PE2 Fundamentals of Rhythm and Dance

“An art form that generally refers to
movement of the body, usually to the

accompaniment of music, used as a form
of expression/communication, social
interaction or presented in a spiritual or
performance setting.”
It refers to movement
set to music where
organization, structure,
and pattern merge. It is a
composition that implies
arrangement of parts into
form.
It is a means of expressing one’s emotions
through movement disciplined by rhythm.
It is an art of moving rhythmically and
expressively to an accompaniment.
The term “Dancing” came from an old
German word “danson” which means “to
stretch”.
Filipinos possess natural grace, an inborn love
for music and dance.
Dances in the Philippines blends the exotic
customs & cultures of many countries races –
Indonesian, Malay, Chinese, Indian, Spanish &
American.
They danced for many occasions – Birth, love,
courtship, thanksgiving, wedding, war, victory,
marriage, planting & harvesting, prosperous
voyage, recovery from sickness and healing of
the sick, to drive away evil spirits & in invoking
their gods and anitos.
1. CREATIVE RHYTHMS – these activities are
sometimes called fundamental rhythms or natural
dances. It is an end-product of exploration and
improvisation of movements as children learn to
move the parts of their body.
2. FOLK/ETHNIC DANCE – is a cultural art form

handed down from generation to generation. It
communicates the customs, beliefs, rituals and
occupations of the people of a region or country.
3. SOCIAL AND BALLROOM DANCE – is a
social gathering with more formal atmosphere
than the simple and informal parties. These are
generally held in the evenings.
4. RECREATIONAL DANCE – includes dance
mixers, square dance, round and couple dances.
5. CREATIVE DANCE – is the highest form of
dance. This is a dance with definite form, a
beginning, and an ending. Examples are ballet,
jazz and modern or contemporary dance
Slide Walk Swing Stretch
Run Hop Rock Bend
Turn Somersault
Tip Twist
Gallop Skip Shake Rise
Crawl Jump Suspend Fall
Roll Leap
Locomotor Movements are used to move the body from
one place to another or to project the body upward.
Examples:
1.Walk – is a series of steps in all direction.
2.Run – is a walk with longer strides and there is a push off by the
foot to suspend the body momentarily in air.
3.Hop – is a spring on one foot and land on the same foot.
4.Skip – is a step and hop with the same foot in one count.
5.Leap – is to spring on one foot and land on the other foot.
6.Jump – is to spring on both feet and land on one or both feet.
7.Sliding – Gliding along the floor with either foot

Non-locomotor movements are movements of the
various parts of the body in fixed base.
Examples:
1.Flexion— Bending or shortening of a body part occurring
at a joint.
2.Extension—Turning, twisting or circling
3.Pendular— Swinging/ swaying arms forward, backward or
sideward.
4.Percussive—Striking and hitting: pushing and pulling.
5.Vibratory — Shaking and beating.
6.Sustained — A slow, smooth flowing movement with a
balance of movement throughout the entire series.
7.Suspended — A sharp movement followed by a series of
slow or prolonged movements until a peak is reached.

Metric Breath, waves, word cues, event
4/4, 2/4, etc cues, felt time
Before, after, unison, sooner than, faster

 This is a measured motion of
flow, characterized by
basically regular recurrence of
elements of features as beats,
sounds, or accents. This
definition implies
measurement of time, space
and energy.
 Denotes an aspect of a quality
1. Underlying Beat - The steady continuous sound
that is heard or felt throughout any rhythmical
sequence. This constant steady pulsation is
sometimes called pulse beat.
The underlying beat determines the time signature
of a piece of music or movements.
2
I__I I__I I__I I__I 4
3
I_ _ _I I_ _ _I I_ _ _I I_ _ _I 4
2. Note a written symbol of a musical tone
indicating sound.
NAME NOTE VALUE
Whole Note 4
Half Note 2
Quarter Note 1
1
Eight Note
2
Sixteenth Note
1
4
3. Note Pattern refers to a note or set of notes with
or without rest used for a certain dance step.
2
In Time
4
1 2
1 ah 2 ah
1 and 2
1-2
1 and 2 and A dot is equivalent to half

the value of the note
3
In Time
4
1 2 3 1 and 2 and 3 and
1 and 2 3 1 2-3
1 2 and 3 1-2 3
1 2 3 and
4. Measure refers to the identical grouping
of underlying beats. This group of notes is
between two bar lines.
2 Bar line
4
3
4
4
4
5. Time signature used to specify how many beats
are in each bar and which note value constitutes one beat.
Top Number: How many beats

are in the bar
Bottom Number: The type of

beat
6. Rhythmic Pattern is a definite
grouping of sounds or beats related to
the underlying beat. It is also called
melody pattern because the rhythmic
pattern follows the words or melody.
Example:
Word pattern Ba hay ku bo ka hit mun ti
Rhythmic pattern _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _
7. Phrasing is a group of measures that
gives a feeling of unity. Learning to identify
or recognize phrases is essential to
learning and creating dances.
Example:
3
4
Rock- a - bye ba - by on the tree tops
8. Accent is the force or emphasis given
to any one beat in a series of pulse beats in
a measure.
Examples:
9. Tempo is the rate of speed of the
movement. Music or accompaniment.
10. Intensity is the quality of movement

or music. It refers to dynamics or force
such as heavy or light.
Is the response of an
individual displaying his
emotional and mental
reaction to music or any
rhythmic accompanimen
Single Circle Single Circle
formation, facing formation, facing
clockwise counterclockwise
Single Circle Single Circle

formation, formation, facing
partners facing center
double Circle
formation,
facing
clockwise
double Circle
formation, facing
counterclockwise
Double line
formation
Double Circle partners
formation, facing
partners facing front
Quadrille,
Scatter square
formation formation
Movement is a change of
position in space. This
governed by mechanical
principles that limits the
ability of an individual to
move effectively and
efficiently.
1. Psychological Factors - Fear, anxiety and
other mental phenomena affect movement
either positively or negatively. All these may
affect the performance of an individual.
2. Physiological Factors - Physical Fitness and
body built are two main concerns that affect
human movement. Poor muscle
development and low fitness level will surely
affect movement.
3. Sociological factors - a particular group and
his regard to social conformity and norms.

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“An art form that generally refers to

movement of the body, usually to the

2. FOLK/ETHNIC DANCE – is a cultural art form

Before, after, unison, sooner than, faster

1 and 2 and A dot is equivalent to half

1 2 3 1 and 2 and 3 and

Top Number: How many beats

Bottom Number: The type of

10. Intensity is the quality of movement

Single Circle Single Circle

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