Sea Water Concreting
Sea Water Concreting
Sea Water Concreting
Mixture proportions
Compressive strength
Applications
INTRODUCTION
The development of “concrete made with sea water”.
A combination of sea water, ordinary Portland cement
(OPC), ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), fly
ash (FA), silica fume (SF), and a special chemical
admixture containing calcium nitrate (CN) was adopted to
densify concrete.
This concrete is hereafter referred to as “sea water
concrete”
Early strength of concrete containing sea water as mixing
water is higher compared to portable water.
ADVANTAGES
The concrete obtained from sea water is more
denser.
Wastage of portable water will be reduced.
The properties and use effect of sea water and unwashed sea sand
concrete (concrete and mortar made using a combination of sea water,
unwashed sea sand, fly ash, silica fume, and calcium nitrate) were
investigated, and the following were found:
(1) Early strength of sea water and unwashed sea sand concrete (total
chloride ion content: around 4.5 kg/m3) is high, and long-term strength
is also retained at a high level.
(2) The permeability coefficient of sea water and unwashed sea sand
concrete (total chloride ion content: around 4.5 kg/m3) becomes small
compared with that of concrete made using tap water, as a result of
density of its microstructures.
(3) The resistance to freezing and thawing of sea water and unwashed
sea sand concrete (total chloride ion content: around 3.1 kg/m3) can be
ensured by setting an air content level of not less than 3.5 %.
(4) For a construction project on an isolated island, the use of sea
water and unwashed sea sand contributes to ‘production for local
consumption,’ reduces the construction and material transportation cost,
and reduces the CO2 emissions.
REFERENCES
1.Fukute, T. Yamamoto, K. and Hamada, H. (1990), “Study on the Durability of
Concrete Mixed with Sea Water” Report of the Port and Harbour Research
Institute, Vol.29, No.3, pp. 57-89.
2.Hasaba, S. Kawamura, M. Yamada, H. and Takakuwa, J. (1975). “Several
Properties of Concrete Using Sea Waters as Mixing Water”, Journal of the
Society of Materials Science, Japan, Vol.24, No.260, pp. 425-431 Japan Society
of Civil Engineers (2005), “Recommendation on Environmental Performance
Verification for Concrete Structures (Draft)”, Concrete Library 125.
3. Mori, Y. Otsuki, N. and Shimozawa, O. (1981), “The Durability of Concrete
Mixed with Sea Eater under Marine Environment (Ten Year’s Test)”, Review of
the 35th Meeting, the Cement Association of Japan, pp. 341-344.
4. Otsuki, N. Mori, Y. And Seki, H. (1983), “Some Consideration for the Chloride
Content of the Concrete in Narine Environment”, Proceedings of the Japan
Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 332, pp. 107-118.
5.Takewaka, K. and Kobayashi, K, (1981), “The Corrosion Accelerating Test of
Reinforcing Steel in the Concrete by Autoclave”, Proceedings of the Japan
Concrete Institute, Vol.3, pp.161-164.
6. Uno, Y. and Kobayashi, K. (1990), “Effect of Incorporation of Chloride on the
Hardened Cement Paste System of Concrete”, Proceedings of the Japan
Concrete Institute, Vol.12, No.1, pp.465-470.
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