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    Lec 5

    Uploaded by

    Ahsan Hameed
    DC drives use methods like variable resistors and control knobs to adjust parameters like speed, current limiting, and acceleration/deceleration. Motors can be controlled by varying the armature voltage and keeping the field constant, or by changing the field current. Load characteristics determine the suitable drive type, such as constant torque, constant horsepower, or variable torque loads. DC motor braking methods include dynamic braking using a resistor, or regenerative braking which returns power to the supply.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Lec 5

    Uploaded by

    Ahsan Hameed
    17 views15 pages
    DC drives use methods like variable resistors and control knobs to adjust parameters like speed, current limiting, and acceleration/deceleration. Motors can be controlled by varying the armature voltage and keeping the field constant, or by changing the field current. Load characteristics determine the suitable drive type, such as constant torque, constant horsepower, or variable torque loads. DC motor braking methods include dynamic braking using a resistor, or regenerative braking which returns power to the supply.

    Original Description:

    industral process control

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    DC drives use methods like variable resistors and control knobs to adjust parameters like speed, current limiting, and acceleration/deceleration. Motors can be controlled by varying the armature voltage and keeping the field constant, or by changing the field current. Load characteristics determine the suitable drive type, such as constant torque, constant horsepower, or variable torque loads. DC motor braking methods include dynamic braking using a resistor, or regenerative braking which returns power to the supply.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    17 views15 pages

    Lec 5

    Uploaded by

    Ahsan Hameed
    DC drives use methods like variable resistors and control knobs to adjust parameters like speed, current limiting, and acceleration/deceleration. Motors can be controlled by varying the armature voltage and keeping the field constant, or by changing the field current. Load characteristics determine the suitable drive type, such as constant torque, constant horsepower, or variable torque loads. DC motor braking methods include dynamic braking using a resistor, or regenerative braking which returns power to the supply.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    DC Drives

    1
    DC Drive System

    2
    High Speed / Low Speed Adjustment
    • High Speed rheostat is
    used to adjust
    maximum speed of
    motor.
    • Low Speed rheostat is
    used to adjust minimum
    speed of motor.

    3
    Acceleration and Deceleration Adjustment
    • When speed control is adjusted too

    quickly from min to max, surge of

    current may flow, which can

    overheat the armature of motor.

    • 𝑅12 𝐶 charging time delays

    application of voltage to the motor,

    causing it to accelerate at a slowed

    rate. This action is referred to as a

    soft start. 4
    Methods used to Adjust Parameters of DC Drive
    • Speed Control
    • IR Compensation
    • Current Limiting
    • High Speed / Low Speed
    • Acceleration / Deceleration

    • Variable resistors are used in diagrams to make


    adjustments. In actual drive, it can be control
    knob or screwdriver.

    • In advanced drives, the same adjustments are


    made by using keypad, or by computer connected
    with interface cable.
    5
    Field Current Speed Control
    • Speed of shunt motor is controlled primarily by
    varying the voltage at the armature and keeping the
    field voltage constant.
    • When the maximum rated armature and field
    voltages are applied to motor, it runs at base speed.
    • It is possible to further control motor speed by
    changing the field current, called field current speed
    𝑉−𝐼𝑅
    control as per formula. N=
    𝐾𝜙
    • N = Speed, K = constant, 𝜙 = Field Flux  𝐼𝑓
    • V, I, R = Armature voltage/current/resistance
    6
    Field Current Speed Control
    • It is possible to increase motor speed up to 5
    times of base speed by reducing field current.
    • However, weakening the field by reducing the
    field voltage also reduces motor torque.
    • Rheostat or an SCR bridge can be used to vary
    the field current.
    • DC drive with this capability are frequently
    called voltage drives and field drives.

    7
    Load Characteristics
    • One of the primary factors used to select an
    adjustable drive is the type of load the motor will
    be driving.

    • Therefore it is important to understand speed,


    torque and horsepower requirements of load.

    • Motors load are classified into three main


    categories:
    – Constant Torque Load
    – Constant Horsepower Load
    – Variable Torque Load
    8
    Constant Torque Load
    • 90% of industrial loads are constant torque
    • An example of this type of load is friction.
    • Examples of friction loads are Conveyors, Extruders,
    and moist. Suitable Drive: Vary Armature Voltage,
    Field strength Constant

    9
    Constant Horsepower Load
    𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 × 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑
    • 𝐻𝑃 = ; Torque lb-ft, Speed RPM
    5252
    • An example of this type of load lathe machine.
    • Suitable Drive: Variable Voltage and Field Drive

    10
    Variable Torque Load
    • Torque required by load varies proportional to square
    of the speed. 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 = 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 × 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 2
    • Examples load: Large Centrifugal Fans and Pumps

    11
    Motor Braking
    • Some industrial applications require that a
    rotary mechanism be stopped quickly.
    • However because of inertia it may be difficult
    to stop a mechanism abruptly.
    • Since DC motors are used as the prime mover
    for certain machines, certain types of motor
    braking techniques have been used.
    • Two popular Methods are: Dynamic Braking
    and Regenerative Braking

    12
    Dynamic Braking
    • Dynamic braking uses a resistor to absorb K.E. from the
    rotating armature and the load to which it is connected.
    • Smaller value of R faster it slows down.
    • When Start button is closed  Normal Operation
    • When Stop button is opened  Dynamic Braking

    13
    Regenerative Braking
    • In this power from K.E. is returned to the power supply.
    • During normal operation  Forward SCR Bridge is ON
    • During braking operation  Reverse SCR Bridge is ON
    – It causes the reverse current flow in armature of DCM.
    – This causes the torque of the armature to develop in opposite
    direction. It counters forward torque of motor, causing it to
    decelerate quickly.

    14
    Regenerative Braking
    • When the motor rotation Stops, the reverse SCR bridge
    should turn OFF, else the motor will begin rotating in
    opposite direction.

    • In addition to stopping motor quickly, regenerative


    braking circuit can reduce down to a slower speed
    quickly without stopping it

    • Regenerative braking circuit also provides a precise


    method of speed regulation

    15

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