Captain Shashikant Koppikar

Sustainability and Infrastructure

Airport Management

OVERVIEW
PRESENT STATUS & RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
 INDEX OF STUDIES

1. LECTURE 1- Overview- Aviation in general, Airport Industry in particular

2. LECTURE 2- Components of Airport Infrastructure
3. LECTURE 3- Airport Passenger Terminal Building
4. LECTURE 4- Airport Capacity, Support Services, Environmental Considerations
5. LECTURE 5- Airport Ownership – Conversion Agreement, Airport Economics
6. LECTURE 6- Airport Master Planning, “Aerotropolis”, Trends in designs
7. LECTURE 7- Airport electronics & Information Technology
8. LECTURE 8 – Airport Security
9. Group Presentation by Students – two parts- 1 Hour each

NOTE – SL numbers 1 to 8 will have a duration of 2 hrs each. No 9 will be of 1 hour

each,
Each presentation will be of 15 minutes, followed by 5 minute Q & A.
 OVERVIEW

STAKEHOLDERS IN AVIATION INDUSTRY

1. REGULATORS
a) International – International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
b) National – India
i) Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA)
ii) Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS)
iii) Airport Economic Regulatory Authority (AERA)
2. INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS
a) Airport Council International (ACI)
b) Civil Aviation Navigation Safety Organization (CANSO)-Air Traffic Control
c) International Air Transport Association (IATA)- Commercial Airlines
3. AIRCRAFT OPERATORS – Airlines, Air Charters, Training Institutes, Pvt aircraft
4. DESIGN & MANUFACTURING ORGANIZATIONS – Boeing, Airbus, Bombardier
5. MAINTENANCE & REPAIR ORGANIZATIONS (MRO), Airworks, Indamer
6. AIRPORTS
 AIRPORTS – PRESENT STATUS

 Total number of airports in the world- > 49000

 Total in India -452
 Operational – 112
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 International - (With Customs & Immigration)– 17
 Domestic- (No Customs & Immigration) -68
 Regional – (No Customs / Immigration),-Flights restricted to a state or a limited
geographical region within India - 27
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 Ownership pattern - Public (Government of India- through Airport Authority of
India-[AAI]), Private, Public/Private Partnership (PPP),
Enclave in Defence Airports
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NOTE – National Aviation Policy – 2016, has introduced three new terms-
“Fully Utilised”, “Underutilised” and “Unutilised” in connection with “Ude
Deshka Aam Nagrik” (UDAN), the “Regional Connectivity Scheme”(RCS)
 INTERNATIONAL REGULATOR -- ICAO

 Initially formed in 1919 in Havana, Cuba with just 15 member nations

 Reconstituted in 1945 after Chicago Convention of 1944- 28 member nations
 Became arm of the United Nations (UN) in 1947, with statutory powers
 Presently has 204 member nations. HQ in Montreal, Canada
 Six regional offices- India under Bangkok reginal office
 Role- Ensure Safe, Secure, Smooth and Seamless aircraft movement across
international boundaries
 Promulgates its policies and guidelines through Annex, Docs, Procedures for Air
Navigation - Operations (PAN-Ops) and advisories
 Annex 14, 16, 17 and 19 and some Docs deal directly with airports.
 Also, Procedures for Air Navigation- Operations (PAN-OPS) DOC 4444
 Annex 1, 9&10 are made applicable through Air Traffic Control (ATC)
 ANNEX AND DOCs -- SUBJECTS

DIRECTLY APPLICABLE

1. ANNEX 14 Part I- Aerodromes- Design aspects for fixed wing aircraft ops
2. ANNEX 14- Part II- Heliports – Design aspects for rotary wing (Helicopters) ops
3. ANNEX 16 – Environmental Protection Part I, Protection from Noise
Environmental Protection Part II, Engine Emissions
4. ANNEX 17 – Aviation Security
5. ANNEX 19 – Safety Management Systems
6. DOCS – Various Docs to supplement /amplify guidelines in above Annexes

THROUGH AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL (ATC)

1. ANNEX 1- Rules of the Air

2. ANNEX 9&10- Communications
3. PAN(OPS)- --4444- Procedures & Phraseology for Communications
INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION – AIRPORT COUNCIL INTERNATIONAL
(ACI)
1. Founded in 1992, association of airport owners and individual airports
2. Membership as of Dec 2016 – 158 owners, 579 airports
3. HQ in Amsterdam, Netherland, publishes a trade magazine “Airport World”;
Digital edition available free
4. Role- to promote the interests of the airport industry the world over, if
necessary, by lobbying with ICAO and Governments
5. Advises members on “Best Practices”, has a scheme for competitive
evaluation of customer service levels at airports
6. Annually publishes “Benchmarking / Ranking” list
7. Has a love / hate relationship with International Air Transport Association
(IATA)- the industry association of airlines
8. Airlines think airports make undue profits at their cost and vice versa
9. IATA expects a graded “Level of Service”(LOS), which is largely adhered to
by ACI members ( Details in PPT on Airport Passenger Terminal Buildings)
 NATIONAL REGULATOR –
DIRECTOR GENERAL OF CIVIL AVIATION (DGCA)
1. Set up in 1938, according to Indian Aircraft Act 1934 and Act Rules 1937
2. DGCA Regulations have the force of Law, had powers to investigate
accidents, now with semi-independent “Accident Investigation Board”
3. Represents ICAO in India, responsible for implementing ICAO policies
4. Supervises and regulates every segment of aviation in India, such as airlines,
airports, Maintenance & Repair Organizations (MROs), Aviation Training
Institutes, business aircraft, private aircraft, aircraft manufacturers and so on
5. For implementing its policies, it publishes Civil Aircraft Regulations (CARs),
through a somewhat complex classification system, e.g.

“ CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS

SECTION2-AIRWORTHINESS
SERIES “E”, PART VIII
ISSUE I, DATED 23RD JANUARY,2008 EFFECTIVE IMMEDIATELY

Subject : Approval of Organisations - Category ‘G” Training Institutes”

CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS

The CARs shown here are only indicative and may not represent the latest status as required by
DGCA. Users are advised to contact www.dgca.nic.in for the latest information in this regard.
The Issue and Amendment/Revision dates are in (dd/mm/yyyy) format.
Section 1 - General
Section 2 - Airworthiness
Section 3 - Air Transport
Section 4 - Aerodrome Standards and Licensing
Section 5 - Air Safety
Section 6 - Design Standards and Type Certification
Section 7 - Flight Crew Standards, Training and Licensing
Section 8 - Aircraft Operations
Section 9 - Air Space and Air Navigation Services Standards
Section 10 - Aviation Environment Protection
Section 11 - Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air

 Important “ MUST” for Airports:--

Sections - 4,5, 9 and 10
 NATIONAL REGULATORS- SECURITY-
BUREAU of CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY (BCAS)

 Security set up was part of DGCA till 1987.

 As a result of a hijack and resultant Pandey Committee report, airport security
was handed over to State police,
 Due inadequacies of State Police, in 1995, Central Industrial Security Force
CISF, originally created to secure public sector factories started looking after
international airports, with supervisory duties by BCAS
 Apart from own security duties, BCAS trains airlines and airport staff in security
duties and handling security equipment for a fee. Awards certificates to
successful trainees

Note:- National Aviation Policy 2016, plans to set up an independent

“ Aviation Security Force” covering duties carried out by BCAS and CISF
 NATIONAL REGULATOR –ECONOMIC- AERA

 Airports are by their very nature, monopolies, at best duopolies,

 Likely to misuse their monopolistic pricing power
 AERA ensures balancing economic health of airports with the interests of the
travelling passengers and the airlines
 For the present, it exercises its authority over private and PPP airports only.
Wants to extend it over government owned airports managed by Airport
Authority of India (AAI)
 AAI is resisting it on the ground that it runs the airports as a Public Service
Obligation (PSO) and not for profit
 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS - 1

 Progressive Deregulation after the sweeping nationalization of 1953:---

 1993- Private air operations as charters only, with restrictions
 1999- Private air operations as scheduled airlines
 2006- privatization of airports on PPP model
 2008- 24% FDI in airlines
 2016 -49% FDI in airlines(Conditional 100%)
 2016- 100% FDI in regional airlines and regional airports
 National Aviation Policy---2016
 Emphasis on aviation infrastructure like airports
 UDAN-(RCS)- Development of 50 regional airports- 6 in Maharashtra
 UDAN-(RCS)- Regional air services encouraged with subsidy & incentives in
cooperation with state governments
 Spice Jet, Indigo and Air India licensed to start regional airport services
 Qatar Airways taking firm steps to start a reginal air services subsidiary
Note – Deregulation is still “Work in Progress”.
 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS--2

 INDIA
 2016 Budget – Import duties on aircraft spares reduced from 24% to 8 %
 Unfortunately, Jet fuel excluded from GST ambit
 Passenger growth consistently > 17% / month- highest in the world.
 Cargo growth- 5-6% consistently / month- lagging behind China
 Total size of Indian aviation industry 6th largest, expected to be 3rd largest by
2020 and 2nd largest by 2030, overtaking China, with USA 1st

 WORLDOVER
 Development of airport-centric townships /cities (Aerotropolis)
 Development of airports as multi-modal transportation hubs
 Development of “Cargo Only” airports – Inchon Korea, Memphis USA
 Development of “Low Cost Carriers” airport – Hahn near Frankfurt
 Remote baggage check in counters – Hong Kong, Tokyo, Atlanta
 Increasing use of Information Technology(IT) in Passenger (Pax) handling
 Questions

Macao Airport in South China

 NEXT SESSION

COMPONENTS of
AIRPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
THANK YOU