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Corporate slide master
With5 guidelines for corporate presentations
Module
Creative Thinking
1 A Necessary Condition to the Development of Critical and Creative Thinking is:
A Questioning Mind If I find 10,000 ways something wont work, I havent failed. I am not discouraged, because every wrong attempt discarded is just one more step forward. Thomas Edison
3 Theoretical Assumptions The creative process involves a set of mental operations; These mental operations can be described; The creative process is a natural process; People possess preferences for different mental operations (i.e., cognitive styles); and Therefore, people possess different preferences for the mental operations associated with creative problem solving.
9-4 Previous Approaches to Creativity Definition Earliest definitions of creativity focus on the creative process.
John Watsons definition is perhaps remarkable
How the new comes into being: One natural question often raised is : How do we ever get new verbal creations such as a poem or a brilliant essay? The answer is that we get them by manipulating words, shifting them about until a new pattern is hit upon. THEORIES OF CREATIVITY - GRACE Creativity is something of a mystery, drawing forth images of wonderful insights, imaginative efforts, illumination and intuitions that come from nowhere. It seems the work of magic. The idea of genius may add force to this notion since creative artists, musicians, etc. seemed to be endowed with superhuman potential. Creativity in this sense is seen as a divine gift. 6 THEORIES OF CREATIVITY - ACCIDENT This is the opposite of it being a divine gift. It rises by chance. Holders of this view offer various types of accidental discoveries such as those of immunisation arising from an interruption in work, radioactivity from the wrong hypothesis, and the smallpox vaccination from observation. 7 THEORIES OF CREATIVITY - ASSOCIATION The most popular theory Suggests applying procedures from one area to another Underlies the justification for many divergent thinking techniques such as lateral thinking and brainstorming
8 THEORIES OF CREATIVITY - COGNITIVE Creativity is a normal human activity It uses cognitive processes like recognition, reasoning and understanding
9 Three general questions should be answered
What are we talking about?
How can we study it? How does it work? Creative Techniques
Generating lots of ideas
Combining existing ideas in different ways for new purposes Seeing the same thing but thinking of something different Selecting unique and useful ideas and solutions to everyday challenges
11 Improving Creativity Creativity can be divided into two phases of thinking. Divergent thinking Convergent thinking Convergent Thinkinga form of thinking in which ideas come together to form a solution.
Divergent Thinkinga form of thinking in which many different
aspects of an idea are explored. DIVERGENT AND CONVERGENT THINKING
Divergent Convergent Thinking Thinking Divergent Thinking The goal of divergent thinking is to generate many different solutions to a problem in a short period of time.
Divergent thinking typically occurs in a
spontaneous, free-flowing manner, such that the ideas are generated in a random, unorganized fashion. Following divergent thinking, the ideas and information will be organized using convergent Divergent Tools
Brainstorming Mind mapping Pluses, Potentials, & Concerns Forced Connections Words Pictures Analogies
15 Divergent Thinking Guidelines Rule Out Judgment (Suspend Evaluation)
Seek Quantity (Quantity Breeds Quality)
Build on Options (Mental Hitch-hiking)
Seek Novel Associations (Freewheel)
9-16 Improving Creativity Practical Tips The following are some mental flexibility exercises that should help you improve your creativity. These are adapted from Lawrence Katz and Manning Rubin (1999). 1. Use your nondominant hand for brushing teeth, writing, using the remote. 2. Vary your usual routine. 3. Take a different way to work or class. 4. Seek out social stimulation, especially with people you dont already know. Improving Creativity Practical Tips The following . . . (continued) 5. Put your watch on the other wrist. 6. Turn pictures on your desk upside down. 7. Randomly move your wastebaskets, stapler, penholder, etc. 8. Shop at different stores. 9. Vary your usual route through the grocery store. 10. Look at magazines written for the opposite sex. Convergent Thinking The goal of convergent thinking is to eliminate all but one solution to a problem. Convergent thinking is what you have been primarily taught through most of your educational process. The problem with convergent thinking is the same as eliminating neural pathways (see creative thinking power point). What if there is a flaw in that one solution, or if you find a circumstance where that one solution is rendered unworkable? Convergent Tools
Hits & Clusters
Card Sort Rank Order Evaluation Matrix
20 Total
11 Interviewee A 5 2 3 1 F
Interviewee B 10 1 5 1 3 F
Interviewee C 12 5 2 1 4 M
Interviewee D 11 1 3 5 2 F Criteria (1-5) 1 = Lowest desirability 3 = Moderate 5 = High desirability Evaluation Matrix 21 Ask: Will itdoes itmeet the criteria. HOW IS THIS THING
LIKE THIS THING?
Visually and functionally? Whats the connection between hands and the ocean? The analogy can be intellectual or visual. Seeing things in new ways Human beings as a species tend to be fairly self centered and vain. We see ourselves everywhere Ever see the face of Jesus in a potato chip? The ICEDIP Model
Inspiration There is no correct order to the process.
Clarification Each stage has its own mind-set.
Evaluation All Areas of Learning can contribute to aspects of Distillation the creative process. Incubation Non-creative Areas of Learning or subjects can Perspiration explicitly teach dispositions.
ICEDIP Model created by Geoff Petty
Not all stages will apply in every Area of Learning/subject. PMB 2007 ICEDIP Mind-Sets INSPIRATION CLARIFICATION Deeply engrossed, fearless, free Clear-minded, unhurried, questioning Researching and generating a large number of ideas. Clarifying the purpose and keeping a sense of direction. Being uninhibited, spontaneous, experimental and Focusing on how the finished work will look. intuitive. If most of the ideas are workable, you did Clarification is a process, not an event! It is done at not take enough risks! frequent intervals.
EVALUATION DISTILLATION Self-critical, positive, willing to learn Strategic, reflective Considering how the work can be improved. Building Deciding what ideas to work on. Selecting best ideas or on strengths, identifying weaknesses and viewing combining them into even better ones. Thinking about them as opportunities for improvement. Not seeing where the ideas can take you. criticism as a threat.
INCUBATION PERSPIRATION Unhurried, trusting, flexible Enthusiastic, positive, persistent Leaving the work alone for a while, pondering it Generating a number of drafts, separated with occasionally (keeping it on the surface of your mind), clarification and evaluation phases. Creative people giving the subconscious time to work on it often do not accept a first draft, but go over and over a piece until it is to their liking.
