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Functions, Domain and Range

The document defines functions, domains, ranges, and various types of functions like piecewise functions. It discusses representing functions with equations, graphs, and mapping inputs to outputs. Examples show finding the domains and ranges of functions given their definitions. The key aspects are that a function relates each input to exactly one output, domains are the sets of all allowable inputs, and ranges are the sets of all possible outputs.

Uploaded by

Abidur Rahman Zidan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
157 views

Functions, Domain and Range

The document defines functions, domains, ranges, and various types of functions like piecewise functions. It discusses representing functions with equations, graphs, and mapping inputs to outputs. Examples show finding the domains and ranges of functions given their definitions. The key aspects are that a function relates each input to exactly one output, domains are the sets of all allowable inputs, and ranges are the sets of all possible outputs.

Uploaded by

Abidur Rahman Zidan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Functions, Domain and Range

• Function
• Graph of Simple Functions
• Vertical Line Test
• Piecewise-Defined Functions
• Shifting Graph of a Function
• Domain and Range of Functions
# What is Function?
Almost anything can view as a function.
The value of ‘f’
or (more specifically)
The Image of x under ‘f’

e.g. f(x) = x + 2 f(1) =3, f(2)=4

# Is it only an Equation?
Function is most general thing than an equation.

 1 f(−3)= −1,
 x2 ; x  2
 2
f  x   x  6 ;  2  x  3 f(0)= −6,
 x6 ; x3
 f(10)= 4

Representation of Function:
function

dependent
y = f(x)
Input/ independent variable /
Variable of ‘f’ Argument of ‘f’

Definition of Function:
If a variable ‘x‘ in such way that each value of x
determines or gives exactly one value of ‘y’ , then
we say that “y is a function of x”. We can write
function as y = f(x).
if x is real, then f is called real
valued function.
y = f(x)
if x is complex, then f is called
complex valued function.
Graph of Simple Functions:
Absolute Value Function:
Definition: Piecewise defined function
A Piecewise function is a function that is defined on a sequence
of intervals. breakpoints

(─∞, 0)
[0, 1]
(0, +∞)
Vertical Line Test:

this curve cannot be


a graph of a function.
Shifting a Graph of a Function:
# Sketch the graph of the function y  x  2  1

Solution:
y = f(x + h) +k and h= −2 , k = −1

Sketch : y = I x- 3 I + 2
Some Graphs
.
Domain and Range of a Function:
set of all allowable inputs
is called Domain; Df

y = f(x)
set of all outputs is called Range; Rf

Definition of Domain and Range:


Let y = f (x) is a function, then the set of all allowable inputs ( x- values)
is called the ‘Domain of f ’, and the set of all outputs ( y- values) that
result when x- varies over domain is called the ‘Range of f ’. Generally,
domain of f (x) denoted by Df and range of f (x) denoted by Rf

Example: f(x) = x+1 Domain, Df = ℝ or, {x: x ∈ ℝ }

Range, Rf = ℝ or, {y: y ∈ ℝ }


Find Domain and Range:
# Find the domain and range of the function y = I x I.
Solution:
The function y = I xI is define for every real value of x i.e x ∈ ℝ. So domain
Df = ℝ or, { x : x ∈ ℝ }
Again, for every real value of x the out put of the function y = I xI is a
non-negative real number. So, range
Rf = { y : 0 ≤ y < ∞ } or, [0, ∞) ▄

# Find the domain and range of the function y = 1− x2


Solution:
Since y = f (x) is defined for all x ∈ ℝ,.
∴ Domain , Df = ℝ or, {x: x ∈ ℝ }

Since x2 ≥ 0, therefore the maximum value of y = f (x) is 1.


∴ Range , Rf = (− ∞, 1) ▄
# Sketch the graph and find domain & range of the function f(x) = 1+
x2
Solution:
Here function y = f (x) is defined for every x ∈ ℝ .
∴ Domain of f, Df = ℝ

For every x ∈ ℝ , the minimum value of the


function is 1 and maximum value is ‘infinity’.
So, range of f, Rf = [1, ∞) ▄

# Sketch the graph and find the domain


and range of the function f  x    x
Solution:
The function y = f (x) is defined for every
value of x if − x ≥ 0, ⇒ x ≤ 0 .
∴ Domain, Df = (− ∞, 0]
For every x ∈ (− ∞, 0), we get y ≥ 0.
∴ Range, Rf = [0, ∞) ▄
# Sketch and find the domain and range of the function
 x ; 0  x 1
f  x  
2  x ; 1  x  2
Solution:
Here the function y = f(x) is defined for
0 ≤ x ≤ 1 and 1 < x ≤ 2.

∴ Domain, Df = [0, 1]∪ (1, 2]


= [0, 2]

For every x ∈ [0, 2], the minimum value of y is 0 and maximum value is 1.
∴ Range, Rf = [0, 1] ▄
# Sketch and find the domain and range of the function
3  x ; x  1
F  x  
 2x ; x  1
Solution:
Here the function y = F(x) is defined for x ≥ 1 and x < 1.

∴ Domain, DF = (− ∞, 1) ∪ [1, ∞)
= (− ∞, ∞)
For every x ∈ (− ∞, ∞), the minimum
value of y is 2 and maximum
value is ‘infinity’.
∴ Range, RF= [2, ∞) ▄

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