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    Introduction To Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

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    Esther Joy Hugo

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    Introduction To Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

    Uploaded by

    Esther Joy Hugo
    61 views16 pages

    Original Title

    C1 Ecology

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    61 views16 pages

    Introduction To Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

    Uploaded by

    Esther Joy Hugo

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Introduction to Ecology:

    Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers


    Chapter 1

    1
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
    Outline
    • Overview of Ecology
    • Ecology of Forest Birds
    • Forest Canopy Research
    • Climatic and Ecological Change
    • The Scope of Ecology

    2
    Overview of Ecology
    • Ecology: Study of relationships between
    organisms and the environment.
     Simple definition does not convey the

    extreme breadth of this discipline.


    • Ecosystem: Includes all organisms living in
    an area, and the physical environment with
    which these organisms interact.
     Biosphere: Highest level of ecological

    organization.
    3
    4
    Ecology of Forest Birds
    • Robert MacArthur studied the ecology of five
    species of warblers in spruce forests in N.A.
     Theory predicted two species with

    identical ecological requirements could not


    coexist indefinitely.
     Studies found warblers coexisted by

    feeding in different zones of the same


    tree.

    5
    Bay-breasted
    Warbler

    6
    Blackburnian
    Warbler

    7
    Black-throated
    Green Warbler

    8
    Yellow-rumped
    Warbler

    9
    Cape May
    Warbler

    10
    Warbler Feeding Zones

    11
    Stable Isotope Analysis
    • Chemical elements have different atomic
    masses (isotopes)
    • Proportions of isotopes vary across the
    environment and this is reflected in the body
    tissue of organisms
     Recent advances in ecology take

    advantage of this variation


     By examining body tissue, ecologists

    can determine food sources and habitat


    use
    12
    Forest Canopy Research
    • Due to heavy rainfall, many rainforest soils
    are nutrient-poor.
     Nutrient stores in rainforest canopies are

    associated with epiphytes.


     Epiphyte mats contain significant

    quantities of nutrients.
     Trees send roots up to epiphyte mats

    to access nutrients.

    13
    Climatic and Ecological Change
    • Many environmental changes occur over
    large spatial or temporal scales.
    • Davis monitored plant pollen deposited in
    lake sediments in the Appalachian Mtns.
     Documented large temporal changes to

    nearby plant communities.

    14
    Paleoecology: Vegetation History from Pollen Sediments

    15
    The Scope of Ecology
    • Ecology: Study of relationships between
    organisms and the environment.
     Wide variety of approaches.

     Large temporal and spatial scales.

     Field

     Lab

     Observational

     Manipulative

    16

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