Governing Kwu

GOVERNING SYSTEM
To regulate the speed of the Turbine at various

loads in a isolating set
To regulate the load as per the frequency
demand when working in a grid network.OR to
participate in the control of system frequency
To prevent and protect the turbine from over
speeding.
To allow on line testing of various safety
protections .
To enable the tripping of TG set in the event of
actuation of protections.
Safe and healthy loading of the TG Set
TYPES OF GOVERNING-I
Nozzle Governing
Throttle governing
Bypass Governing
Governing is effected by varying the amount of
steam which is further done by changing the
positions of control valves.
Any Throttling of Steam will lead to losses . In
governing system along with the change of
quantity of steam the quality of the steam also
changes. Therefore Throttling should be
minimum.
THROTTLE GOVERNING
NOZZLE GOVERNIMG
All the valves in a set opens or The Valves in a set opens or

closes simultaneously / together closes consequentially or in a
sequence
It is a Full arc Admission
Turbine
It is a Partial Arc admission

turbine except at full Load.
It is most suitable for full load or It is good for Low load or

based Load plants
variable load turbines.
No operational Problems
May have operational Problem at

partial Loads
BYPASS GOVERNING
It is employed in small capacity turbines
running on high pressure conditions and with
small blading dimensions.
Here the loading up to appx 80% ( Economic
loading ) is met by normal control valves
feeding the First stage. For higher loading , to
supply more steam which is not possible due to
small blading dimensions ( can lead to
operational problems) the extra quantity of the
steam is fed to the intermediate section of
turbine bypassing the initial high pressure
stages.
TYPES OF GOVERNING-II
Constant Pressure Mode: Here pressure
upstream of control valves is kept constant and
change is made by changing the position of
control valves.
Variable Pressure mode:Here control valves are
in full open position and pressure upstream of
control valves varies proportionately with the load
requirement.
Response of Constant pressure Mode is much
faster than Variable pressure mode, but Constant
pressure leads to more losses.
TYPE OF GOVERNING -III

Mechanical: Transducer is mechanical
centrifugal speed governor which actuates
controls valves through mechanical linkages.
Hydro mechanical: Here transducer is a
centrifugal speed governor .It is connected to
a Hydraulic system where the signal is
amplified so that Control valves servomotor
can be actuated.
Hydraulic: Here speed transducer is a
centrifugal pump whose discharge pressure
is proportional to square of speed. This signal
is sent to hydraulic converter which
generates
a signal which is proportional to valve

opening/Closure is required. Before applying it
to control valves servomotor this signal is
suitably modified.
Electro Hydraulic:Here transducer can be
electrical or Electronic. The generated signal
after processed electronically and electrically
is fed to a Electro- hydraulic converter which
converts electrical signal into Hydraulic
signal.Hydraulic signal before applying to
control valve servomotor is suitably amplified.
REGULATION
Regulation % of Turbine is defined as
(No load Speed - Full Load speed) X 100 %
( Nominal Speed)
It varies from 2.0% to 8%
Normally it is 4 to 5 %
Turbine having less regulation will be more
sensitive in the grid and hence will share
more load and vice versa
Normally base load plant has high regulation
and Peak load plant has small regulation.
210/200 MW LMZ TURBINES

GOVENING SYSTEM
FEATURES
Control oil and lube oil are

same. No FRF is used
It is low pressure governing
system .Control oil is at 20
kg/cmsq
HYDROMECHANICAL
Speed governor is purely
mechanical device and can
control speed in the range of
300- 3450 rpm
NOZZLE GOVERNING
IT has SINGLE CHANNEL GOVERNING

SYSTEM ONLY
CONSTANT PRESSURE
PRINCIPLE
DIFFERENTIATOR ~~~~
ANTICIPATORY DEVICE~~~~
LOAD THROW OFF DEVICE
IT HAS ADDITIONAL
OVERSPEED HYDRAULIC
PROTECTION AT 14-15%
Components
Load /speed control pilot valve

Follow pilot valve
Summation pilot valve
Speed governor
Emergency governor
Over speed governor
Differentiator
Intermediate pilot valve
CVSM
EHC
ISPUG
ESV,IV,HPT and IPT Control valves & their servomotors
Load Limiter( Purely mechanical)
Various Oil Names
Control oil 20 kg/cm sq

Protection oil 20 kg/cm sq
Charging Oil 20 kg/cm sq
Primary oil 7.7 kg/cm sq
Secondary oil 10.3 kg/cm sq
Differentiator oil 8.9 kg/cm sq
MOP suction oil 1 kg/cm sq
PROTECTION
Over speed 11-15%

Axial shift High
Low Vacuum < 540 mm Hg
Low lube oil pressure < 0.3 kg/cmsq
MS temperature low
HPH level high

Governing Kwu

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GOVERNING SYSTEM

To regulate the speed of the Turbine at various

All the valves in a set opens or The Valves in a set opens or

It is a Partial Arc admission

It is most suitable for full load or It is good for Low load or

May have operational Problem at

TYPE OF GOVERNING -III

a signal which is proportional to valve

210/200 MW LMZ TURBINES

Control oil and lube oil are

IT has SINGLE CHANNEL GOVERNING

Load /speed control pilot valve

Various Oil Names

Control oil 20 kg/cm sq

Over speed 11-15%

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