Prestressed Concrete
Prestressed Concrete
Prestressed Concrete
Prestressed Concrete
by Prof. Jae-Yeol Cho
INTRODUCTION
EFFECTS OF PRESTRESSING
PRESTRESSIGN METHODS
PRESTRESSING STEEL
CONCRETE
ELASTIC FLEXURAL ANALYSIS
FLEXURAL STRENGTH
PARTIAL PRESTRESSING
FLEXURAL DESIGN BASED ON ALLOWABLE STRESS
LOSS OF PRESTRESS
457.306
Theory of Reinforced Concrete and Lab. II
Fall 2009
-1-
13. Prestressed Concrete
INTRODUCTION
Eugene Freyssinet (1879 ~ 1962)
Inventor of Prestressed Concrete
Eccentrically
prestressed beam
Eccentrically
prestressed beam
Prestressed beam
with variable eccentricity
① Placing of Sheath
② Concrete Pouring
③ Installation of Tendons
④ Prestressing
⑤ Instalation of Anchorage
Anchorage
2) Pre-tensioning
An economical method of
prestressing
-Permits reusable steel or
fiberglass forms
-Permits the simultaneous
prestressing of many
members at once
-Expensive and anchorage
hardwares not required
Pi Pec P ec
Top fiber stress f1 i 1 i 1 21 (1)
Ac Ic Ac r
Ac
Theory of Reinforced Concrete and Lab II. -27- Fall 2009
13. Prestressed Concrete
2nd Stage 2) & 3)
Pi ec1 M o c1 M d c1
Top fiber stress f1 1 (3)
Ac r2 Ic Ic
P ec M c M c
Bottom fiber stress f 2 i 1 22 o 2 d 2 (4)
Ac r Ic Ic
Pe ec1 M o c1
f1 1 2
(5)
Top fiber stress Ac r Ic
Pe ec2 M o c2
Bottom fiber stress f2 1 2 (6)
Ac r Ic
Pe ec1 ( M o M d M l )c1
Top fiber stress f1 1 2 (7)
Ac r Ic
Pe ec2 ( M o M d M l )c2
Bottom fiber stress f 2 1 2 (8)
Ac r Ic
r2
e k2 2 (12)
c
Similarly,
Theory of Reinforced the
Concrete andlow -32- k is
Lab II.kern-point Fall 2009
13. Prestressed Concrete
Cross Section kern
Note
It should not be implied that the steel centroid must remain
within the kern. However, the kern limits after serve as
convenient reference points in the design of beams.
Corresponding stress is
12
(36.6 12 10 )3
439 psi
12000 Midspan
Theory of Reinforced Concrete and Lab II. -36- Fall 2009
13. Prestressed Concrete
(2) From initial prestress and self-weight ← Pi + Mo
f1 352 439 87 psi Midspan
f 2 2147 439 1708 psi
(US
Unit)
Compression at transfer
f ci 0.6 f 'ci 2250 1708 psi
Note
fti 184 psi 87 psi
fpe
f ps f py or ( f pe 420 ) MPa
f pe : effective stress in prestressed reinforcement
II) a > hf
The total prestressed tensile steel area is divided into two
parts.
Theory of Reinforced Concrete and Lab II. -50- Fall 2009
13. Prestressed Concrete
Nominal Flexural Strength
(a) Overhanging part
f ck
Apf 0.85 (b bw ) h f (18)
f ps
(b) Web part
Apw Aps Apf (19)
a hf
M n Apw f ps d p Apf f ps d p
2 2
a hf
Apw f ps d p 0.85 f ck (b bw )h f dp (20)
2 2
Apw f ps
where a (21)
0.85 f ck bw
Theory of Reinforced Concrete and Lab II. -51- Fall 2009
13. Prestressed Concrete
Nominal Flexural Strength
Note
If, after a prestressed beam is designed by elastic methods
at service loads, it has inadequate strength to provide the
required safety margin under factored load, NON prestressed
reinforcement can be added on the tension side and will work
in combination with the prestressing steel to provide the
needed strength.
Note
- In many cases, dt is the same as dp.
- If nonprestressed steel is used, dt will be greater than dp.
- If Eq.(22) is not satisfied, Ф should be calculated.
where Act is the area of that part of the cross section between
the tension section face and the centroid of the gross
concrete cross section.
f pu d
f ps f pu 1 p p ' (13)
1 f ck d p
Check if a > hf
First on the assumption that a < hf
Aps f ps
(0.765)(248)
a 4.65 in 4.5 in h f
0.85 f ck b (0.85)(4)(12)
Apw Ap Apf
a 4.94
c 5.81
1 0.85
OK. Ф=0.85
Theory of Reinforced Concrete and Lab II. -60- Fall 2009
13. Prestressed Concrete
Solution
a hf
M n Apw f ps d p 0.85 f ck (b bw )h f d
2 2
4.94 4.5
(0.271)(248) 17.19 0.85(4)(12 4)(4.5) 17.19
2 2
2.818 in kips 235 ft kips
Note
While tensile stress and possible crack may be allowed at full
service load, it is also recognized that such full service load
may be INFREQUENTLY applied.
Max.
Max. moment
moment sec.
sec. Support
Support sec.
sec.
Theory of Reinforced Concrete and Lab II. -69- Fall 2009
13. Prestressed Concrete
Note
∙ Stage ② : should not exceed fti and fci
∙ Stage ④ : should not exceed fts and fcs
Where the available stress ranges f1r and f2r can be calculated
from the specified stress limits fti , fcs , fts and fci , once the
f1 f 2
stress changes associated
and with prestress
are known.
loss
Theory of Reinforced Concrete and Lab II. -70- Fall 2009
13. Prestressed Concrete
The effectiveness ratio
Pe
R (26)
Pi
Thus the loss in prestressing force is
Pi Pe (1 R ) Pi (27)
Mo
f 2 (1 R) f ci : reduction of compression (29)
S2
Similarly,
f 2 r fts f 2 f ci (32)
Mo
fts (1 R ) Rf ci(33)
S2
Md Ml (1 R ) M o M d M l
S1 or S1 (34)
M Rfti f cs
Rfti (1 R) o f cs
S1
Similarly
(1 R) M o M d M l
S2 (35)
fts Rf ci
Mo
f 2 (1 R) f ci (44)
S 2
S1
(1 R ) M o M d M l
(0.15)(50) 300 12, 000
Rfti f cs (0.85)(195) 3600
980in3
S2
(1 R) M o M d M l
(0.15)(50) 300 12, 000
fts Rf ci 581 (0.85)(2520)
1355in3
Asymmetric section is appropriate.
I c 19,904 in 4
S 1, 422 in3
Ac 240 in 2
r 2 82.9 in 2
o 250 lb / ft (as assumed)
Theory of Reinforced Concrete and Lab II. -83- Fall 2009
13. Prestressed Concrete
· The concrete centroidal stress is
c1
f cci fti fti f ci
h
14
195 (195 2520) 1163 psi
28
initial prestress Pi Ac f cci (240)(1.163) 279kips
279
Aps 1.40 in 2
199
At
fti the
6 support, a temporary
f ci' 6 4200 390 psi concrete tensile stress
is permitted.
I c 24, 084 m 4
S 1606 in3
Ac 252 in 2
r 2 95.6 in 2
o 263 lb / ft (close to assumed value)
Theory of Reinforced Concrete and Lab II. -91- Fall 2009
13. Prestressed Concrete
· The concrete centroidal stress
c1
f cci fti fti fci
h
15
390 (390 2520) 1065 psi
30
initial prestress Pi Ac f cci (252)(1.065) 268kips
· The required constant eccentricity is
S1 1606
e ( f ti f cci ) (390 1065) 8.72in
Pi 268 10 3
Pe e c1,2 ( M o M d M l ) c1,2
f1,2 1 2 (54)
Ac r Ic
Pi e( x) c1 M o ( x)
fti 1 2 (55)
Ac r S1
f ti S1 S M ( x)
e( x ) 1 o (56)
Pi Ac Pi
Mo
S1
Mo Md Ml
Mo S1 (63)
S2 f1r
Mo M d Ml
S2 (64)
f2r
It should be noted that the stress limits fti and fci are satisfied
at ② stage but not equaled.
Theory of Reinforced Concrete and Lab II. -103- Fall 2009
13. Prestressed Concrete
The stress change
(1 ) M o
f1 (1 R) f ti (65)
S1
(1 ) M o
f 2 (1 R) f ci (66)
S 2
f1r f ti f1 f cs
(1 ) M o (67)
Rf ti (1 R ) f cs
S1
f 2 r fts 2 f ci f
(1 ) M o (68)
fts Rf ci (1 R )
S2
c1
f cci f ti fti f ci (38)
h
Pi Ac f cci (39)
ACI Code and AASHTO adopted a lump sum value but only
for “standard” conditions.
cf. ) exceptionally long span, light weight concrete …..
L
f s , slip Ep (74)
L
Pi e c2 M o c2
f2 1 2
Ac r Ic
Pi e2 M o e
f c 1 2 (75)
Ac r Ic
Ps
ln Kl (81)
Px
relation between prestress force Ps at
Ps Px e
Kl
the jack and reduced Px at a distance l
Theory of Reinforced Concrete and Lab II. -130- Fall 2009
13. Prestressed Concrete
Estimates of Separate Losses (current)
(3) Friction losses
If frictional losses are sufficiently low, it is satisfactory to
calculate the losses based on the tension Px at the distance l
from the jack.
The KCI Code 9.4.2 permit the use of this simplified form,
if the value of Kl + μα ≤ 0.3
Pfr Ps Px Ps 1 e Kl (85)
Pfr
f s , fr
Ap
f s 1 e Kl (86)
Ps Kl (85)
f s , fr f s Kl (86)
Note
For post–tensioned (bonded) and pre-tensioned member, the
loss due to creep is dependent on the concrete stress at the
section of maximum moment.
For unbounded post–tensioned member, the stress reduction
at steel is more or less uniform. So average value of fc
between anchorages may be used.
The effective yield stress for Grade 270 strand is fpy = 230 ksi
Then, at time 5 years ( = 44,000 hours )
log t f pi
f s ,rel f pi 0.55
10
f py
(44103 )
log 131
(131103 ) 0.55 1, 200 psi
10 230