Assignment 1: The Material To Absorb Noise at The Library

School of Environmental Engineering
University Malaysia Perlis
ASSIGNMENT 1
Acoustic Study
The Material to Absorb Noise at the Library
Name: Muhammad Akbi Fahmie Bin Madeli

Matric No: 141130517
Programme: RK07-Environmental Engineering
Subject: EAT 342-Noise Pollution Engineering
INTRODUCTION
Most libraries, whilst ensuring that the necessary facilities are
available to its users, also seek to provide an atmosphere

conducive enough for research, study, and assimilation.
However, noise is a major hindrance to achieving such conducive
arrangements in our libraries.
Noise refers to any unwanted sound or unwanted random additions
to a signal as seen in most electronic designs and signal noise is

heard as acoustic noise if the signal is converted into sound (e.g.,
played through a loudspeaker).
Therefore, the choices of materials to absorb the noise is important
before designing and implementing the library for maintaining

peace and quietness in the library.
ACOUSTIC ABSORPTION
Acousticabsorptionrefers to the process by which a material,
structure, or object takes insound energywhensound waves are
encountered, as opposed toreflectingthe energy.
Part of the absorbed energy is transformed intoheatand part is

transmitted through the absorbing body. The energy transformed into
heat is said to have been 'lost'. When sound from a loudspeaker
collides with the walls of a room part of the sound's energy
isreflected, part is transmitted, and part is absorbed into the walls.
As the waves travel through the wall they deform the material thereof
(just like they deformed the air before). This deformation causes
mechanical losses via conversion of part of the sound energy into
heat, resulting inacoustic attenuation, mostly due to the
wall'sviscosity. Similar attenuation mechanisms apply for the air and
any othermediumthrough which sound travels.
SOUND ABSORBING WALL PANELS
Open-cell foam panels are effective sound absorbers because they have increased
surface area due to the contoured surface of the foam. Figure 1 illustrates an
application near an open copy machine area. Figure 2 shows another type of fabric-
covered absorptive material.
Figure 1: Open-cell acoustical foam. Figure 2: Quilted sound screen.

SOUND ABSORBING CEILING PANELS
Some absorptive materials are attractively 5/8-inch thick ceiling tiles have an NRC of
designed to be exposed to view, such as 0.50 when mounted in a lay-in grid ceiling. A
normal suspended ceiling tiles. Generally, 1-inch thick glass fiber ceiling tile can have
thicker porous materials provide better an NRC rating of 0.80 or greater.
sound absorption.
Figure 3 illustrates the appearance of a Another approach to adding acoustic
suspended acoustical tile ceiling. absorption to the space is to suspend
acoustic baffles as shown in Figure 4.
Figure 3: Lay-in acoustical ceiling tile. Figure 4: Suspended acoustical baffles.

Absorptive materials are often covered with Perforated metal panels, as shown in Figure 6, are
acoustically transparent surfaces such as fabric, commonly used to create a certain finish
perforated metal and spaced wood slats. These appearance.
surfaces allow the sound energy to pass through For best results, the material should be as thin as
and be absorbed by the material located behind. possible, with the smallest hole diameter and the
greatest open area (the greatest number of holes).
Figure 5 shows the example of a wood slat panel
treatment that effectively screens the acoustic
blanket and creates a handsome ceiling in a public
area.
Figure 6. Acoustical perforated-metal deck.
These surfaces allow the sound energy to pass

through and be absorbed by the material located
behind.
Figure 5. Wood slat ceiling.
FLOOR CONSTRUCTION
Floor and ceiling assemblies perform two acoustical functions. Like walls, they
provide acoustical separation between adjacent spaces (airborne sound
insulation), but they also reduce the sound of footfalls and other impact sounds
from an upper floor (impact insulation).
Impact insulation and airborne insulation can be upgraded by decoupling ceilings

from the structure and by altering floor finishes. A base assembly consisting of
plywood subfloor, joists and gypsum board can be upgraded from STC 37 to STC
58 by adding a lightweight concrete topping slab, fiberglass batt insulation,
resilient channels and a second layer of gypsum board, as illustrated in Figure 7.
The concrete topping slab
reduces impact noise from
footsteps heard in the space as
shown in the Figure 7.
Using a carpet and pad or a
resilient floor underlayment
improves the impact insulation.
Figure 7: Wood framed floor and ceiling

construction having an STC rating of 58.
SOUNDPROOFING WINDOWS
Soundproof windows will typically have multiple layers of
glass with air gaps in between.
One of the best soundproof windows is Triple Glazed

Windows. These are great for efficiency, especially when
combined with double low e coatings and 2 argon fills.
When triple glazing, most manufacturers insert another
piece of glass in between thermal glass therefore reducing
the distance between the glass panes. This offsets the
benefit of the density of another pane of glass. Sound
reduction is achieved with density and space.
Triple glazed windowpanes are spaced closer together

than their thermal counterparts; making triple glazed
windows only marginally more soundproof than thermal
windows. Figure 8: Triple Glazed Soundproofing
Windows
THANK YOU

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School of Environmental Engineering

University Malaysia Perlis

Name: Muhammad Akbi Fahmie Bin Madeli

available to its users, also seek to provide an atmosphere

However, noise is a major hindrance to achieving such conducive

arrangements in our libraries.

Noise refers to any unwanted sound or unwanted random additions

to a signal as seen in most electronic designs and signal noise is

Therefore, the choices of materials to absorb the noise is important

before designing and implementing the library for maintaining

Part of the absorbed energy is transformed intoheatand part is

Figure 1: Open-cell acoustical foam. Figure 2: Quilted sound screen.

Figure 3: Lay-in acoustical ceiling tile. Figure 4: Suspended acoustical baffles.

Figure 6. Acoustical perforated-metal deck.

These surfaces allow the sound energy to pass

Impact insulation and airborne insulation can be upgraded by decoupling ceilings

Figure 7: Wood framed floor and ceiling

One of the best soundproof windows is Triple Glazed

Triple glazed windowpanes are spaced closer together

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