact. The premature contact exist between:
a.
b. c. d.

The mandibular framework and the natural upper teeth Opposing frameworks Natural teeth and pontics The maxillary framework and natural lower teeth

The following are done to remedy an RPD which snaps during insertion EXCEPT:
a.

b. c.
d.

Polish the internal surface of the clasp Shorten the end of direct retainer Grind the abutment tooth in the area of clasp contact Adjust clasp with clasp-bending pliers

The most important part of an RPD:

a. Major connector b. Rests c. Clasp d. Tissue stop

A supporting element of a RPD that prevents the vertical displacement the denture in a gingival direction:
a. Direct retainer b. Major connector c. Minor connectors d. Rests

Rests

In comparing clasp arms of the same diameter, contour, and length, the STIFFEST would be made of:
a. b. c. d.

Cobalt-chromium alloy Type II gold alloy Type III gold allow Type IV gold alloy

Which of the following does not influence the resiliency of the retentive arm clasp?
a. b. c. d.

Shape and taper Length Casting technique Diameter

Forces on one side of the arch causes lifting forces on the contralateral side of the arch. Which of the following can counteract such force?
a. Contour of denture base b. Direct retainer design c. All of these d. Denture base coverage

It is the muscle mostly responsible for positioning and translating the condyles. It contracts to cause mandibular protrusion.
a. Medial pterygoid b. Lateral pterygoid c. Masseter d. Buccinator

In removable partial denture design, guiding planes serve to:

a. b. c. d.

Aid in balancing occlusion Form right angles to the occlusal plane Eliminate the necessity for precision attachments Ensure predictable clasp retention

A distal extension RPD is one that receives its support from:

a. b.
c.

d.

Tissue only Mostly from tissue to a minor extent from the abutment teeth Mostly from the abutment teeth and to a minor extent from the tissue Equally from the abutment teeth and tissue

In a broad sense, blockout includes not only the areas crossed by the denture framework during seating and removal but also which of the following:
All of these Relief beneath connectors to avoid tissue impingement c. Ledges on which clasp patterns are to be placed d. Relief to provide for better attachment of the denture base to the framework
a. b.

When surveying a diagnostic cast, the selection of a suitable anteroposterior tilt is to:
Eliminate soft tissue undercuts in the retromylohyoid area b. Indicate the greatest available support for the RPD c. Provide relative parallelism among proximal tooth surfaces d. Provide suitable reciprocation for retentive clasp arm
a.

Relative Parallelism

Two circumferential clasps joined at the body:

a. Combination

clasp b. Multiple clasp c. Embrasure hook d. Embrasure clasp

The extension of the retention mesh in a distal extension RPD:

a. b. c. d.

Extend to retromolar pad 1/3 of the span of the residual ridge 2/3 of the span of the residual ridge 1/8 of the span of the residual ridge

Extension of Mesh

The properly designed lingual rest in a canine is preferred to a properly designed rest on the incisal surface because:
Less leverage is exerted against the tooth by lingual rest b. Visibility as well as access to lingual surface is better c. The cingulum of the canine provide a natural surface for the recess d. The enamel is thicker in the lingual surface
a.

Which indirect retainer will provide the best leverage against lifting of the denture base?
The rest closest to the clasp tips which is located furthest from the edentulous area b. The rest furthest from the clasp tips which is located nearest to the edentulous area c. The rest furthest from the clasp tips which is located furthest from the edentulous area d. It does not matter
a.

Fixed Partial Dentures

The finish line of choice when fabricating an allceramic crown is:

a. Shoulder b. Bevel c. Chamfer d. Shoulder

with bevel

Finish Lines
Shoulder Chamfer Bevel/ Feather edge Ceramic Metal, cast gold Cast gold

Knife edge Shoulder with bevel

Tilted abutments Proximal box of inlays, occlusal shoulder of mandibular crowns, labial margins of metalceramic crowns

Which of the following pontic designs is commonly used in the appearance zone?
a. Hygienic/sanitary b. Saddle c. Modified ridge lap d. All of the above

Resistance to displacement for a short walled preparation on a large tooth can be improved by:
a. Placing axial grooves b. Lengthening the crown c. Preparing parallel walls d. All of the above

If the occlusal surface of a metal restoration is porcelain, the clearance required is

a. 1 mm b. 1.5 mm c. 2 mm d. .05 mm

FPD Preparation Reduction

Metal Ceramic Crown
Incisal/ Occlusal Labial Lingual Axial 1.5 2.0 mm 1.2 1.5 mm 0.5 1.0 mm 1.2 mm

All Ceramic Crown

2.0 mm 1.5 2.0 mm 1.5 - 2.0 mm 1.5 2.0 mm

Cast Metal Crown

0.8 mm 0.5 1.0 mm 0.5 1.0 mm 0.5 1.0 mm

When preparing partial crown on a maxillary incisor, the promixal grooves should be parallel to the:
a. b. c. d.

Long axis of the tooth Gingival 2/3 of the labial surface Incisal 2/3 of the labial surface Middle third of the labial surface

Take Note:
Anterior Partial Crowns: parallel to the incisal 2/3 of labial surface

Posterior Partial Crowns: parallel to the long axis of the tooth

One of the general requirements of a good luting agent is film thickness, the desired thickness is: a. 10-20 microns b. 25-30 microns c. 35-40 microns d. None of the above

Luting Agents
ADA

Spec 96 Requirements low film thickness (<25m) strength over 70MPa low solubility reasonable setting time

Three

luting agents meet all the ADA Spec 96 requirements: ZnPO4, Zinc Polycarboxylate, Glass Ionomer.

The thickness of metal coping needed to resist deformation under occlusal pressure:
a. 0.5 0.75 mm b. 0.1 0.3 mm c. 0.3 0.5 mm d. 0.75 1.1 mm

The minimum acceptable crown:root ratio

a. 1:1 b. 1:2 c. 2:3 d. 1:3

 Ideal

crown:root ratio = 1:2 Acceptable crown:root ratio = 1:1 Root surface area and configuration should be checked as well.

Electrosurgery can be used to retract the soft tissues prior to impression taking. This method may be used for very thick and healthy gingiva as well as very thin, soft tissues without significant loss of tissue height. a. 1st statement is true, 2nd statement is false b. 1st statement is false, 2nd statement is true c. Both statements are false d. Both statements are true

After a few months that a dentist has restored an endodontically treated tooth with a cast-post crown, the patient complains of pain upon biting, the most probable cause is:
a. Vertical fracture b. Psychosomatic c. Premature contact d. Loose crown

Restoring Endodontically Treated Teeth with Post and Core

Length:

equal the crown length or two thirds the length of the root Remaining apical fill: at least 4 mm Diameter: 1/3 width of tooth

Causes of an imperfect fitting restoration are the following EXCEPT:

a. b.

c.
d.

Ill fitting provisional restoration Nodule at the internal surface of castings Porosities on the internal surface of castings Non parallel axial walls

Overcontoured crowns are most often the result of:

a. Overbuilding by technicians b. Periodontal consideration c. The need for added retention d. Insufficient tooth reduction

Even if the retentive quality of the acrylic temporary crown is excellent, the crown should be cemented onto the tooth. In such a case, the cement would serve primarily to:
a. b. c. d.

Soothe the pulp Provide thermal protection Prevent marginal leakage Retain the restoration

For patients with medical condition such as certain types of cardiovascular disease or hyperthyroidism, this is used for cold impregnation:
a. b. c. d.

Alum Alcohol Sodium sulfate Racemic epinephrine

In order to select the proper color of cement for cementing a porcelain jacket crown, the cement powder being tested is mixed with:
a. HCl b. Cement liquid c. Alcohol d. Glycerin water

solution

Dental Materials
Part Four

The elastic modulus is a measure of:

a. Viscoelasticity b. Toughness c. Stiffness d. Plasticity

Mechanical Properties
Stress Resistance to force (force/area)

Strain Elastic Limit Proportional Limit

Yield Strength

Deformation Endure stress w/o deformation Stress proportional to strain Permanent strain

Mechanical Properties
Elastic Modulus Resilience Siffness/ rigidity; ration of stress to strain Max amount of energy without permanent deformation Resistance to fracture

Toughness

Ductility
Malleability

Ability to be drawn into wire; percent elongation

Ability to be hammered into thin sheets; percent compression

Mechanical Properties
Hardness Ability to resist indentation DEFORMATION Creep Flow Set solid Material not completely set

The following are considered the dimensions of color, EXCEPT: a. Hue b. Value c. Transparency d. Chroma

Composite resin has, to a large extent, replaced unfilled direct filling resin as a restorative material. The main advantage of composites is their:
a. b. c. d.

Aesthetic excellence Thermal coefficient of expansion Higher solubility in saliva Lower modulus of elasticity

Enamel Gold Composite GIC/Silicates Amalgam Unfilled Resin

CTEX 11.4 x 10-6/OC 14 x 10-6/OC 14-50 x 10-6/OC 20 - 25 x 10-6/OC 25 x 10-6/OC 50-70 x 10-6/OC

CTEX of Dental Materials

Most Common Causes of Failure

Composite: recurrent Amalgam: fracture of

caries material

The chemical phenomena that occurs in setting of glass ionomer cements.

a. Crosslinking b. Chelation c. Polymerization d. Acid-Base

The temperature at which the material is rigid is known as the:

a. Gelation temperature b. Colloidal temperature c. Dispersion temperature d. Sol temperature

Setting of Reversible Hydrocolloids

Hysteresis 37-50C: SOLGEL 70-100C: GEL SOL

Elastomeric impression materials that give off water and heat as by product.
a. Polyether b. Hydrocolloid c. Silicone d. Polysulfide

Among the rubber based impression compounds, which is the least dimensionally stable?

Condensation Silicone b. Addition Silicone c. Polyether d. Polysulfide

a.

Addition Silicone > Polyether > Polysulfide > Condensation Silicone Condensation silicone is least stable due to volatile by product (alcohol).

Dimensional Stability among Elastomers

Impression material longest shelf life.

a. Polyether b. Hydrocolloid c. Silicone d. Agar

with

It increases the setting time and reduces the setting expansion of an amalgam filling.
a. Zinc b. Silver c. Tin d. Copper

It is the scavenger of oxides in an amalgam filling.

a. Zinc b. Silver c. Tin d. Copper

Platinum is added to gold alloys to be used as clasps in order to:

a. Prevent shrinkage b. Prevent expansion c. Give elasticity d. Give strength

A constituent of base metal alloy which increases hardness and strength but is kept at a minimum amount as they may cause brittleness?

Cobalt b. Chromium c. Nickel d. Carbon

a.

Asbestos is used as a lining in a casting ring to:

a. b. c. d.

Insulate against thermal conductivity Allow for expansion of the investment Prevent fracture of the investment Facilitate removal of the investment after casting

Non-Asbestos Ring Liners

Aluminum

Silicate Ceramic Liner Cellulose (Paper) Liner

The procedure of removing surface tarnish or oxidation is:

a. Soldering b. Boiling c. Casting d. Pickling

Commonly Asked Procedures

Quenching sudden cooling to room temp Annealing controlled cooling to increase ductility and strength Pickling remove surface oxides in HCl Investing prepare pattern and cover with investment material in a casting ring Degassing burning off remaining impurities

A porcelain jacket crown will fracture when it is:

a. Subjected

to tensile forces by the opposing teeth b. Subjected to tensile forces by adjacent teeth c. Fabricated for the mandibular incisors d. Used in an end-to-end occlusion

Bite registration material used to make an accurate interocclusal record should have what important characteristic?
Offer a maximum resistance to the patient's jaw closure and have high flow at mixing b. Offer a maximum resistance to the patient's jaw closure and have low flow at mixing c. Offer a minimum resistance to the patient's jaw closure and have high flow at mixing d. Offer a minimum resistance to the patient's jaw closure and have low flow at mixing
a.

What is the major component of an inlay wax?

a. b. c. d.

Gum Dammar Ceresin Paraffin Carnauba

Paraffin (40-60%) Gum Dammar Ceresin

Flake easily

Reduce flakiness; increase toughness

Replace part of the Paraffin to modify toughness and carving characteristics Carnauba/ Decrease flow; improves Candelilla glossiness

Inlay Wax

This material is used to outline the area to be soldered in order to restrict the flow of solder:
a. b. c. d.

Flux Copper wire Soldering material Antiflux

Soldering
Most commonly used material: Flux borax oxidative cleaning for good wetting Antiflux soft graphite pencil restrict flow

The principal constituent of dental stone:

a. Beta-calcium

hemihydrate b. Alpha-calcium sulfate hemihydrate c. Borax d. Diatomaceous earth

sulfate

Type I

Type II Type III

Impression Plaster Model Plaster Dental Stone/ Hydrocal Die Stone/ Densite

-Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate - Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate High strength stone

Type IV

GYPSUM

Which component of gypsumbonded investment material provides expansion?

Opaquer b. Refractory material c. Modifier d. Binder

a.

Gypsum-bonded Investment Material

Binder
-holds the investment together

calcium sulfate hemihydrate (stone) Silica in the form of quartz and cristoballite

Refractory material
-responsible for thermal expansion necessary to compensate casting shrinkage

Modifier
-improve physical properties

Boric acid and sodium; Chlorides

Which component of porcelain serves as matrix for high fusing quartz?

Feldspar b. Quartz c. Kaolin d. Metallic oxides

a.

Dental Porcelain
Feldspar Purpose Matrix for quartz Refractory skeleton Strengthener Binder Impart shade

Quartz Kaolin Metallic oxides

 Fritting

solid to powder Sintering - powder to a solid

Processes for Porcelain