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    Compounding & Reduplication Final 1

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    Utari Listiyani
    This document discusses compounding and reduplication in languages. It defines compound words as combinations of two words that form new lexical items. Compound words can have different structures like noun-noun or verb-verb. The document also distinguishes compound words from phrases. It then discusses different types of compound words like endocentric, exocentric, copulative and appositive compounds. The document analyzes the process of reduplication and different forms it can take like total, prefixal, suffixal and internal reduplication. Examples of reduplication are provided from various languages.

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    Compounding & Reduplication Final 1

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    Utari Listiyani
    374 views23 pages
    This document discusses compounding and reduplication in languages. It defines compound words as combinations of two words that form new lexical items. Compound words can have different structures like noun-noun or verb-verb. The document also distinguishes compound words from phrases. It then discusses different types of compound words like endocentric, exocentric, copulative and appositive compounds. The document analyzes the process of reduplication and different forms it can take like total, prefixal, suffixal and internal reduplication. Examples of reduplication are provided from various languages.

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    Compounding and reduplication

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    This document discusses compounding and reduplication in languages. It defines compound words as combinations of two words that form new lexical items. Compound words can have different structures like noun-noun or verb-verb. The document also distinguishes compound words from phrases. It then discusses different types of compound words like endocentric, exocentric, copulative and appositive compounds. The document analyzes the process of reduplication and different forms it can take like total, prefixal, suffixal and internal reduplication. Examples of reduplication are provided from various languages.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    374 views23 pages

    Compounding & Reduplication Final 1

    Uploaded by

    Utari Listiyani
    This document discusses compounding and reduplication in languages. It defines compound words as combinations of two words that form new lexical items. Compound words can have different structures like noun-noun or verb-verb. The document also distinguishes compound words from phrases. It then discusses different types of compound words like endocentric, exocentric, copulative and appositive compounds. The document analyzes the process of reduplication and different forms it can take like total, prefixal, suffixal and internal reduplication. Examples of reduplication are provided from various languages.

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    COMPOUNDING & REDUPLICATION

    KATA MAJEMUK & REDUPLIKASI


    1. Nurul Khasanah Based on :
    1. Understanding Morphology – Martin Haspelmath
    2. Hanif Maghfiroh 2. Modern Linguistics Morphology – Francis Katamba
    3. Tyas P Anjarini 3. The Grammar of Words – Geert Booij
    CAKUPAN POKOK BAHASAN
    Bentuk-bentuk reduplikasi
    Ciri-ciri compound words
    lintas bahasa

    Perbedaan compound words Model analisis Compounding


    and frasa and reduplikasi

    Model deskripsi proses


    Diskusi tanya jawab
    compounding
    Frasa atau Kata Majemuk?
    COMPOUND WORDS
    Based on booij: 79 “ compounding consists of the combination of two words to make new lexemes”

    Examples from Compound Structures:


    1. Noun + Noun = Noun 5. Verb + Verb = Verb
    note + book = notebook stir + fry = stir-fry
    2. Adjective + Noun = Noun 6. Adjective + Adjective = Adjective
    blue + berry = blueberry bitter + sweet = bittersweet
    3. Verb + Noun = Noun 7. Verb + preposition = Noun
    bath + room = bathroom break + up = breakup
    4. Noun + Adjective = Adjective 8. Preposition + Adjective = Adjective
    two + faced = two-faced under + pressure = under-pressure
    Compound words can be written in three ways:
    COMPOUND TYPES
    1. Endocentric compounds

    2. Exocentric compounds

    3. Copulative compounds

    4. Appositive compounds
    ENDOCENTRIC COMPOUNDS
    Compound which has two words that when we put together (A+B) denotes a special kind of B.
    *So B is the head that confers its core meaning.

    Example: windmill, smalltalk and bookstore.


    Contoh dalam bahasa : rumah sakit dan kacamata.
    EXOCENTRIC COMPOUNDS
    Compound which has two words and when we put together (A+B) denotes a special kind of an
    unexpressed semantic word.
    * The compounds do not have correlation of its meaning.
    * Without head as the core.

    Example: slit-eye, highbrow, walkman and pickpocket.


    Contoh dalam bahasa : kaki lima dan lahir batin.
    Compound words meaning can be influenced by:
    ~ Conventional/Culture interpretation
    ~ Metaphorical connotations, etc.
    COPULATIVE COMPOUNDS
    Compound which has two words and when we put together (A+B) denotes the summary of what A
    and B denote.

    Example:
    Bittersweet  Having both tastes.
    Sleepwalk  Sleeping while walking in your sleep.
    APPOSITIVE COMPOUNDS
    Compound which has two words and when we put together (A and B) provide different descriptions for
    the same referent.
    *Both compound words have the same referent.
    *The meaning of which can be characterized as “ as well as”.

    Example:
    Player-coach  Who is a player as well as a coach.
    Maidservant  A maid who is also a servant.
    PERBEDAAN KATA MAJEMUK (COMPOUND WORD ) DAN
    FRASA (PHRASE)
    1. Accent Subordination: one word accent dominates the rest in a compound, but in
    comparable syntactic phrase.
    Compound Words Phrase

    Example: Example:
    WHITEhouse (i.e. American President’ residence), WHITE HOUSE (i.e. Any house that is white), with
    wth main stress on WHITE and reduced stress on equal stress on two words, is syntactic phrase.
    house is a compound.
    Note: Accent subordination is a useful criteria. But unfortunately, it is not found in
    all compounds.
    Example: Apple pie and easy-going.
    PERBEDAAN KATA MAJEMUK (COMPOUND WORD ) DAN
    FRASA (PHRASE)
    2. Semantically Compositional
    Compound Words Phrase

    Memiliki makna baru atau memiliki satu Frasa tidak memiliki makna baru, melainkan
    makna tetapi maknanya masih dapat makna sintaktif atau makna grmatikal.
    ditelusuri secara langsung dari kata-kata
    yang digabungkan.
    Contoh: Contoh:
    Kaki Meja Kaki Nasir (Kakinya Nasir)
    blueberry (berry that is blue) Nice girl ( girl who is nice)
    MODEL DESKRIPSI PROSES COMPOUNDING
    1. Headedness of Compound
    MODEL DESKRIPSI PROSES COMPOUNDING
    2. The Right-hand Head Rule (RHR)
    MODEL DESKRIPSI COMPOUND WORDS
    3. Left-Headed Compounds
    MODEL DESKRIPSI PROSES COMPOUNDING
    4. Headless Compounds
    BENTUK & ANALISIS REDUPLIKASI
    (Based on Katamba: 180) A process whereby an affixs is realised by
    phonological material borrowed from the base. (Sebuah proses dimana afiks
    didasari oleh prangkat fonologis yang diambil dari base).

    Total Reduplication Reduplication as prefixation

    Reduplication as Suffixation Internal Reduplication

    Francis Katamba: 184-192


    1. TOTAL REDUPLICATION
    A reduplication of Entire Words

    English Malagsy Language

    be (big) be-be (Fairly big)


    Fotsy (White) Fotsi-Fotsy (Whitish)
    goody goody-goody (berlebihan) maimbo (stinky) Maimbo-maimbo (somewhat stinky)
    bye bye-bye(sampai jumpa) hafa(Different) hafa-hafa (somewhat different)
    boo boo-boo(kesalahan bodoh)

    (keenan and polinsky 1998:571)


    2.REDUPLICATION AS PREFIXION
    Reduplication of CV-sequense before the base

    Bahasa Ponapean

    Berlari-lari (ber+lari) Duph (dive) Du-duph (be diving)


    Berteriak-teriak (ber+teriak) mikh (Suck) Mi-mikh (be sucking)
    berputar-putar (ber+putar) wekh (confess) we-wekh (be confessing)
    berseru-seru (ber+seru)

    bd Chaer 2008: 183 Regh 1981:78


    3.REDUPLICATION AS SUFFIXION
    Reduplication of VC-sequense after the base

    Saho Words Mangap-Mbula

    Kuk (bark) Kuk-uk(be barking))


    lafa (bone) lafof (bones) Kel (dig) Kel-el (be digging)
    illa (spring) illol (springs) Kan (eat) Kan-an (be eating)
    gaba (hand) gabob (hands)

    Bugenhagen 1995:53
    4. INTERNAL REDUPLICATION
    Affixes inserted internally in a stem or base

    Bahasa Samoan

    Leluhur (luhur) Alova Alolova (love)


    tetangga (tangga) Savali Savavali (walk)
    Peparu (paru) Maliu Maliliu (die)
    ANALISIS REDUPLIKASI
    Reduplikasi dapat dianalisis menggunakan CV-Template agar kita mengetahui proses
    reduplikasi dan pembentukan kata ulang tersebut.

    Reduplikasi Utuh bahasa Inggris


    1. She always makes boo-boo
    (reduplication in entire words)
    boo (n) + R = Boo-boo (n)

    Reduplikasi as Prefixion (Agta)


    2. Takki (n) 'Leg' = Taktakki 'legs'
    (CVC-sequence before the base)
    (plural)
    ANALISIS REDUPLIKASI LINTAS BAHASA

    Reduplikasi as Suffixion
    3. Lafa (n) 'bone' = lafof 'bones'
    (VC-sequence after the base)

    Internal Reduplication
    4. savali (v) 'walk'+R = Savavali ' walks'
    (infixing in the second syllable CV sequence form)

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