Miniproject Water Level Indicator

WATER LEVEL INDICATOR
USING ARDUINO
MINI PROJECT
MECHANICAL ENGINERRING
3 RD SEMESTER
INTRODUCTION
 In accordance with the current scenario a lot of water is

wasted every day from residential areas ,offices and
hospitals .
 Water is essential in various ways and such a huge
amount of water wastage can lead to scarcity in future.
 In daily life it is very difficult to keep in touch with water
level in the tanks .Hardly anyone keeps in the track of the
level of water in overload tanks.
 In order to tackle such problems , an aurdino based
automatic water level monitoring system is used in our
project.
INTRODUCTION (CONTINUED)
 The main objective of the system is to monitor the water

level at rural areas so they help in detecting the wastage
of water and measures can be taken in order to avoid
unnecessary overflowing of water in the areas where
monitoring is a difficult task.
 In this project sensing is done by using a set of nine
probes which are placed at nine different levels on the
tank walls with probe 9 to 1 place in increasing order of
height , common probe (i.e. a supply carrying probe)is
placed at the base of the tank .
 The level 8 represents the “tank full” condition while 0
represents the tank empty condition.
COMPONENTS
 LCD
 ARDUINO NANO
 LM317
 PUMP
 JUMPER WIRE
 CONTAINER
 WATER PUMPING PIPE
 PERFBOARD
LCD
 LCD(liquid crystal display) is the technology used for

displays in notebook and other smaller computers.Like light-
emitting diode(LED) and gas-plasma technologies ,LCDs
allow displays to be much thinner than cathode ray
tube(CRT) technology.
 LCDs consume much less power than LED and gas- display
displays they work on the principle of blocking light rather
than emitting it.
 An LCD is made with either a passive matrix or an active
matrix display grid.The active matrix LCD is known as a
thin film transistor(TFT) display.The passive matrix LCD
has a grid of conductors with pixels located at each
intersection in the grid.
LM317
 The LM317 device is an adjustable three-terminal positive

voltage regulator capable of supplying more than 1.5A over an
output –voltage range of 1.25V to 37V.
 It requires only two external resistors to set the output voltage.
The device features a typical line regulation of 0.01% and typical
load regulation of 0.1%.
PUMP
 A pump is a device that moves fluids(liquids or gases), or

sometimes slurries ,by mechanical action….pumps
operate via many energy sources , including manual
operation ,electricity, engines , or wind power , come in
many sizes, from microscopic for use in medical
application to large industrial pumps.
JUMP WIRE
 A jump wire is an electrical wire, or group of them in a

cable , with a connector pr pin at each end, which is
normally used to interconnect the components of a
breadboard or other prototype or test circuit ,internally or
with other equipment or components , without soldering.
AURDINO NANO OVERVIEW
 Arduino nano is a surface mount breadboard embedded

version with integrated USB. It is a smallest ,complete ,
and breadboard friendly.
 It has everything that Diecimila / Duemilano has
(electrically ) with more analog input pins and onboard
+5V AREF jumper.
PERFBOARD
 Perfboard is a material for prototyping electronic

circuits(also called DOT PCB).
 It is a thin , rigid sheet with holes pre-drilled at standard
intervals across a grid of 0.1 inches(2.54mm) spacing .
These holes are ringed by round or square copper pads ,
though bare boards are also available.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
 The operation of this project is very simple and can be

understood easily . In our project “Water level
indicator” there are three main conditions:
 There is no water available in source tank.
 Intermediate level i.e. either of 3rd or 7th level.
 There is ample amount of water available in the source
tank.
 So let us discuss on more about these 3 conditions:
WATER IS NOT AVAILABLE
 When the tank is empty there is no conductive path between

any of the 8 indicating probes and the common probe (which is
connected to 5v+ supply) so the transistor base emitter region
will not have sufficient biasing voltage hence it remains in cut
off region and the output across its collector will be Vc
approximately 4.2v.As in this case microcontroller is used in
the active low region (which means its considers 0-2 volts for
HIGH and 3-5 volts for LOW) now the output of transistor
which is 4.2v approximately will be considered as LOW by the
microcontroller and hence the default value given by
microcontroller to the seven segment display is 1 which
indicates as the tank is empty.
INTERMIDIATE LEVELS
 Now as the water starts filling in the tank a conductive path is

established between the sensing probes and the common probe
and the corresponding transistors get sufficient biasing at their
base , they starts conducting and now the outputs will be Vce
(i.e. 1.2-1.8v) approximately which is given to microcontroller
.Here the microcontroller is programmed as a priority encoder
which detects the highest priority input and displays
corresponding water level in the seven segment display . In
this project while the water level reaches the 7th level i.e. last
but one level along with display in seven segment a
discontinuous buzzer is activated which warns user that tank is
going to be full soon.
WATER FULL
 When the tank becomes full , the top level probe gets the
conductive path through water and the corresponding
transistor gets into conduction whose output given to
microcontroller with this input microcontroller not only
displays the level in segment display but also activates the
continuous buzzer by which user can understand that tank
is full and can switch off the motor and save water.
ADVANTAGES
 Power saver
 Money saver
 Automatic
 Water maximization
 Reliable electronic design
 New control minimize touring and deterioration
DISADVANTAGES
 Water level control need to be replaced in every three

years.
 The rust ,foul and deteriorate.
 Electronic are usually built separately.
 More difficult
 No LED indicator lights
 No warranty and gurantee
APPLICATION
 Automatic Water level controller can be used in Hotels ,

Factories ,Homes Apartments complexes , Drainage , etc .It
can be fixed for single phase motor , single phase submersibles
, Three phase motors. We can control two motor and two
sumps and two overhead tanks by using single slit.
 Automatic water level controller will automatically START the
pump set as soon as the water level falls below the
predetermined level (usually 1/3 tank) and shall SWITCH
OFF the pump set as soon as tank is full.
 Fuel level indicator in vehicles .
 Liquid level indicator in the huge containers in the companies
FUTURE SCOPE
 Wired technology is used in our proposed systems here is

scope to further modify it by using wireless RF
technology.
 It can be used for level monitoring and control in
industries.
 A major future work can be possible in which a
centralized control of all the dams in a state using GRPS
or other wireless technology under central government
can be beneficial to the whole country.
CONCLUSION
 The proposed mechanism of water control reduces the water

wastage , ensures efficient use of available water resources
and generates more precise and accurate result.
 There is no requirement of human laborer for monitoring the
level , just one operator is sufficient for opening and closing
the gate according to sensor output.
 Due to the number of sensors being more we can open or
close the gate whenever necessary knowing the accurate
level of water. Also , operation execution time is less.
 Because of its cost efficiency this system can be installed in
various rural areas where the water problems are on a rise.

Miniproject Water Level Indicator

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WATER LEVEL INDICATOR

 In accordance with the current scenario a lot of water is

 The main objective of the system is to monitor the water

 LCD(liquid crystal display) is the technology used for

 The LM317 device is an adjustable three-terminal positive

 A pump is a device that moves fluids(liquids or gases), or

 A jump wire is an electrical wire, or group of them in a

 Arduino nano is a surface mount breadboard embedded

 Perfboard is a material for prototyping electronic

 The operation of this project is very simple and can be

 When the tank is empty there is no conductive path between

 Now as the water starts filling in the tank a conductive path is

 Water level control need to be replaced in every three

 Automatic Water level controller can be used in Hotels ,

 Wired technology is used in our proposed systems here is

 The proposed mechanism of water control reduces the water

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