Inspection of Hoists & Lifts

Presented by

A.T.Rodrigues (Wilson)
Mec Elec Industrial Services Pvt. Ltd.
Thane, Maharashtra
wr@mecelec.in
 Overview
1. Need for Inspection
2. Factories Act-Section 28
3. New BIS Series for Electric Traction Lifts
4. Types of Hoists and Lifts
5. Drive systems in lifts
6. Industry Practice
7. PM & thorough examination
8. Method of inspection
9. Inspection of lifts -IS:14665(Part 5):1999
10.Additional checks for Hydraulic Lifts

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 1.Need for Inspection

 Statutory Requirement
 Safety concerns
 Increase in the type of equipment
 New technology
 Complex features

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 Please Note……
 Remember, all Lifts/Hoists are not built the same.

 Lifts installed at different time periods conform to

different requirements or codes.

 Lift features and operation may vary from one Lift

to another.

 Get to know the Lifts in the buildings that you

respond to during Servicing or Inspections.
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 2. Factories Act-Section 28 (1):Hoists and Lifts

(a)Every Hoist and Lift shall be-

I. Of good Mechanical construction, sound material &
adequate strength.

II. Properly Maintained & thoroughly examined by a

competent person once in six months.

(b) Hoisting & Lift Way shall be sufficiently protected by

an enclosure fitted with gates to prevent any person
or thing from being trapped between any part of the
hoist or lift and any fixed structure. 5
 2. Factories Act-Section 28 (1):Hoists and Lifts

(c) Maximum Safe Working Load shall be marked

(d) Cage of every hoist or lift used for carrying persons

shall be fitted with a gate on each side from
which access is afforded to a landing.

(e) Gates shall be fitted with interlocks or other efficient

device

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 2. Factories Act-Section 28 (1):Hoists and Lifts

(2) Additional requirements for Hoists & Lifts used for

carrying persons:
a)There shall be at least 2 ropes or chains separately
connected with the cage and balanced
weight

b) Efficient devices shall be provided capable of

supporting the cage with its maximum load in
the event of breakage of ropes / chains.

c) Efficient devices shall be provided to prevent over

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running.
 2. Factories Act-Section 28 (1):Hoists and Lifts

• EXPLANATION 
For the purpose of this Section, no
lifting machine or appliance shall be
deemed to be a hoist or lift unless it has
a platform or a cage the direction of
movement of which is restricted by
guide or guides

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 3. New BIS Series-IS:14665:1999
Electric Traction Lifts

 Adopted by BIS
 Draft Finalized by Lifts & Escalators Sectional Committee
 Approved by Electrotechnical Division Council.
Need for the new series
 Different Lifts Act and Rules were being followed
 To align the Indian Standards with the latest Development
in the field
 To align with European Norms EN-81
 To have a uniform code for the entire country
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 3. New IS Series-IS 14665:2000
Electric Traction Lifts

For Passenger , Goods and Service Lifts

 Part 1-Outline Dimensions.

 Part 2(Section 1 & 2)-Installation, Operation
and Maintenance.
 Part 3(Section 1 & 2)- Safety Rules.
 Part 4(Section 1 to 9)-Components.
 Part 5-Inspection manual.

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 3.IS 14665:1999 Series Supersedes

 IS 3533:1979  IS 11706:1986
 IS1860:1980  IS 9878:1981
 IS 6620:1972  IS 10448:1983
 IS 4666:1980  IS 7759:1975
 IS 6383:1971  IS 11633:1986
 IS 9803:1981  IS 10913:1984
 IS 11615:1986

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Relevant Indian Standards

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4. TYPES OF HOISTS AND
LIFTS

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Passenger Lift

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Goods Lift

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 Rack &Pinion Hoist
used at construction sites

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Platform Lifts

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Suspended Cradle Access System
(Gondola Lift)

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 5.Drive Systems in Lifts

 Electric Traction Lift

 Gearless
 With Gear

 Drum Type

 Hydraulic
 Direct Acting
 Indirect Acting
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 Parts of a Electric Traction Lift
Control Panel
Machine room Motor with sheave

Speed governor
Lift Car

Power Cable Guide Rails

Counter weights
Landing Doors

Lift Pit or Shaft

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Drum Type Lift

Drum with Hoisting

Ropes

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 Drum Type Lift
Consists of a large drum in the machine
room around which hoisting ropes and
counter weights ropes are wound. Not used
in tall buildings because of the large drum
size that would be necessary.

This is an old type of system mainly used for

Goods Lift. The machine room for this type
of Lift could be located on the Ground floor
next to the pit, in the basement or overhead.

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Hydraulic Lift

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Hydraulic Lift (Direct Acting)

Plunger

Cylinder

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 6. Industry Practices

 Hoist and Lifts

 Installed by reputed manufacturer according

to national or International standards.

 Installed by local manufacturer based on his

own design & expertise-Found mostly in case
of Goods lift.
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 7.Preventive Maintenance & Thorough
Examination

 Preventive Maintenance should not be

confused with Thorough Examination

 Preventive Maintenance Involves:

 Replacing worn or damaged parts

 Topping up Fluids
 Lubrication
 Routine adjustments to ensure risks are avoided
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 7.Preventive Maintenance & Thorough
Examination

Thorough Examination Is:

 a systematic & detailed examination of the
lift and all the components by a competent
person.
 Carried out every six months.
 to detect any defects that are or might,
become dangerous.
 to act as a check that maintenance is being
carried out properly. 27
 8.Method of Inspection

 Begin with:
 A Plan

 A detailed Checklist relevant to the equipment

based on experience and conforming to a code
or standard.

 Assessment of the hazards and risks involved

while carrying out the inspection.
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 Thorough Examination…
 Should include but not limited to:
 Main drive system components
 Gearing
 Governors
 Landing and car doors and their interlocks
 Safety Devices
 Suspension Ropes/Chains
 Overload detection devices
 Braking system
 Hydraulic system 29
 Thorough Examination…

 Quality of Ride
 Electrical devices
 Earthing
 Contactors
 Fuses
 Safety devices
 Trailing cable
 Sensors
 Controls

More detailed guidance can be found in the Inspection Manual of BIS

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9.Inspection of Lifts-IS 14665(Part 5):1999

 can be done from five places :

I. The Lift Pit.
II.Inside of the Lift Car.
III.Top of the Lift Car.
IV.Machine Room.
V.Each and Every Landing

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I. Lift Pit
 Do not enter if waterlogged
 Ladder required if depth is
more than 1.3 m
 Condition of
 Car Buffers
 Counterweight buffers
 Counterweight guard screen
 Governor pulley
 Pit switch
 Trailing cable
 Rollers of limit switch

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 Lift Pit

Water logged and badly kept 33

 Lift Pit

Roller of the lower limit switch is missing 34

 Lift Pit

Platen Plate Fasteners are Loose and Dislodged 35

 II. Inside of the Lift Car

Goods lift Passenger lift 36

 II. Inside of the Lift Car

 Provision of:  Condition of:

 Car capacity display  Push button station
 Fan  Car sides, top & flooring
 Emergency alarm bell  Car door & its operation
 Light  Door Interlocks
 Ventilation  Gap between car sill &
 Inching device for Landing sill not > 30mm
passenger cum goods lift  Display

Check all the functions and features from inside the lift car
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Car Door Interlocks

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III. Top of the Lift Car

 Provision of:
 Maintenance switch
 Switch board with 3 pin
socket.
 Hoist way lighting
 Guard railing

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 Checks from top of the Lift Car

 Test maintenance  Suspension ropes.

switch in ‘UP’ &  Rope fastening.
‘DOWN’ directions.  Midway junction box.
 Operation of lever of  Condition of car top.
landing door by
 Counterweight guide
pressing it.
shoe liners.
 Earthing of all metal
 Fastening of
parts.
counterweight stack
 Car guide shoe liners.
 Trailing cable
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Checks from top of the Lift Car

Lift door clutch tied with a wire 41

IV. Checks from Machine Room

Machine Room Wire Rope Sheave 42

 Checks from Machine Room
 Provision of:  Check
 Locking arrangement  Cleanliness in the
 Cross ventilation Machine Room.
 Light points  Overload Tripping
 Separate main switches  Various contacts in
 Delocking key for doors Panel
 Brake releasing device  Brake Adjustment
 Maintenance log book  Brake shoe liner
 Gear box if provided
 Motor operation
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 Checks from Machine Room

 Check  Check
 Lubrication of gear box.  UP final limit switch.
 Traction Sheave.  DOWN final limit
 Main Suspension switch.
ropes.  Operation of OS
 Rope terminations Governor.
 Ropes of OS Governor  Limit switch operating
 Wiring at control Panel rope.
 Earthing arrangement

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 Checks from Machine Room

Copper wire instead of fuse Brake shoes

Overspeed Governor and Sheaves Defective brake liner

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 Checks from Machine Room

Lift Motor and Control Systems Contactor 46

 Suspension Ropes

 Wire ropes wear out

due to:
 Breakage of the
wires.
 Reduction in area
caused by wearing
of the outside
wires.
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Parts of a Wire Rope

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Type of Defects in Wire Rope

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Type of Defects in Wire Rope

Wire Rope Frayed

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Type of Defects in Wire Rope

Wearing of Outside Wires

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Type of Defects in Wire Rope

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 Type of Defects in Wire Rope

• Fatigue (Bending without Failure) –

Fatigue failure of wire rope is caused by
the development of small cracks during
small radius bends.

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 Methods of Inspection –IS:8216-1976

 Dirty & Over lubricated ropes to be cleaned.

 Use a hand lamp.
 Move the car downward , one or two meter at a
time and examine the rope at each of the stops.
 It should be noted when the broken wires begin to
appear.
 Thereafter examine the rope frequently.
 Rapid increase in the number of broken wires is
significant.
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 Condemnation of Ropes

A. Discard the rope if..

 If the broken wires are equally distributed among
the strands,
 When the number of broken wires per pitch of lay
exceeds
Type of Rope No. of Broken
wires
6 X 19 24-30
8 X 19 32-40
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 Condemnation of Ropes

B. Discard the rope if..

 If 4 or 5 wires, side by side, are broken across the
crown of any strands,
 When the number of broken wires per pitch of lay
exceeds
Type of Rope No. of Broken
wires
6 X 19 12-20
8 X 19 16-24
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 Condemnation of Ropes

C. Discard the rope if..

 If the distribution of broken wires is unequal and
broken wires predominate in one or two strands,
 When the number of broken wires per pitch of lay
exceeds
Type of Rope No. of Broken
wires
6 X 19 8-12
8 X 19 10-16
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 Condemnation of Ropes

D. Discard the rope when the no. of broken wires

exceed 50% of the values mentioned for A , B,
and C if the following unfavourable factors exist
 Corrosion
 Excessive wear of individual wires in the
strands
 Unequal tension
 Poor sheave grooves
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 Condemnation of Ropes

 The ropes should be discarded when actual

diameter reduces below the values in the
table.

REDUCTION IN DIAMETERS
Nominal Diameter, in mm 12 14 16 18 20 25
Reduced Diameter, in mm 11.2 13.2 14.8 16.8 18.8 23.4

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 Condemnation of Ropes

 Breaks in the Valleys of the ropes

 Indication of internal breaks.
 Surface may show little or no wear.
 More likely to occur in governor & compensating
ropes.
 Where ratio of sheave to rope diameter is small
 If total no. of broken wires in the valleys of a
rope lay exceeds one.
 Discard the rope.
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 Replacement of Ropes
 When replacing suspension and compensating
ropes.
 Replace all ropes in a set.
 All ropes should be from same manufacturer.
 Same material.
 Same grade.
 Same construction.
 Same diameter.
 Cut from the same reel.
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Ropes Terminations

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IV.Checks from Floor Landings

Goods lift Passenger lift 63

 Checks from Floor Landings
 Provision of delocking  Condition of floor
arrangement at every indicator/ in use
landing. indicator or direction
 Provision of lights at every call registering light.
landing.
 Operation of fireman
 Condition of landing doors.
switch and test
 Operation of landing hall
buttons.  Opening of any landing
 Level of car with landing doors while lift is
sill passing through a
landing zone

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 Checks from Floor Landings

Lift car and the landing sill at different levels

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SAFETY GEAR FOR SPEED CONTROL

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 10.Additional Checks for Hydraulic lifts
 Oil level in main tank
 Hydraulic hoses & pipe
connections
 Quality of hydraulic oil
 Oil filters
 Main Valve block filters
 Pump filters
 Hydraulic ram and its joints
 Plunger and its operation
 Pressure Relief Valve
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 PASSENGER SAFETY
• Press only the UP or DOWN button. This is
the quickest way of getting an elevator to
arrive.
• When elevator doors start closing, stand
clear of them. Be extra careful with children.
• In modern elevators built-in safety devices
will prevent an elevator from moving if it is
overcrowded. As soon as the overload is
removed, the elevator will resume normal
operation.
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 PASSENGER SAFETY
• If the elevator does not align exactly
with the floor of the landing, step over
the gap to avoid tripping.

• If the elevator stops between landings,

stay calm. Press the alarm button and
wait for instructions from the rescue
personnel.
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 PASSENGER SAFETY
• Elevators are designed so that there will
always be sufficient air. If it feels warm in the
car, it is just the passengers’ body heat.
• Many elevators have emergency lighting.
• Never attempt to force your way out of the
car.
• Emergency power systems can be designed
to bring elevators automatically to the next
floor, which is experienced as a slow
movement. This is normal. 70
 PASSENGER SAFETY
• If there is a fire or an imminent
danger of fire, do not use
elevators.
• Use the emergency staircase and
follow the instructions of rescue
personnel.
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Thank You
For your
Attention
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