Rock My World ! 1. How Did You Find The Rock Classifying Activity ? 2. What Can You Infer About The Types of Rock Commonly Found in Your Surrounding?

Rock My World !
1. How did you find the rock

classifying activity ?
2. What can you infer about

the types of rock commonly
found in your surrounding?
How are rocks classified ?
1.Texture
2.Chemical composition
Three Types of Rocks
• Rocks are
classified by how
they form
– Igneous
– Sedimentary
– Metamorphic
– Rocks can change Schist

from one type to
another over time
Rock Classification
• Rocks are
classified by:
– How they form
– Texture
– Grain size
– Mineral
composition
Conglomerate Sedimentary Rock

Igneous Rocks
• “ignis” – fire
• forms when molten rock
(magma) cools and hardens
• Classified by:
– Where they form
Crystal (grain) size
 Slow cooling – large crystals
 Rapid cooling – small crystals
Basalt
Intrusive Igneous Rock or
Plutonic Rock
• Intrusive igneous:
cooling takes place
slowly beneath
Earth’s surface
granite
Extrusive Igneous Rock or
Volcanic Rock
• Extrusive
igneous: cooling
takes place
rapidly on Earth’s
surface
Pumice
Types of Igneous Rocks :
Texture
1. Coarse – grained or phaneritic – large
crystals are visible to the eyes - Granite
2. Fine – grained or aphanitic – small crystals
which cannot be seen even with the aid of
hand lens - Basalt
3. Porphyritic – consist of two minerals having
a large difference in size ( large grain –
phenocryst; fine grain – groundmass or
matrix) Feldspar
4. Glossy – textured rock – noncrystalline and
contain no mineral grains - Obsidian
Types of Igneous Rocks :
Chemical Composition
1. Felsic – light color; “ fel” for feldspar of
the potassium – rich variety ; sic – silica
Ex. Quartz, potassium feldspar,
granite
2. Mafic – dark color; “Ma” for magnesium;
fic – iron Ex. Basalt
3. Andesitic – mixture of both light and dark
colored minerals Ex. Diorite, amphibole
4. Ultramafic – mostly dark – colored
minerals Ex. Olivine, pyroxine
Sedimentary Rock
• Sedimentary rock:
forms from the
compaction and/or
cementation of
sediments
• This process is
called lithification Limestone
• Sediments are:
– Rock pieces
– Mineral grains
– Shell fragments
How do sediments form?
• Sediments form weathering
through the
processes of
weathering and
erosion of rocks
exposed at Earth’s
surface
erosion
Sedimentary Rock
• Sedimentary rock
can also form from
the chemical
depositing of
materials that were
once dissolved in
water
gypsum
• When water
evaporates, minerals
are left behind and
form rock
Types of Sedimentary Rock
1.Detrital sedimentary rocks – come
from weathered rocks like igneous
rock ; basis of grouping is the size of
particles – Coarse , medium, fine,
very fine
2.Chemical sedimentary rocks – come
from soluble material produced largely
gypsum
by chemical weathering ; basis of
grouping is chemical composition –
calcite, quartz, gypsum,halite
Metamorphic Rock
• Metamorphic rock:
forms when any
rock type is
changed into a
different kind of
rock
• Changes due to
great heat and/or
pressure Gneiss
How does rock change?
• Rocks are heated,
squeezed, folded,
or chemically
changed by contact
with hot fluids
marble
How does rock change?
Metamorphism – process of transformation
of a parent rock into a texturally
and mineralogically new rock
Metamorphic agents
1.Heat – foliated
2.Pressure – stress
3.Chemically active fluids – carbon dioxide,
water, other volatile materials
marble
Rock Description Parent
name rock
Foliated ; fine-
Slate grained Shale
Gneiss Foliated ; Granite,
medium-to- volcanic
coarse-grained rock
Marble Nonfoliated;
marble
medium-to- Limestone
coarse-grained
Metamorphic rocks are
commonly used in household
and in building structures
Slate – roof, floor tile,

chalkboard, billiard tables
marble – building stones ;

white marbles – statues and
monuments
The Rock Cycle
The Earth Recycles Rock
• The rock cycle is an
ongoing series of
processes inside Earth
and on the surface
• Slowly changes rocks

from one kind to another
• Any type of rock can

change into another type
How does this relate to
plate tectonics?
• Plate movement drives
the rock cycle
– Subduction (1 plate
pushed under another
plate)
• Re-melts rock into magma
– Mountain building
• Folding, faulting, uplift
• Exposes rock at the
surface to be weathered
and eroded
a. Cementation and compaction (lithification)
b. Heat and pressure
c. Weathering, transportation(erosion), and deposition
d. Cooling and solidification
e. Melting
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How are rocks classified?

What are the three main types of rocks and how do they form?

Rock My World !

1. How did you find the rock

2. What can you infer about

– Rocks can change Schist

Conglomerate Sedimentary Rock

Slate – roof, floor tile,

marble – building stones ;

• Slowly changes rocks

• Any type of rock can

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