Introduction to Information

Technology
Objectives

• Define “information” and understand the four

methods of representing and conveying information

• Describe some important historical milestones in

recording and exchanging information

• Explain what technical topics are included in the field

of information technology

Information Technology 2
in Theory
Objectives (continued)

 Describe the role information technologies play in

modern society

 Articulate some cutting-edge trends in information

technology

 Gain familiarity with current career specializations in

information technology

3
The development of human civilization
 agricultural century ( <1800 )
 farming using human power
 industrial age (1800 - 1957)
 working in factories using human power and assisted by
machines
 information age 1957 - now)
 Educated workers
 Having special skills to work
 Assisted by computers and information technology
Defining Information

 Defining “information” are

 A fact or series of facts that carry meaning
 The value of these facts strongly depends on context
 Examples of information
 Spam
 911 emergency call
 Air traffic control map
 Text message
 Instructions for building a bomb
 Sports scores

Information Technology 5
in Theory
The Various Forms of Representing
Information

 The routes to representing information have not

changed for centuries
 Spoken word (sound)
 Text
 Pictures -----------------> video
 Numbers
 Today, information technologies (e.g. Web sites) still
represent information with text, images (including
video), numbers, and sound

Information Technology 6
in Theory
How Historically Have Humans Conveyed
Information?

7
Image Technology Milestones

8
Sound Technology Milestones

9
Alphanumeric Technology Milestones

10
What’s make information usefull
 Accuracy
 Conprehensive
 Flexible
 Easy to access
 Based on fact
 On time
The Speed and Scope of Information
 What has changed is the speed and scope of
information technologies
 Consider what a people can do in an hour:
 Check out the day’s most viewed videos on YouTube
 Make two cell phone calls
 Download a homework assignment for class
 Exchange several text messages with friends
 Book an airline reservation for a spring break trip
 Consult a news source
 Download a new music file
 Use the electronic library system to reserve a book
 Check the day’s sports scores
 Play an interactive online game
12
Defining Information Technology

 Information technologies are systems of hardware

and/or software that capture, process, exchange, store,
and/or present information using electrical, magnetic,
and/or electromagnetic energy
 Technologies meeting this definition range from
digital cameras to Internet radio to corporate computer
networks

Information Technology 13
in Theory
Two IT Examples

 Two examples of information technologies that

capture, process, exchange, store, and present
information:
 Cellular telephony
 Wireless Internet access

Information Technology 14
in Theory
Cellular Telephony

Information Technology 15
in Theory
Wireless Internet Access

Information Technology 16
in Theory
IT capabilities
Information technology is a description of technology
which make people are able to:
 Record
 Store
 Process
 Retrieve
 Transmit
 Receive
What is IT Devices
 Hanphone ?
 Laptop ?
 Computer ?
 Internet ?
 Or Others?
 You Name it..
Data VS Information
 Data is raw, unorganized facts that need to be
processed. Data can be something simple and seemingly
random and useless until it is organized.
 When data is processed, organized, structured or
presented in a given context so as to make it useful, it is
called information.
Data VS Information

https://byjus.com/biology/difference-between-data-and-information/
What Is Technology?
• Technology is a body of knowledge devoted to creating
tools, processing actions and the extracting of materials.
• The term ‘Technology” is wide, and everyone has their
way of understanding its meaning.
• We use technology to accomplish various tasks in our
daily lives
• in brief; we can describe technology as products and
processes used to simplify our daily lives. We use
technology to extend our abilities, making people the
most crucial part of any technological system.
The used of Technology
 Apply technology in almost everything we do in our daily
lives;
 use technology at work,
 use technology for communication, transportation, learning,
manufacturing, securing data, scaling businesses and so much
more.
 Technology is human knowledge which involves tools,
materials, and systems. The application of technology typically
results in products.
How do we get the informaton
 Library
 Media
 Paper
 Telecomunication devices
 Othe electronic devices
IT Component
 Hardware
 CPU, I/O Devices, Cable
 Software
OS, application

-Firmware
ROM Instruction
-Brainware
Enduser, programmer, analyst system

-Infoware
-Manual, SOP
Working environment
 Fast
 Complex
 Connected Golobally
 Competitive advantage
 Focus on service excellent

 Using Information Technology as The Solution

IT-Enabled Activities

 People rely on information technology for

entertainment, communication, and a variety of day-
to-day functions
 Most national economies are enmeshed in information
technologies
 IT has improved government communications and
information sharing

26
IT-Enabled Activities for People: Personal
Communications

 Conversations via phones and cell phones

 Messaging via e-mail and text messages
 Video communications
IT-Enabled Activities for People:
Entertainment

 Surfing the Web

 Listening to the radio
 Downloading MP3 files
 Watching television
 Playing interactive games

Information Technology 28
in Theory
IT-Enabled Activities for People: Day-to-
Day Living

 Buying an airline ticket

 Ordering books
 Checking the weather forecast or news
 Electronic banking
 Investing in the stock market

Information Technology 29
in Theory
IT-Enabled Activities for Businesses: Internal
Communications

 Internal computer networks

 Internal corporate Web sites
 Video teleconferencing
 Phone systems, cell phones, voice mail
 Messaging via e-mail and text messaging

Information Technology 30
in Theory
IT-Enabled Activities for Businesses:
Electronic Commerce

 Call centers
 Electronic transactions with
suppliers
 Online sales
 Point of sale devices and
networks
 Customer transaction servers

Information Technology in Theory

31
IT-Enabled Activities for Businesses:
Business Operations

 Factory floor systems

 Inventory tracking systems
 Customer databases
 Payroll and human resources

Information Technology 32
in Theory
 IT-Enabled Activities for Universities

 University phone systems

 Messaging via e-mail and text messages
 University Web site
 Electronic course schedules
 Online academic calendar
 Electronic classrooms
 Library information systems
 Online registration
 Online applications system
 Payroll and human resources
Information Technology 33
in Theory
IT-Enabled Activities for
Government/Citizen Interaction

 Electronic voting systems

 Motor vehicle registration
 Electronic tax filing
 Electronic voting systems
 Social Security transactions
 Information dissemination

Information Technology 34
in Theory
IT-Enabled Activities:
Government Functions

 Military information systems

 Electronic surveillance
 Intelligence networks
 Air traffic control systems
 IRS database
 Internal information networks and phone systems
 Library of Congress catalogs

35
The State of IT: Wireless

 What’s hot
 Being “unplugged”
 Wireless LANs (Wi-Fi)
 Mobile telephony
 What’s not
 Being “plugged”
 “Dark” fiber
 Traditional telephony

36
The State of IT: Security

 What’s hot
 Critical infrastructure protection
 Firewalls
 Biometric authentication
 What’s not
 Wi-Fi spoofing
 Unencrypted transmission
 Worms and Viruses

37
The State of IT: Media-Free

 What’s hot
 Distributed file sharing
 Video downloads
 Digital audio files
 What’s not
 CDs
 DVDs
 Floppy drives

38
The State of IT:
Interoperability and Openness

 What’s hot
 Open source code
 Interoperable approaches
 Open standards
 What’s not
 Closed source code
 Proprietary technology
 IM incompatibility

39
The State of IT:
Small Technologies

 What’s hot
 Mobile devices
 Nanotechnology
 Distributed processing
 What’s not
 Personal computers
 Macrotechnology
 Centralized processing

40
The State of IT:
Convergence

 What’s hot
 Voice over Internet
 Video phones
 Multimedia
 What’s not
 Traditional telephone service
 Voice only cell phones
 Data only LANs

41
The State of IT:
Speed

 What’s hot
 Compressed formats
 Broadband
 Gbps+
 What’s not
 Uncompressed formats
 Dial-up

42
 Reference
 Introduction to Information Technology 2nd Edition, 2012,
ITL Limited ITL Education Solutions Limited, Pearson
Education
 Pelin Aksoy, Laura DeNardis,2007, Information
Technology in Theory,Thomson Course Technology
 1.Teknology addition reading.pptx
 2. IS addition reading.ppt