Punching Failure of Slab-Column Connections Reinforced With Headed Shear Studs

ACI CONVENTION
PHILADELPHIA
OCTOBER 25, 2016
PUNCHING FAILURE OF SLAB-COLUMN CONNECTIONS

REINFORCED WITH HEADED SHEAR STUDS
Thai X. Dam,
Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates Inc.
James K. Wight,
The University of Michigan
Gustavo J. Parra-Montesinos,
The University of Wisconsin-Madison
and Alex DaCosta

RS&H, Inc.
1
Contents
Introduction
Effects of a slab flexural reinforcement ratio
Effects of shear stud layouts
Conclusions
2
Introduction
 A
research investigation at The University of Michigan
 17 large-scale interior slab-column connections were tested,
 Headed shear studs were used as slab shear reinforcement,
 Specimen design conforms to the ACI Code (ACI 318-14),
 Specimens were tested to failure under simulated gravity loads.
 Primary
Primary test
test parameters:
parameters:
 Percentage of slab flexural reinforcement ()
Percentage of slab flexural reinforcement ()
 Layouts of shear studs (orthogonal vs. radial)
Layouts of shear studs (orthogonal vs. radial)
 Spacing between shear studs
Spacing between shear studs
 Type of shear studs (single-headed with rail vs. double-headed)
Type of shear studs (single-headed with rail vs. double-headed)
 Location of stud rails (compression vs. tension regions)
Location of stud rails (compression vs. tension regions)
3
Introduction
Series M (12 specimens)
( in.)

4
Introduction
Series S (5 specimens)
( in.)
5 5
Introduction
Orthogonal layout (8)
𝑑
Radial layout (6)
studs ()
Grade 60 steel. ksi
6
Introduction
Series M (12 specimens)
7
Introduction
Series S (5
specimens)
8
Introduction
ALL SPECIMENS EXHIBITED PUNCHING SHEAR

FAILURE
9
Introduction
FAILURE SURFACES INSIDE SLABS
w/o shear
reinforcement
Shear studs in a
radial layout
Shear studs in an
orthogonal layout
10
TEST RESULTS
- Effect of slab flexural reinforcement ratio
11
Effect of slab flexural reinforcement ratio
MEASURED LOAD VS. DISPLACEMENT
𝐌𝐄𝐀𝐒𝐔𝐑𝐄𝐃 𝐋𝐎𝐀𝐃

𝐏𝐑𝐈𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐄𝐍𝐆𝐓𝐇
12
FOR CONTROL SPECIMENS
The ACI Code provisions for punching shear

strength are conservative for the test specimens
without shear reinforcement 13
FOR 5 SPECIMENS WITH A HIGHER REINFORCEMENT RATIO (APP.
1.25%)
For the specimens with a higher reinforcement

ratio, the ACI Code equations for punching shear
strength are typically conservative.
14
FOR 9 SPECIMENS WITH A LOWER REINFORCEMENT RATIO (APP.
0.8%)
Measured strength of specimens with a lower

reinforcement ratio may be significantly lower
than the calculated strength by the ACI Code
15
 Strain in flexural reinforcement prior to punching failure
𝟏𝟎
𝜺𝐲
𝟒 𝜺 𝐲
Significant yielding of flexural reinforcement near columns likely initiated

the punching shear failures.
Thus,
shear force required to develop a flexural mechanism () should
be considered in shear design of slab-column connections.
𝝓 𝑽 𝐮 ≤ 𝑽 𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐱
16
 Proposed for interior slab-column connections in flat plate
systems
 Use yield line analysis
 Consider shifting of the contra flexural line
𝑉
f lex ≅ (6.5+20 𝛽 )𝑚
√ 𝐴c 𝛽= hc
𝛽= ( for square column)
𝐿 𝐿
𝜌𝑓
(
𝑚≅ 1−
y
1.7 𝑓 c
′
) 𝜌𝑓 y𝑑
2
 Verified with results (within 5%) from tests of flat plate systems by
Hatcher et al[1] and Guralnick and La Fraugh[2]
17
 Minimum percentage of slab flexural reinforcement in the
transfer width (extend 1.5h from each side of a column)
𝝓
𝑽 𝐮 ≤ 𝑽 𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐱 ¿(6.5+20
𝛽 )𝑚
𝑉 u /𝜙
𝜌min =
( 5.85+18 𝛽 ) 𝑓 y 𝑑 2
18
TEST RESULTS
- Effect of layouts of shear studs
19
Effect of shear stud layouts
 Test results
Orthogonal layout Radial layout
• Measured strength of specimens with a radial layout of studs are equal or

higher (15%) than specimens with an orthogonal layout.
• Specimens with radial layout had higher ductile behavior than specimens
with an orthogonal layout 20
 Displacement ductility
∆f
𝜇=
∆ ym
21
 Test results from 64 tests of slab-column connections
reinforced with shear stud reinforcement (available in
literature)
For specimens that had , a radial layout of shear studs provided higher
ductility than an orthogonal layout of shear studs, and thus, radial stud
layout would allow the load on slabs to redistribute away from the
connections before punching shear failure. 22
Conclusions
 For slab-column connections with low flexural tension
reinforcement ratios, the ACI Building Code nominal strength
equations for punching shear at slab-column connections may
overestimate their shear strength.
 The flexural tension reinforcement ratio within a slab transfer
width, which extends 1.5 ( is slab thickness) on each side of the
column, should be greater than or equal to the proposed
minimum value.
𝑉 u /𝜙
𝜌min =
( 5.85+18 𝛽 ) 𝑓 y 𝑑 2
23
Conclusions
 For slabs that exhibited significant slab flexural yielding prior to
punching (), a radial layout of shear studs led to a higher shear
strength and more ductile behavior than an orthogonal layout.
 A radial layout is recommended in locations where ductility is
important.
24
The authors would like to thank The University of Michigan and Vietnam Education
Foundation for the financial supports.
The authors also would like to thank Neil Hammill at Decon USA for his donation
of some of shear studs used in this project.
THANK YOU!
25

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ACI CONVENTION

PUNCHING FAILURE OF SLAB-COLUMN CONNECTIONS

and Alex DaCosta

Orthogonal layout (8)

Radial layout (6)

Series M (12 specimens)

ALL SPECIMENS EXHIBITED PUNCHING SHEAR

The ACI Code provisions for punching shear

For the specimens with a higher reinforcement

Measured strength of specimens with a lower

Significant yielding of flexural reinforcement near columns likely initiated

Orthogonal layout Radial layout

• Measured strength of specimens with a radial layout of studs are equal or

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