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    Igneous Rocks

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    Naomi Matas
    Igneous rocks form when magma or lava cools and solidifies. There are two main types: intrusive rocks, which cool slowly underground, and extrusive rocks, which cool rapidly at the surface. Intrusive rocks like granite and gabbro have large visible crystals, while extrusive rocks like obsidian and basalt have small crystals or a glassy texture. Igneous rocks provide information about the Earth's mantle and clues about past tectonic events. They are classified based on their chemical composition, texture, and other properties related to how they formed from molten rock.

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    Igneous Rocks

    Uploaded by

    Naomi Matas
    203 views15 pages
    Igneous rocks form when magma or lava cools and solidifies. There are two main types: intrusive rocks, which cool slowly underground, and extrusive rocks, which cool rapidly at the surface. Intrusive rocks like granite and gabbro have large visible crystals, while extrusive rocks like obsidian and basalt have small crystals or a glassy texture. Igneous rocks provide information about the Earth's mantle and clues about past tectonic events. They are classified based on their chemical composition, texture, and other properties related to how they formed from molten rock.

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    A powerpoint presentation about igneous rocks

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    Igneous rocks form when magma or lava cools and solidifies. There are two main types: intrusive rocks, which cool slowly underground, and extrusive rocks, which cool rapidly at the surface. Intrusive rocks like granite and gabbro have large visible crystals, while extrusive rocks like obsidian and basalt have small crystals or a glassy texture. Igneous rocks provide information about the Earth's mantle and clues about past tectonic events. They are classified based on their chemical composition, texture, and other properties related to how they formed from molten rock.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    203 views15 pages

    Igneous Rocks

    Uploaded by

    Naomi Matas
    Igneous rocks form when magma or lava cools and solidifies. There are two main types: intrusive rocks, which cool slowly underground, and extrusive rocks, which cool rapidly at the surface. Intrusive rocks like granite and gabbro have large visible crystals, while extrusive rocks like obsidian and basalt have small crystals or a glassy texture. Igneous rocks provide information about the Earth's mantle and clues about past tectonic events. They are classified based on their chemical composition, texture, and other properties related to how they formed from molten rock.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of magma either below or above the Earth's surface. The two main types are intrusive/plutonic rocks which cool slowly below ground and extrusive/volcanic rocks which erupt onto the surface and cool quickly.

    Igneous rocks are classified according to their chemical composition, mode of occurrence, mineralogy, geometric structure, and texture. This classification provides information about the conditions under which they formed.

    The two main types are intrusive/plutonic rocks which form below ground as magma cools slowly, resulting in large crystals, and extrusive/volcanic rocks which erupt onto the surface as lava and cool quickly, resulting in small crystals or a fine-grained texture. Examples of each type are given.

    IGNEOUS ROCKS

    Group 4
    What is an Igneous rock?
    • The name 'igneous' comes from the Latin word 'ignis' which
    means fire.
    • In that notion, igneous rocks occur “when molten rock turns into
    solid either below the earth's crust to create intrusive igneous
    rocks” or “on the earth's surface to create extrusive igneous
    rocks.”
    • Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling of magma (a very hot
    liquid found underneath the Earth's surface).
    Obsidian
    An extrusive type of Igneous rock that solidifies
    above Earth’s surface, it can also form in
    different type of cooling environment.
    Dacite
    A type of extrusive rock that is normally light in
    color. It is a rock type usually found on
    continental crust above subduction zones.
    Granite
    An example of intrusive rock that is a light-
    colored Igneous rock with grains large enough to
    be visible with the unaided eye. Granite is
    composed mainly of quartz and feldspar with
    minor amounts of mica, amphiboles, and
    other minerals.
    Gabbro
    A type of intrusive rock it is usually black or dark
    green in color. It is the most abundant rock in the
    deep oceanic crust. It has a variety of uses in the
    construction industry. It is used for everything
    from crushed stone base materials at construction
    sites to polished stone counter tops and floor tiles.
    How is Igneous Rock formed?

    • Molten substances exist underneath the earth's crust and


    are usually subjected to intense pressure and high
    temperatures (that can be up to 1200°C). As a result of the
    immense pressure and temperature changes, the molten
    substances may at times flow up to surface leading to a
    volcanic eruption. Eventually, they cool and solidify to
    form extrusive (volcanic) igneous rocks.
    Types of Igneous Rock
    There are mainly two types of igneous rock:
    1. Intrusive/ plutonic Rocks
    • These are formed when the hot molten rock (magma) cools down
    slowly beneath the earth's crust and solidifies into large crystals/rocks.
    Intrusive rocks are naturally very hard and are usually coarse-
    grained.
    Examples are gabbro and granite rocks.
    Types of Igneous Rock
    2. Extrusive/ volcanic Rocks
    • These are formed when the hot molten rock (magma) spills over to
    the earth's surface due to volcanic eruption. The magma, which is
    now termed as lava, cools quicker on the earth's surface to create small
    crystals or fine-grained igneous rocks.
    Examples of such rocks are basalt, pumice and obsidian.
    Three Reasons Why
    Igneous Rocks are Important

    • Their minerals and overall chemistry provide needed


    information regarding: the components of the mantle from
    which igneous rocks originate from.
    • This type of rocks generates a time series of events.
    • Their properties are typically the characteristics of a
    particular tectonic surrounding.
    Igneous Rocks are
    classified according
    to:
    The classification of the 1. Chemical Composition
    igneous rocks may give us vital 2. Mode of Occurrence
    information regarding the 3. Mineralogy
    conditions under which they
    were created. 4. Geometric Setting of its structure
    5. Texture
    • Because their mineral grains grew
    together tightly as the melt cooled, they
    Identifying Igneous Rocks are relatively strong rocks.

    The key concept about all


    • They're black, white, or gray. Any other
    colors they may have are pale in shade.
    igneous rocks is that they
    were once hot enough to • Their textures generally look like
    melt. The following traits are something that was baked in an oven.
    all related to that. • Fine-grained lava may look like black bread or dark
    peanut brittle.
    “
    The upper section of the Earth’s crust is made up
    of around 90 – 95% Igneous rocks.
    ”
    Just Facts # 1
    “
    Igneous Rocks are the oldest rocks.

    ”
    Just Facts # 2
    “
    There are over 700 different types of Igneous
    rocks.
    ”
    Just Facts # 3

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