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Unit 5: Modals To Express Degrees of Necessity

This document discusses modals used to express degrees of necessity. It explains: 1) Modals are auxiliary verbs like can, could, may, must, etc. used to talk about obligations, advice, expectations and suggestions. 2) There are simple and perfect modals used for present/future and past respectively. 3) Must, have to, and have got to show strong necessity, with examples of their meanings and uses. 4) Other modals covered include will have to, had to, must not, had better, should/ought to, be supposed to, could/might, and don't/doesn't/didn't have to. 5) A

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LeAnn Stokes
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1K views

Unit 5: Modals To Express Degrees of Necessity

This document discusses modals used to express degrees of necessity. It explains: 1) Modals are auxiliary verbs like can, could, may, must, etc. used to talk about obligations, advice, expectations and suggestions. 2) There are simple and perfect modals used for present/future and past respectively. 3) Must, have to, and have got to show strong necessity, with examples of their meanings and uses. 4) Other modals covered include will have to, had to, must not, had better, should/ought to, be supposed to, could/might, and don't/doesn't/didn't have to. 5) A

Uploaded by

LeAnn Stokes
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 5

Modals to Express Degrees of Necessity


Modals
They are auxiliary verbs.
Can, could, had better, may might, must, ought to, shall, should, will,
and would, have to, have got to, suppose to
Modals are used to talk about obligations, advice, expectations, and
suggestions.
Simple Modals
Used for the present and future
Modal + base form
Should invite, must go, will eat
Perfect Modals
Past
Modal + have + past participle
Should have invited, must have gone, will have eaten
Must/ Have to/ Have got to
Show strong necessity
Similar in meaning
Must
Formal/show a strong obligation
All students must attend class or they will be sent back to their
home country.
Have to
Useful in all situations where there is necessity
To speak English more fluently, students have to practice.
Have got to
Informal
Tonight, I have got to do some homework.
Will have to/ Had to
Will have to
Future necessity or obligation
Next semester, I will have to take English, History,
Biology, and Art.
Had to
Past necessity
Last weekend, we all had to do a group project for class.
Must not/ Had better
Must not
Its not necessary or it is prohibited
You must not smoke within 25 feet of any EKU
entrance.
Had better
Warning that something bad or negative will happen if
the advice isn’t followed.
The students had better do their work or they will fail.
Should or ought to
Advice
They mean “It would be a good a idea if…”
Examples:
You should/ought to study for class everyday so you
will make good grades.
Use should, not ought to, in questions and negatives:
Should I invite more friends to the party? Correct
Ought I to invite more friends to the party? Incorrect
Should have/Ought to have
Express advice about past situations
Examples:
You should have/ought to have wiped your feet before
coming inside.
 This suggests that the person did NOT wipe their feet.
The student should not have/ought not to have
spoken to the teacher like that.
 This suggests that the student did speak like that.
Be supposed to
Show an expectation
Only in the present and the past
Present
We are supposed to wear tuxedos to their wedding.
Past
The affirmative suggests that the actions didn’t happen.
 Everyone was supposed to meet at six o’clock.
The negative suggests that the action did happen.
 You are not supposed to ask any personal questions.
Could/Might and Could/Might have
Polite, flexible suggestions about the future
You could/might take your girlfriend some flowers to
make her feel better.
Could/Might have
Polite suggestions about a past opportunity
Well, you could/might have visited the Washington
Monument while you were in D.C.
Don’t/doesn’t/didn’t have to
Not necessary
You don’t have to have a lot of money to be happy.
She doesn’t have to go to an expensive college to get a
good education.
Didn’t have to
Something was not necessary in the past
You didn’t have to get me a birthday gift, but thank
you.
Listening Exercise
P. 84, Exercise 6
Weekend Assignment
Come up with 5 interview questions using modals.
Example: In your country, should I dress a certain way in public?
You can use Exercise 8 on page 86 to help you come up with
questions.
Using your 5 questions, interview someone from a different
country than you. Make sure they are comfortable answering
your questions.
Write a short 3-4 paragraph essay comparing your country to
their country based off the interview.
Monday you will turn in your interview questions, their
answers, and your short essay.

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