Three Wheeler Air Compressed Vehicle (Manufacturing)

CAPSTONE PROJECT (PART I) REPORT
(Project Term August-December, 2012)
Three Wheeler Air Compressed Vehicle

(Manufacturing)
Submitted by
Registration Number: 10902561
Om Kaushik
Shakil Ali Khan
Vinay Kumar Yadav
Kumar Manjeet
Deepak Kumar Jena

Project Group Number: G118

Under the Guidance of
Mr. Harmesh Lal - Assistant Professor
INTRODUCTION
THE RESEARCH
INTRODUCTION
TOTOTHE
RESEARCH
This project is to study about the designing, building and
fabrication of 3- Wheel Compressed Air Vehicle. Other than that, it
is important to study on selection of Compressed Air Tank,
Pneumatic Motor, Chain and Sprocket and Suspension System for
the project.
This project will help us to built a 3 Wheel Compressed Air Vehicle
and also make us to get familiarize with all the mechanical
equipments used to built the vehicle.
Furthermore, the strong concern is to obtain better and efficient
pollution free vehicle.
P R O B L E M S T AT E M E N T
Gasoline emission pollutes the air and the price of oil is also
soaring. Therefore research on sustainable energy is being carried
out worldwide. One of such technology is use of compressed air
vehicles. In the present market scenario, cost reduction
techniques are playing significant role to meet the competition in
the market.
This project will focus on weight reduction, simplicity in design
and application of techniques so that the vehicle that is to be
made is efficient and is also economical in nature.
But it will still have more chances of improvement by means of
feedback of failure as and when it occurs.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

1. To design 3 Wheel Compressed Air Vehicle which is
powered by an air engine, using compressed air, that
is stored in a tank.
2. This project will focus on weight reduction.
3. It will also focus on simplicity in design and
application of techniques so that the vehicle can be
made much more efficient and is also economical in
nature.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY

In order to develop an Air Compressed Vehicle which is
powered by an air engine, using compressed
air.
Compressed air is a new viable form of power that allows
the accumulation and transport of energy.
The principle of compressed-air propulsion is to pressurize
the storage tank and then connect it to a pneumatic motor of
the vehicle. Instead of mixing fuel with air and burning it in
the engine to drive pistons with hot expanding gases,
compressed air vehicles (CAV) use the expansion of
compressed air to drive the motor. Thus, this making the
technology free from difficulties.
L I T E R ATU RE R E V I E W
Journal 1: Air Powered Vehicles by Dr. S.S.Verma
Department of Physics, S.L.I.E.T. {Deemed to be
University), Longowal,Dist:Sangmr (Puniab)-148 106
1. Transportation are becoming more expensive and

impractical especially from an environmental point of
view.
2. Such factors are leading vehicle manufacturers to
develop vehicles fueled by alternative energies.
3. Engineers are directing their efforts to make use of air
as an energy source to run the vehicles which will
make future bikes and light/small cars running with
air power for daily routine distances and the travel
will be free from pollution and cost effective.
4.The use of compressed air for storing energy is a

method that is not only efficient and clean, but also
economical.
5.The major problem with compressed air cars was the
lack of torque produced by the "engines" and the cost of
compressing the air.
Journal 2: Compressed Air Car Dr. S.S. Thipse, Assistant Director

Engine Development Laboratory, Automotive Research
Association of India (ARAI).
In this paper author has concentrated mainly on design

and fabrication of Air Compressed Vehicle and also the
working of the Pneumatic Motor.
1. It is seen that, the weight of chassis contributed to
40% of weight of Compressed Air Vehicle. Thus, for
better performance of the vehicle, the weight of the
chassis needs to be reduced. As the fabrication of
chassis is carried out on the basis of intuition only,
equalization of stress in all parts of the chassis is not
carried out.
2. An effort is made to reduce & equalize the stress levels by

modifying the cross sections of members of Existing Chassis, so
that advantage of weight reduction & its equalization for safe stress
can be obtained.
3. Approximately 100 litre of compressed air is stored in mild steel
tank in the vehicle. The engine is powered by compressed air,
stored in tank at 0.7 MPa.
4. The pneumatic motor has an advantage of working in low
pressure, that is even a pressure of 6-7 bar is enough for
operating the pneumatic motor. The pressurized air passing
through the tubes from the compressed tank forces the
pneumatic motor which in turn rotates the chain and sprocket
arrangement which is connected to the wheels.
MOTOR WORKING
Motor used Pneumatic type
Pneumatic motor operated by compressed air from the
air tank.
Compressor-
(a) used for filling the air tank

(b) takes in air at certain pressure and delivers at
high pressure.
DESCRIPTION OF VARIOUS
COMPONENTS
COMPRESSED AIR TANK
Used for storing compressed air
To exert force by the application of pressure in storage
Material used in forming air tank- Mild steel and Carbon
fiber.
Thickness 0.5cm
Volume 100 liters.
PNEUMATIC MOTOR
Mechanical work produced-expanded compressed air
Work produced through rotary motion
Rotary motion supplied from rotary motor
Rotary motor convert fluid power into shaft power
FRL(Filter, Regulator &Lubricator)
The service unit is made up of a compressed air filter with

water separator and a pressure control valve. The lubricator
enriches the compressed air with oil.
WHEELS
Number of wheels 3 wheels dimension diameter of 15
cm
3L BAR ROD
3L metallic bar used to make a triangular shaped chassis for
the vehicle.
Material used Plain carbon steel.
Thickness 8.046mm
PLY WOOD/WOODEN PLATE

Used for making the base of vehicle to fit into the triangular
shaped chassis.
Dimension 12mm thickness.
SCREWS , BOLTS AND NUTS

For tightening and joining and various
parts of the vehicle.
PRESSURE GAUGE
Used for adjusting pressure control valves
to required valves and for determining the

forces being exerted by a cylinder or the
torque of a hydraulic motor.
Pressure gauge used Bourdon tube
SPRINGS AND STRIPS FOR

SUSPENSION SYSTEM
Compression springs are used.
Springs provide cushioning when a wheel hits a bump in the
road.
U-shaped metallic strips being used.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
CALCULATION PART
SHEAR STRESS AND BENDING
MOMENT DIAGRAM FOR BEAMS

POWER ESTIMATION
USEFUL DATA
Inside diameter of the cylinder di=30cm
Length of the cylinder h=0.75m
Maximum yield stress for mild steel ys= 370 MPa
Density of mild steel =7860 kg/m3
Weight of the solid W= 331.481 N
Weight of air = 0.4281 N
Weight of person = 784.8 N
DIAGRAM OF BEAM STRUCTURE
CALCULATION OF POWER
ESTIMATION
Total mass for design M = 120 kg
Velocity of motion v = 10 km/hr
Power required at the wheels P = 1144.5 W
Power of motor Pmotor = 1430.625 W
Diameter of the wheels d = 15 cm
Angular velocity = 37.03 rad/s
Torque available at the wheels Tw = 30.90 Nm.
Beam GH=0.8588m
Beam GH
For plain carbon steel;

Maximum yield stress in tension
yt= 370 MPa

Maximum bending moment Mb =
39.928 N-m at a distance of

0.4294 m from point G.
Beam IJ=0.664m
Beam IJ

0.332 m from point I.
Beam CA=1.5m
Beam CA

0.997 m from point C.
COMPRESSED AIRVEHICLE IN PROE
VARIOUS PARTS
GANTT CHART
REFERENCES
BOOKS
Fluid Power by Anthony Esposito, 5 th Edition
Mechanics of Materials by Andrew Pytel Jaan
Kiusalaas
Theory of Machines by S S Rattan
Manufacturing Process by R.B. Gupta B.K.
Gupta
Design Data Book by PSG Coimbatore
Dr. R.K. Bansal Strength of Material , Laxmi
Publication Ltd, 3 rd edition, 1998
JOURNALS
Air Powered Vehicles Dr. S.S.Verma
Department of Physics, S.L.I.E.T. {Deemed to be
University),
Longowal, Distt.-Sangmr (Puniab)-148 106
Compressed Air Car Dr. S.S. Thipse
Assistant Director
Engine Development Laboratory
Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI)
WEBSITES
www.idsc.ethz.ch/.../vehicle_dynamics.../3_0_Forwar
d_Vehicle_Dyn...
http://www.eplastics.com/Plastic/Plexiglass_Acrylic_
Profiles/ACRLBAR-750X1-750
http://www.roymech.co.uk/Useful_Tables/Tribology/c
o_of_frict.htm
http://www.freestudy.co.uk/fluid
%20power/motors.pdf
http://www.boltdepot.com/fastenerinformation/Type-Chart.aspx

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CAPSTONE PROJECT (PART I) REPORT

(Project Term August-December, 2012)

Three Wheeler Air Compressed Vehicle

Registration Number: 10902849

Project Group Number: G118

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

1. Transportation are becoming more expensive and

4.The use of compressed air for storing energy is a

Journal 2: Compressed Air Car Dr. S.S. Thipse, Assistant Director

In this paper author has concentrated mainly on design

2. An effort is made to reduce & equalize the stress levels by

(a) used for filling the air tank

FRL(Filter, Regulator &Lubricator)

The service unit is made up of a compressed air filter with

PLY WOOD/WOODEN PLATE

SCREWS , BOLTS AND NUTS

parts of the vehicle.

to required valves and for determining the

SPRINGS AND STRIPS FOR

MOMENT DIAGRAM FOR BEAMS

DIAGRAM OF BEAM STRUCTURE

For plain carbon steel;

yt= 370 MPa

39.928 N-m at a distance of

Maximum bending moment Mb =

130.39 N-m at a distance of

Maximum bending moment Mb =

154.49 N-m at a distance of

COMPRESSED AIRVEHICLE IN PROE

Engine Development Laboratory

Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI)

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