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    Hydropower Plant

    Uploaded by

    mebratu Assefa
    A hydroelectric power plant harnesses the kinetic energy of flowing water by using a dam to store water in a reservoir. Water released from the dam flows through a penstock to spin turbines connected to generators, producing electrical energy. The electricity is stepped up in voltage by transformers for transmission to homes and businesses. Key components include the dam, penstock, turbine, generator, transformer, and transmission lines. The most common turbine type is the Francis turbine which efficiently converts the pressure of falling water into rotational energy.

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    Hydropower Plant

    Uploaded by

    mebratu Assefa
    147 views9 pages
    A hydroelectric power plant harnesses the kinetic energy of flowing water by using a dam to store water in a reservoir. Water released from the dam flows through a penstock to spin turbines connected to generators, producing electrical energy. The electricity is stepped up in voltage by transformers for transmission to homes and businesses. Key components include the dam, penstock, turbine, generator, transformer, and transmission lines. The most common turbine type is the Francis turbine which efficiently converts the pressure of falling water into rotational energy.

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    A hydroelectric power plant harnesses the kinetic energy of flowing water by using a dam to store water in a reservoir. Water released from the dam flows through a penstock to spin turbines connected to generators, producing electrical energy. The electricity is stepped up in voltage by transformers for transmission to homes and businesses. Key components include the dam, penstock, turbine, generator, transformer, and transmission lines. The most common turbine type is the Francis turbine which efficiently converts the pressure of falling water into rotational energy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    147 views9 pages

    Hydropower Plant

    Uploaded by

    mebratu Assefa
    A hydroelectric power plant harnesses the kinetic energy of flowing water by using a dam to store water in a reservoir. Water released from the dam flows through a penstock to spin turbines connected to generators, producing electrical energy. The electricity is stepped up in voltage by transformers for transmission to homes and businesses. Key components include the dam, penstock, turbine, generator, transformer, and transmission lines. The most common turbine type is the Francis turbine which efficiently converts the pressure of falling water into rotational energy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    Potential mechanical electrical

    kinetic energy of
    energy of water energy at energy at
    water at penstock
    from dam the turbine generator
    Hydro power plant
    • Hydro power plant or hydroelectric power plant.
    • It utilize the water to move/rotate the turbine which
    turn the generator.
    • Energy transformation on the hydro power plant
    The main components of a conventional
    hydropower plant are:
    1. Dam: Most hydropower plants rely on a dam that
    holds back water, creating a large water reservoir that can
    be used as storage.
    • There may also be a desilter to cope with sediment
    build-up behind the dam.
    2. Intake, penstock and surge chamber: Gates on the
    dam open and gravity conducts the water through the
    penstock (a cavity or pipeline) to the turbine.
    • There is sometimes a head race before the penstock.
    • A surge chamber or tank is used to reduce surges in
    water pressure that could potentially damage or lead to
    increased stresses on the turbine.
    Cont.…
    3.Turbine: The water strikes the turbine blades and
    turns the turbine, which is attached to a generator by a
    shaft. There is a range of configurations possible with
    the generator above or next to the turbine.
    The most common type of turbine for hydropower
    plants in use today is the Francis Turbine, which allows
    a side-by-side configuration with the generator.
    4. Generators: As the turbine blades turn, the rotor
    inside the generator also turns and electric current is
    produced as magnets rotate inside the fixed-coil
    generator to produce alternating current (AC).
    Cont. ….
    5.Transformer: The transformer inside the powerhouse
    takes the AC voltage and converts it into higher-voltage
    current for more efficient (lower losses) long-distance
    transport.
    6. Transmission lines: Send the electricity generated to a
    grid-connection point, or to a large industrial consumer
    directly, where the electricity is converted back to a lower
    voltage current and fed into the distribution network
    7. Outflow: Finally, the used water is carried out through
    pipelines, called tailraces, and re-enters the river
    downstream. The outflow system may also include
    “spillways” which allow the water to bypass the
    generation system and be “spilled” in times of flood or
    very high inflows and reservoir levels.
    Components of hydroelectric power plant
    Turbines
    • Turbines are devices that convert the energy from
    falling water into rotating shaft power.
    • There are two main turbine categories: “reactionary”
    and “impulse”.
    • Impulse turbines extract the energy from the
    momentum of the flowing water, as opposed to the
    weight of the water.
    • Reaction turbines extract energy from the pressure of
    the water head.
    • Suitable and efficient turbine for a hydropower project
    will depend on the site and hydropower scheme design,
    with the key considerations being the head and flow
    rate.
    Cont. …
     The Francis turbine is a reactionary turbine.
    • The most widely used hydropower turbine in existence.
    • it used for a wide range of head and flow rates and highly
    efficient.
     The Kaplan reactionary turbine was derived from the Francis
    turbine but allows efficient hydropower production at heads
    between 10 and 70 meters, much lower than for a Francis
    turbine.
     Impulse turbines such as Pelton, Turgo and cross-flow are also
    available.
    • The Pelton turbine is the most commonly used turbine with
    high heads.
    • Impulse turbines have lower efficiencies but are less dependent
    on discharge and have lower maintenance requirements.

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