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Sistem Alat Gerak: Osteologi Myologi Arthrologi

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Chaterinerine Chaterine

This document provides a summary of the skeletal system (sistem alat gerak) in 3 parts: osteology, myology, and arthrology. It focuses on osteology, describing the classification, functions, and features of the axial and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. The appendicular skeleton comprises the upper and lower limbs, including their individual bones such as the femur, tibia, fibula, carpals, and phalanges. Diagrams are included to illustrate key bones and structures.

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Sistem Alat Gerak: Osteologi Myologi Arthrologi

Uploaded by

Chaterinerine Chaterine
106 views52 pages
This document provides a summary of the skeletal system (sistem alat gerak) in 3 parts: osteology, myology, and arthrology. It focuses on osteology, describing the classification, functions, and features of the axial and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. The appendicular skeleton comprises the upper and lower limbs, including their individual bones such as the femur, tibia, fibula, carpals, and phalanges. Diagrams are included to illustrate key bones and structures.

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Osteologi

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osteologi

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This document provides a summary of the skeletal system (sistem alat gerak) in 3 parts: osteology, myology, and arthrology. It focuses on osteology, describing the classification, functions, and features of the axial and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. The appendicular skeleton comprises the upper and lower limbs, including their individual bones such as the femur, tibia, fibula, carpals, and phalanges. Diagrams are included to illustrate key bones and structures.

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Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
106 views52 pages

Sistem Alat Gerak: Osteologi Myologi Arthrologi

Uploaded by

Chaterinerine Chaterine
This document provides a summary of the skeletal system (sistem alat gerak) in 3 parts: osteology, myology, and arthrology. It focuses on osteology, describing the classification, functions, and features of the axial and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. The appendicular skeleton comprises the upper and lower limbs, including their individual bones such as the femur, tibia, fibula, carpals, and phalanges. Diagrams are included to illustrate key bones and structures.

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SISTEM ALAT GERAK

OSTEOLOGI
MYOLOGI
ARTHROLOGI

Department of Anatomy
Hasanuddin University
OSTEOLOGI UMUM
FUNGSI :
1. Menegakkan dan memberi bentuk pada
tubuh
2. Melindungi alat dalam
3. Tempat melekatnya otot
4. Sebagai alat gerak pasif
5. Tempat pembuatan sel darah merah
6. Tempat menyimpan mineral (Ca, PO4)
Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 2
KLASIFIKASI SKELETON

1. SKELETON AXIALE • CRANIUM


• VERTEBRA
• COSTA
• STERNUM

2. SKELETON APPENDICULARE
• EXTREMITAS SUPERIOR
• EXTREMITAS INFERIOR
Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 3
SKELETON
APPENDICULARE
1. EXTREMITAS SUPERIOR (Ossa Membri
Superior)

1. CINGULUM EXTREMITAS
SUPERIOR
2. EXTREMITAS SUPERIOR LIBERAE

Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 4


Cingulum Ext.Superior

 Os SCAPULA
 Os CLAVICULA

Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 5


Scapula – humerus (anterior)

Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 6


Scapula – humerus (posterior)

Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 7


Os Clavicula

Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 8


Extremitas Sup. Liberae

 Os HUMERUS
 Os RADIUS
 Os ULNA
 Ossa CARPALIA
 Ossa METACARPALIA
 Ossa PHALANGES (=Ossa Digitorum)

Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 9


Humerus of the Arm

Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 10

Figure 7.23
Bones of the Forearm

Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 11

Figure 7.24
Radius and Ulna

Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 12

Figure 7.24
Hand
 Skeleton of
the hand
contains
wrist bones
(carpals),
bones of the
palm
(metacarpal
s), and
bones of the
fingers
(phalanges)
Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 13

Figure 7.26a
Carpus (Wrist)

 Consists of eight bones


– Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, and pisiform
proximally
– Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and
hamate distally

Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 14


Metacarpus (Palm)

 Five numbered (1-5) metacarpal bones


radiate from the wrist to form the
palm
– Their bases articulate with the carpals
proximally, and with each other medially
and laterally
– Heads articulate with the phalanges

Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 15


Phalanges (Fingers)

 Each hand contains 14 miniature long


bones called phalanges
 Fingers (digits) are numbered 1-5,
beginning with the thumb (pollex)
 Each finger (except the thumb) has
three phalanges – distal, middle, and
proximal
 The thumb has no middle phalanx
Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 16
Hand

Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 17


Figure 7.26a
2. EXTREMITAS INFERIOR (Ossa Membri
INFERIOR)

1. CINGULUM EXTREMITAS
INFERIOR
2. EXTREMITAS INFERIOR LIBERAE

Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 18


Extremitas Inferior (=
Ossa Membri Inferior)
Cingulum Membri Inferior
Os coxae :
• Os ilium
• Os ischium
• Os pubis

Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 19


Extremitas Inferior
Liberae
• Femur
• Tibia
• Fibula
• Ossa tarsalia
• Ossa metatarsalia
• Ossa phalanges

Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 20


Bones of the Lower
Extremity
 Attach to axial
skeleton by pelvic
girdle
– 2 hip bones (os
coxae)
 Fusion of ilium,
ischium, and pubis

Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 21

Know the landmarks that are studied in lab!


Thigh

 Femur
– Largest, longest,
strongest bone in body
– Runs medially to bring
knee closer to center of
body weight
– Weight from pelvis is
transferred to femur
– Serves as site of muscle
attachment
– Walking

http://www.fysioweb.nl/service/anatomie/bovenbeen/femur.jpg
Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 22
Knee and Leg
 Patella – kneecap
– Sesamoid bone
 Short bone formed
within a tendon
– Lies within tendon
of quadriceps
 Leg is the part of
the lower limb
between knee and
ankle

Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 23


Leg
 Tibia
– Medial
– “Shinbone”
– 2nd to femur in size and
strength
– Weight transmitted
from femur to tibia
– Muscle attachment
 Fibula
– Lateral
– Stabilization of ankle
– Muscle attachment Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 24
Foot
 Tarsus (posterior ½ of foot)
– 7 tarsal bones
 Talus - ankle
– Articulates with tibia/fibula
 Calcaneous – heel
– Carries talus
– Attachment for calcaneal
tendon
 Cuboid
 Navicular
 Medial cuneiform
 Intermediate cuneiform
 Lateral cuneiform
Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 25
Foot (Intermediate and Anterior)
 Metarsus
– 5 metatarsals
 Phalanges
– 14 phalanges
 Arches of Foot (3)
– Transverse
– Medial longitudinal
– Lateral longitudinal
– Form half-dome
 ½ weight to heel
 ½ weight to head of Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 26
metatarsals
SKELETON AXIALE

 Columna Vertebralis
 Costae
 Sternum
 Cranium

Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 27


COLUMNA VERTEBRALIS

PENDAHULUAN
 Ruas-ruas tulang belakang
 Discus intervertebralis
 Terdiri dari 33 buah:
7 Vertebra cervicalis
12 Vertebra thoracalis
5 Vertebra lumbalis
5 Vertebra sacralis
4 Vertebra coccygeus
Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 28
Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 29
MORFOLOGI

 Vertebrae : •Corpus
•Arcus td pediculus dan lamina
•Processus spinosus
•Processus transverses
•Processus articularis

 Foramen vertebralis Canalis


vertebralis (dilalui Medulla spinalis)

Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 30


Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 31
LENGKUNGAN COLUMNA
VERTEBRALIS
 Anterior Lordosis
 Posterior Kyphosis
 Samping Scoliosis

Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 32


VERT. CERVICALIS

 corpusnya kecil,berbtk segiempat


 Foramen vert. Berbtk segitiga
 Proc. Transversus berlubang
For. Costotransversarium
 Proc. Spinosus pendek & bercabang
dua

Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 33


VERT. THORACALIS

 Ukuran corpus sedang, anterior lbh


rendah dibdg posteriornya
 For. Vert. Bulat
 Processus spinosus panjang &
runcing
 Terdpt Fovea costalis pd Proc.transv
& Corpus vert.
Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 34
VERT. LUMBALIS

 Corpus besar, btk ginjal melintang,


dorsal > ventral
 Proc. Spinosus besar dan pendek
 Terdpt proc. Mammilaris
 Terdpt proc. Accessorius

Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 35


VERT. SACRALIS (= OS
SACRUM)
• Td. 5 ruas vertebrae Os
Sacrum
• Berbtk segitiga, basis di cranial, apex
di caudal
• Facies pelvicum & facies dorsalis
• Foramina intervertebralis
• Crista sacralis media
• Terdpt hiatus sacralis
Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 36
Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 37
OS COCCYGEUS

 Ada 4 ruas Os coccygeus

Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 38


VERT. BENTUK KHUSUS
 Vert. Cervicalis I (= ATLAS)
 Vert. Cervicalis II (= EPISTROPHEUS)
Corpusnya membentuk dens epistropheus
 Vert. Cervicalis VII
(=VERT.PROMINENS)Proc.spinosus lbh
panjang yang dapat dilihat dan diraba dari
luar
 Vert. Sacralis bersatu membtk Os
sacrumAntara vert. Lumbalis V dan basis
ossis sacri terdapat PROMONTORIUM
(tonjolan discus intervertebralis ke ventral)
Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 39
DISCUS
INTERVERTEBRALIS
Terdiri dari :
• Annulus fibrosus

• Nucleus fibrosus

• Berfungsi sbg Shock absorbers

• Letak : diantara 2 corpus vert.

Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 40


COSTA
• 12 pasang
• Melekat pd vert.thoracalis ke sternum
• 3 kelompok:

1.Costa Vera (costa I-VII)


2.Costa Spuria (costa VIII-X)
3.Costa Fluctuantes (costa XI-XII)
Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 41
STERNUM

• Manubrium sterni
• Corpus sterni
• Processus xiphoideus (=proc.
Ensiformis)
• Bersama costa membentuk
SKELETON THORACIS
Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 42
Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 43
CRANIUM

 NEURO CRANIUM
 VISCERO CRANIUM (SPLANCNO
CRANIUM)

Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 44


Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 45
Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 46
Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 47
Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 48
Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 49
NEURO CRANIUM

• Os occipitale (1)
• Os temporale (2)
• Os parietale (2)
• Os frontale (1)
• Os sphenoidale (1)
• Os eithmoidale (1)

Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 50


VISCERO CRANIUM
(SPLANCNO CRANIUM)
• Os maxilla (2)
• Os mandibula (1)
• Os Zygomatica (2)
• Os nasalis (2)
• Os lacrimale (2)
• Os vomer (1)
• Os palatinae (2)
• Os concha nasalis inferior (2)
Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 51
NEUROCRANIUM
Os Eithmoidalis
 BASIS CRANII Os Frontalis
Os Temporalis
Os Occipitalis
Os Shenoidalis

 CALVARIA CRANII Os Frontale


Os Parietale
Os Temporale
Os Occipitalis
Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 52

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