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Engineering Lecture1:: Logic Circuits & Concepts About Basic Electrical Engineering Devices

The lecture provided an overview of logic circuits and basic electrical engineering devices. It discussed analogue vs. digital signals, binary numbers, logic gates, Boolean algebra, flip-flops, counters, data storage, transistors, amplifiers, and operational amplifiers. The key topics included the differences between analogue and digital signals, how binary numbers are used in digital circuits, common logic gates and Boolean functions, using flip-flops for dividing and counting, storing data in registers and memory, and using transistors in amplifiers and operational amplifiers.

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santhoshyeruvaka
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41 views

Engineering Lecture1:: Logic Circuits & Concepts About Basic Electrical Engineering Devices

The lecture provided an overview of logic circuits and basic electrical engineering devices. It discussed analogue vs. digital signals, binary numbers, logic gates, Boolean algebra, flip-flops, counters, data storage, transistors, amplifiers, and operational amplifiers. The key topics included the differences between analogue and digital signals, how binary numbers are used in digital circuits, common logic gates and Boolean functions, using flip-flops for dividing and counting, storing data in registers and memory, and using transistors in amplifiers and operational amplifiers.

Uploaded by

santhoshyeruvaka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Engineering Lecture1:

Logic Circuits &


Concepts about basic
Electrical Engineering Devices

by Christin Sander
Overview
1) Logic Circuits 2) Electrical Engineering
 Analogue vs Digital  Overview of Transistors
 Binary Numbers  Amplifiers
 Logic Gates  Operational Amplifiers
 Boolean Algebra
 Flip-Flops & Clocks
 Counters
 Data Storage
Analogue versus Digital
Analogue: Digital:

ANALOGUE signals DIGITAL signals


vary in a continuous way, represent information as a
can take any values sequence of discrete
varying physical quantities,
encode values into binary
numbers (0 or 1)
Analogue to Digital Conversion
 In nature, signals normally occur in an
analogue way
 To convert them into a digital signal, a
threshold value is selected.
 For values below the threshold: 0
 For values above the threshold: 1
Binary Numbers
 Decimal Number System
 The decimal number system is the base 10 number system
 Uses 10 different symbols (0,1,2,…..9)

 In General, any number system can be used

 Binary Number System


 The binary number system is the base 2 number system
 Uses 2 different symbols (0 and 1)
 A BInary digiT("BIT") in each position

 Binary logic circuits are useful for making controllers


 A binary system can also represent numbers of any magnitude
 Logic circuits can be realised which will perform arithmetical
operations on these binary numbers
 This is the principle behind almost all digital calculators and computers
Logic Gates
 Electronic circuits with one
or more input wires and one
output wire

 The voltage on the output Circuit


depends on the voltages on (made up of
the inputs transistors
used as
switches)
 The relationship between
inputs and output is a
logical function, determined
by the circuit arrangement
inside the gate.
Logical Functions
Boolean Algebra
Flip-flops
 D Flip-flop  Divide-by-2-circuit

 Ripple-Down Counter
J-K Flip-flop

Q+ indicates the value of Q after the next clock pulse


If J and K are different, Q takes on the value of J
If J and K are both 0, Q remains unchanged
If J and K are both 1, Q changes to its inverse (it "toggles")
Information from J and K is read in on the rising edge of the clock, and is
translated into action at the Q outputs on the FALLING edge of the clock
Synchronous Counter
 Synchronous Counter
(8-bits)
Data Register
 A circuit which can store temporarily all bits of a
binary number

A 3-bit register
(a typical personal computer will have
several 16-bit and 32-bit data registers
in its arithmetic unit)
Storage Devices: ROM

 A ROM cell

 Typical m-ROM device


Transistors

Small input current controls a large


output current
Can act as a switch if in saturation
or cut-off region
Amplifiers
 An amplifier is a device that accepts a small
signal and outputs a larger signal that generally
matches the waveform characteristics of the
input
It amplifies the input signal
 Factors affecting amplification
 Gain: Relationship of input and output signal
 Efficiency
 Bandwidth
 Settling time
 Noise
Operational Amplifiers
 An opamp is a device that
takes an analogue signal
and amplifies it
 Output voltage depends on
difference of input voltage
 Applications:
 Analogue to digital converters
 Filters
 Comparators

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