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    Cycle Works

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    Sivarekha K
    The document discusses cyclic processes in thermodynamics. A cyclic process occurs when a system returns to its initial state. For cyclic processes, the net work done equals the net heat transfer according to the first law of thermodynamics. The document then describes several important thermodynamic cycles including the Otto, Diesel, dual, Brayton, Rankine, and Carnot cycles. Each cycle follows a specific set of thermodynamic steps involving processes like compression, expansion, heating, and cooling.

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    Cycle Works

    Uploaded by

    Sivarekha K
    35 views18 pages
    The document discusses cyclic processes in thermodynamics. A cyclic process occurs when a system returns to its initial state. For cyclic processes, the net work done equals the net heat transfer according to the first law of thermodynamics. The document then describes several important thermodynamic cycles including the Otto, Diesel, dual, Brayton, Rankine, and Carnot cycles. Each cycle follows a specific set of thermodynamic steps involving processes like compression, expansion, heating, and cooling.

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    cycle works in thermodynamic processes

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    CYCLE WORKS

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    The document discusses cyclic processes in thermodynamics. A cyclic process occurs when a system returns to its initial state. For cyclic processes, the net work done equals the net heat transfer according to the first law of thermodynamics. The document then describes several important thermodynamic cycles including the Otto, Diesel, dual, Brayton, Rankine, and Carnot cycles. Each cycle follows a specific set of thermodynamic steps involving processes like compression, expansion, heating, and cooling.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    35 views18 pages

    Cycle Works

    Uploaded by

    Sivarekha K
    The document discusses cyclic processes in thermodynamics. A cyclic process occurs when a system returns to its initial state. For cyclic processes, the net work done equals the net heat transfer according to the first law of thermodynamics. The document then describes several important thermodynamic cycles including the Otto, Diesel, dual, Brayton, Rankine, and Carnot cycles. Each cycle follows a specific set of thermodynamic steps involving processes like compression, expansion, heating, and cooling.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    CYCLE WORKS

    CONTENTS:
    • Cyclic Process
    • Formula For Cyclic Process
    • PV Diagram For Cyclic Process
    • Work Done
    • Types of cycles in Thermodynamics:
    1. Otto Cycle
    2. Diesel Cycle
    3. Dual Cycle
    4. Brayton Cycle
    5. Rankine Cycle
    6. Carnot Cycle ( Ideal Cycle)
    CYCLIC PROCESS
    • The process in which the initial and final states are the same is
    known as a cyclic process.
    • Applying the first law of thermodynamics
    to a cyclic process ,we get
    FORMULA FOR CYCLIC PROCESS:
    • Because the internal energy is a state variable in the cyclic process,
    ∆U=0,
    i.e., the internal change is zero. Internal energies are equal at the start
    and at the end.
    • When we apply the first law of thermodynamics to a cyclic process, we
    get the following formula:
    ∆Q=∆U+W
    • Since, ∆U=0 ∆Q=W
    P-V DIAGRAM FOR CYCLIC PROCESS:
    A closed curve represents the cyclic process in the PV diagram.
    WORK DONE IN CYCLE PROCESS:
    In a cyclic process, since the system returns to its initial state, the change in internal energy
    must be zero. Therefore, by first law of thermodynamics, the net heat given to the system
    must be equal to the net work done by the system.

    Net work done in cyclic process


    OTTO CYCLE
    • The Otto Cycle is a petroleum fuel based internal combustion engine
    operating under a four stroke cycle.
    • State 1 ➔ 2: Isentropic compression of a trapped mass of gas inside
    the heat engine.
    • State 2 ➔ 3: Constant volume heat transfer to the gas from an
    external source.
    • State 3 ➔ 4: Isentropic expansion of the gas
    • State 4 ➔ 1: Constant volume heat rejection to an external sink while
    the piston remains at bottom dead center.
    DIESEL CYCLE
    • The Diesel engine is a heat engine: it converts heat into work.
    • Here, Win – The work done
    Qin – The energy that enters the system as heat
    Wout – Energy that is transferred out of the system
    • 1→2 : isentropic compression of the fluid (blue)
    • 2→3 : constant pressure heating (red)
    • 3→4 : isentropic expansion (yellow)
    • 4→1 : constant volume cooling (green)
    DUAL CYCLE
    • The dual cycle, also known as the limited pressure cycle, is a thermodynamic cycle
    that combines the Otto and Diesel cycles into one.
    • In the dual cycle, combustion takes place in two stages: constant volume and
    constant pressure. It’s a term that can be applied to internal combustion engines.
    • Isentropic compression (compression stroke) – The gas is compressed
    adiabatically from state 1 to state 2
    • Isochoric compression (ignition phase) – phase
    between state 2 and state 3
    • Isobaric expansion (power stroke) – between
    state 3 and state 4
    • Isentropic expansion (power stroke) – between
    state 4 to state 5
    • Isochoric decompression (exhaust stroke) -
    between state 5 to state 1.
    BRAYTON CYCLE
    • The Brayton cycle (or Joule cycle) represents the operation of a gas
    turbine engine.
    • The cycle consists of four processes.
    RANKINE CYCLE
    • The Rankine cycle is the fundamental operating cycle of all power plants
    where an operating fluid is continuously evaporated and condensed.
    • The Rankine cycle operates in the following steps:
    1. Isobaric Heat Transfer.
    2. Isentropic Expansion.
    3. Isobaric Heat Rejection.
    4. Isentropic Compression.
    CARNOT CYCLE
    • A Carnot cycle is defined as an ideal reversible closed thermodynamic cycle. Four
    successive operations are involved: isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion,
    isothermal compression, and adiabatic compression. During these operations, the
    expansion and compression of the substance can be done up to the desired point and
    back to the initial state.
    STAGES OF CARNOT CYCLE:

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