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Encoder and Proximity Sensor

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The document discusses different types of proximity sensors like inductive, capacitive, ultrasonic and optical sensors. It also explains the working of inductive and capacitive proximity sensors.

The different types of proximity sensors discussed are inductive, capacitive, ultrasonic and optical proximity sensors.

An inductive proximity sensor works based on a coil and high frequency oscillator that creates a magnetic field. When a metallic target comes in this field, it absorbs some energy affecting the oscillator field which is identified by a threshold circuit changing the output.

Encoders and Proximity

Sensors
Optical Encoder
Optical Encoder:
• Optical Encoder is a complex system which converts a mechanical rotary
motion (angular position or speed )in to a usable electrical signal
 INTRODUCTION
 TYPES OF PROXIMITY SENSOR
 CONSTRUCTION
 WORKING
 APPLICATIONS
 ADVANTAGE
 DISADVANTAGE
 CONCLUSION

 REFRENCES
A Proximity Sensor Detects An Object When The Object
Approaches Within The Detection Range And Boundary Of The Sensor.

Proximity Sensor Includes All The Sensor That Perform Non


Contact Detection In Comparison To Sensors Such As Limit Switch ,That
Detect The Object By Physically Contacting Them.
 INDUCTIVE PROXIMITY SENSOR

 CAPACITIVE PROXIMITY SENSOR

 ULTRASONIC PROXIMITY SENSOR

 OPTICAL PROXIMITY SENSOR


 AnInductive proximity sensor is an electronic proximity sensor
which detect metallic object without touching them.

 Their operating principle is based on a coil and high frequency


oscillator that creates a field in the close surrounding of the
sensing surface .

 Theoperating distance of the sensor depends on the coil’s size


as well as the target ‘s shape, size and material
 The Main Components Of The Inductive Proximity Sensor Are. Coil,
Oscillator, Detector And The Output Circuit

 The Operating Distance Of The Sensor Depends On The Actuator's


Shape And Size And Is Strictly Linked To The Nature Of The Material

 The Coil Generates The High Frequency Magnetic Field In Front Of The
Face. When The Metallic Target Comes In This Magnetic Field It
Absorbs Some Of The Energy
 Hence the oscillator field is affected. The rise or fall of such
oscillation is identified by a threshold circuit..that changes the
output of the sensor.
ADVANTAGES
 they are very accurate compared to other technologies.

 Have high switching rate.

 Can work in harsh environmental conditions.

DISADVANTAGES
 It can detect only metallic target.

 Operating range may be limited.


 Capacitive Sensor Are Used For Non Contact
Detection Of Metallic Object And Non Metallic
Object(liquid, Plastic, Wooden Material Etc.)

CapacitiveProximity Sensors Use The Variation Of Capacitance


Between The Sensor And Object Being Detected.

Capacitance Methods Are Very Sensitive , Distance Down To One


Micro Inch Can Be Measured.
 The Main Components Of The Capacitive Proximity Sensor Are Plate,
Oscillator, Threshold Detector And The Output Circuit.

 The Plate Inside The Sensor Acts As One Plate Of The Capacitor And The
Target Acts As Another Plate And The Air Acts As The Dielectric Between
The Plates.

 The Capacitive Sensor Can Detect Any Targets Whose Dielectric Constant Is
More Than Air
Cont..
 As the object comes close to the plate of the capacitor the
capacitance increases and as the object moves away the
capacitance decreases
 an electronic circuit inside the sensor begins to oscillate. The
rise or the fall of such oscillation is identified by a threshold
circuit and based on that output switches.
ADVANTAGES
 It can detect both metallic and non metallic targets.
 Good stability
 High Speed
 Capacitive sensors are good in terms of power usage
 Low cost

DISADVANTAGES

 They are affected by temperature and humidity


 Difficulties in designing
 Capacitive proximity sensors are not as accurate compare to
inductive sensors.

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