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    Quantum Information & Computing

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    GaganpreetSingh
    This document discusses quantum information and computing. It begins by introducing the field and some key reference books. It then explains that quantum computation uses quantum mechanical systems to perform calculations. A quantum computer performs calculations based on the laws of quantum mechanics governing particles at the subatomic level. The document notes that as computing continues to miniaturize, we will eventually reach the quantum scale, necessitating the use of quantum mechanics. It outlines some of the potential advantages of quantum computing over classical computing. Finally, it contrasts key differences between classical and quantum bits, circuits, and operations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Quantum Information & Computing

    Uploaded by

    GaganpreetSingh
    30 views26 pages
    This document discusses quantum information and computing. It begins by introducing the field and some key reference books. It then explains that quantum computation uses quantum mechanical systems to perform calculations. A quantum computer performs calculations based on the laws of quantum mechanics governing particles at the subatomic level. The document notes that as computing continues to miniaturize, we will eventually reach the quantum scale, necessitating the use of quantum mechanics. It outlines some of the potential advantages of quantum computing over classical computing. Finally, it contrasts key differences between classical and quantum bits, circuits, and operations.

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    Presentation for QIC basics

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    This document discusses quantum information and computing. It begins by introducing the field and some key reference books. It then explains that quantum computation uses quantum mechanical systems to perform calculations. A quantum computer performs calculations based on the laws of quantum mechanics governing particles at the subatomic level. The document notes that as computing continues to miniaturize, we will eventually reach the quantum scale, necessitating the use of quantum mechanics. It outlines some of the potential advantages of quantum computing over classical computing. Finally, it contrasts key differences between classical and quantum bits, circuits, and operations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    30 views26 pages

    Quantum Information & Computing

    Uploaded by

    GaganpreetSingh
    This document discusses quantum information and computing. It begins by introducing the field and some key reference books. It then explains that quantum computation uses quantum mechanical systems to perform calculations. A quantum computer performs calculations based on the laws of quantum mechanics governing particles at the subatomic level. The document notes that as computing continues to miniaturize, we will eventually reach the quantum scale, necessitating the use of quantum mechanics. It outlines some of the potential advantages of quantum computing over classical computing. Finally, it contrasts key differences between classical and quantum bits, circuits, and operations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    Quantum Information & Computing

    EP-313

    1
    Quantum Information &
    Computing

    Computing With Quantum


    Mechanics

    2
    Books & References
    Quantum Computation and Quantum
    Information , Michael A. Nielsen & Isaac L.
    Chuang
    Introduction To Quantum Computation And
    Information, Hoi-Kwong Lo, Sandu Popescu, Tim
    Spiller
    Any text book on Quantum Mechanics
    Internet Resources

    3
    Quantum computation and quantum
    information is the study of the
    information processing tasks that can be
    accomplished using quantum mechanical
    systems

    4
    Quantum
    computer

    A machine that performs calculations based on


    the laws of quantum mechanics , which is the
    behavior of particles at the sub-atomic level.

    5
    Quantum
    Mechanics Mathemati
    (physics) cs

    Quantum Information &


    Computation

    Information
    Computer Theory
    Science

    Cryptography
    6
    Why bother with quantum
    computation.?
    Moores Law: We hit the
    quantum level 2010~2020.
    Quantum computation is more
    powerful than classical
    computation.
    More can be computed in less
    timethe complexity classes are
    different!

    7
    Real computers are physical
    systems....
    Stonehenge
    Pebbles and beads
    Tokens, abacus
    Mechanical computers
    Difference Engine I (Charles Babbage)
    Analytical engine
    Electromechanical, electronic (vacuum tubes)
    Electronic (semiconductors)
    8
    Real computers are physical systems....

    Computer technology in the last fifty


    years-
    dramatic miniaturization

    faster and smaller

    9
    Moores Law
    Moores law is a observation in the history of
    computing hardware whereby the number of
    transistors that can be placed inexpensively on
    an integrated circuit doubles approximately
    every two years.

    10
    Moores Law
    The memory capacity of a chip approximately
    doubles every 18 months clock speeds and
    transistor density are rising exponentially...

    what is their ultimate fate??

    11
    Moores law [www.intel.com]

    12
    Extrapolating Moores law
    If Moores law is extrapolated, by the year
    2020 the basic memory component of the chip
    would be of the size of an atom - what will be
    space, time and energy considerations at these
    scales (heat dissipation)?

    13
    Computer technology is making devices
    smaller and smaller....

    reaching a point where classical physics is no


    longer a suitable model for the laws of
    physics.....

    14
    What would happen at such scales?

    At such scales, the laws of quantum physics


    would come into play - the laws of quantum
    physics are very different from the laws of
    classical physics the tiny components of the
    chip would function according to the laws of
    quantum mechanics

    Everything would change!

    15
    Quantum computation
    In anticipation of ultimately hitting
    atomic scales in computer technology, the
    field of quantum computation was first
    envisaged

    16
    Quantum computation
    Quantum physics offers something new and
    spectacular. By exploiting delicate quantum
    phenomena that have no classical analogues, it
    is possible to do certain computational tasks
    much more efficiently than can be done by any
    classical computer even a supercomputer

    17
    Quantum computation
    Quantum information and computing offers a
    new paradigm and possibilities for computing
    and will change the way in which scientists
    think about fundamental operations in
    computing and the capabilities and ultimate
    limits to computing

    18
    Quantum computation
    Offers powerful techniques for storage and
    manipulation of information

    New phenomena - Quantum teleportation


    - Quantum cryptography

    19
    Quantum computation
    At the turn of the last century, several
    experimental observations could not be
    explained by the established laws of classical
    physics and called for a radically different way
    of thinking

    20
    Black body radiation spectrum (Planck,
    1901)
    Photoelectric effect (Einstein, 1905)
    Model of the atom (Rutherford, 1911)
    Quantum Theory of Spectra (Bohr, 1913)
    Scattering of photons off electrons
    (Compton, 1922)
    Exclusion Principle (Pauli, 1922)
    Matter Waves (de Broglie 1925)
    Experimental test of matter waves
    (Davisson and Germer, 1927)

    21
    .this led to the development of Quantum
    Mechanics which is today regarded as the
    fundamental theory of Nature

    The price to be paid for this powerful tool is


    that some of the predictions that Quantum
    Mechanics makes are highly counterintuitive
    and compel us to reshape our classical
    notions.........

    22
    difference between Quantum Mechanics
    and the Classical World(Mechanics)?

    23
    Quantum mechanics Classical mechanics

    Study of matter and Study of everyday


    radiation at an atomic objectsmuch larger
    level than atoms

    In a space beyond our The familiar physical


    familiar perceptions and world of our everyday
    everyday experiences experience

    -Microscopic -Macroscopic

    24
    But the Macro is finally made up of the
    Micro.so where is the boundary?

    Is there a boundary????

    Quantum Mechanics is the most accurate and


    complete description of the physical world
    It also forms a basis for the understanding of
    quantum information

    25
    Classical Computer Quantum Computer

    Bit : the fundamental concept of Qubit: building block of a quantum


    classical computation & information computation and Information
    0
    Represented by superposition state of and
    either 0 or 1 1
    or
    Operation defined by Boolean 0 1
    Algebra

    Where and are complex variables
    No restrictions on measuring or
    copying the signals Circuit behavior is governed explicitly by
    Gates circuits are not reversible quantum mechanics
    Operations are defined by linear algebra over
    the Hilbert space and can be represented by
    unitary matrix (Reversible operation)
    Severe restrictions on measuring or copying
    the signals
    Gates circuits are reversible ( loss-less
    information)
    No. of output signals and input signals are
    equal
    26

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