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    Finite Element Analysis Lecture

    Uploaded by

    Ehsan Elahi
    The document describes the basic steps in the finite element method including preprocessing, solution, and postprocessing phases. In preprocessing, the domain is discretized into elements and nodes, shape functions are assumed, element equations are developed, and boundary conditions applied. In solution, equations are solved to obtain nodal results. In postprocessing, stresses and fluxes are computed. Three example problems are then presented to illustrate applying the finite element method.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Finite Element Analysis Lecture

    Uploaded by

    Ehsan Elahi
    588 views37 pages
    The document describes the basic steps in the finite element method including preprocessing, solution, and postprocessing phases. In preprocessing, the domain is discretized into elements and nodes, shape functions are assumed, element equations are developed, and boundary conditions applied. In solution, equations are solved to obtain nodal results. In postprocessing, stresses and fluxes are computed. Three example problems are then presented to illustrate applying the finite element method.

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    This is presentation of Finite Element Analysis Lec

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    The document describes the basic steps in the finite element method including preprocessing, solution, and postprocessing phases. In preprocessing, the domain is discretized into elements and nodes, shape functions are assumed, element equations are developed, and boundary conditions applied. In solution, equations are solved to obtain nodal results. In postprocessing, stresses and fluxes are computed. Three example problems are then presented to illustrate applying the finite element method.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    588 views37 pages

    Finite Element Analysis Lecture

    Uploaded by

    Ehsan Elahi
    The document describes the basic steps in the finite element method including preprocessing, solution, and postprocessing phases. In preprocessing, the domain is discretized into elements and nodes, shape functions are assumed, element equations are developed, and boundary conditions applied. In solution, equations are solved to obtain nodal results. In postprocessing, stresses and fluxes are computed. Three example problems are then presented to illustrate applying the finite element method.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 37

    Basic Step in Finite Element Method

    Preprocessing Phase
    1. Create and discretize the solution domain into finite
    elements; that is, subdivide the problem into nodes and
    elements.
    2. Assume a shape function to represent the physical
    behavior of an element; that is, a continuous function is
    assumed to represent the approximate behavior (solution)
    of an element.
    3. Develop equations for an element.
    4. Assemble the elements to present the entire problem.
    Construct the global stiffness matrix.
    5. Apply boundary conditions, initial conditions, and loading.
    Solution Phase
    6. Solve a set of linear or nonlinear algebraic
    equations simultaneously to obtain nodal
    results, such as displacement values at different
    nodes or temperature values at different nodes
    in a heat transfer problem.
    Postprocessing Phase
    7. Obtain other important information. At this
    point, you may be interested in values of
    principal stresses, heat fluxes, and so on.
    Problem 1
    Problem 2
    Discretization of Solution Domain into
    Finite Elements
    Stiffness Matrix for Element 1
    Stiffness Matrix for Element 2
    Stiffness Matrix for Element 3
    Stiffness Matrix for Element 4
    Global Stiffness Matrix
    Application of Boundary Conditions
    and Loads
    Solution Phase
    Variation of cross-sectional area of the bar in y-direction
    Postprocessing Phase
    Calculation of Average Stress in Each Element
    Problem 3
    A thin steel plate with the profile shown in the accompanying
    figure is subjected to an axial load. Approximate the deflection
    and the average normal stresses along the plate using the model
    shown in the figure. The plate has a thickness of 0. I 25 inch and a
    modulus of elasticity E = 28 X 103 ksi.
    For the spring system shown in the accompanying figure,
    determine the displacement of each node. Start by
    identifying the size of the global matrix. Write down
    elemental stiffness matrices, and show the position of each
    elemental matrix in the global matrix. Apply the boundary
    conditions and loads. Solve the set of linear equations. Also
    compute the reaction forces.
    • A steel plate is subjected to an axial load, as shown in
    figure. Approximate the deflections and average
    stresses along the plate. The plate is 1/16 in thick
    and has a modulus of elasticity E = 29 X 106 lb/in2
    • We may model this problem using four nodes and
    four elements.
    A shaft that is made of two parts, as shown in Figure. Part AB is made of
    material with a shear modulus of elasticity of GAB = 3.9 X 106 lb/in2 and has
    a diameter of 1.5 in. Segment BC is made of slightly different material with
    a shear modulus of elasticity of GBC = 4.0 X 106 Ib/in2 and with a diameter
    of 1 in. The shaft is fixed at both ends. A torque of 200 lb· ft is applied at D.
    Using three elements, determine the angle of twist at D and B, and the
    torsional reactions at the boundaries.

    We will represent this problem by a model that has four nodes at A , B, C,


    and D,respectively, and three elements (AD, DB, BC).
    For an element comprising two nodes, the stiffness
    matrix, the angle of twists, and the torques are
    related according to the equation:
    Consider a plate with a
    variable cross section
    supporting a load of 1500 Ib,
    as shown in the accompanying
    figure. Using direct
    formulation , determine the
    deflection of the bar at
    locations y = 2.5 in, y = 7.5 in,
    and y = 10 in. The plate is
    made of a material with a
    modulus of elasticity E = 10.6 X
    103 ksi.
    • The concrete table column-support in Problem 2 is
    reinforced with three 1/2-in steel rods, as shown in
    figure. Determine the deflection and average normal
    stresses along the column under a load of 1000 lb.
    Divide the column into five elements. E(concrete) =
    3.27 X 103 ksi;
    E(steel)= 29 X 10; ksi)
    • For the spring assemblage with arbitrarily numbered nodes
    shown in figure, obtain (a) the global stiffness matrix, (b) the
    displacements of nodes 3 and 4, (c) the reaction forces at
    nodes 1 and 2. A force of 5000 lb is applied at node 4 in the x
    direction. The spring constants are given in the figure. Nodes
    1 and 2 are fixed.
    • For the spring assemblage shown in figure
    determine the nodal displacements and the
    reactions. Use the direct stiffness method.

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