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Personality and Emotions: by Stephen P. Robbins

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Personality and Emotions

By Stephen P. Robbins

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What is personality

 The qualities of a person’s character that make them


interesting and attractive
 According to Stephen p. Robbins “ Personality is
the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts
and interacts with others.”
 According to Gordon Allport “ Personality is the
dynamic organization within the individual of those
psychophysical systems that determine his unique
adjustments to his environment”

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Measuring Personality

Two Measurement Techniques :


 Self-report survey (individuals evaluate themselves
by rating themselves on a series of factors)
 Observer-ratings survey (independent assessment
of personality conducted by co-worker or another
observer)

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Personality Determinants

 Heredity
 Environment
 Situation

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Personality Determinants Conti..
 Heredity – refers to those factors that were
determined at conception, one’s biological,
physiological, and inherent psychological makeup

 Physical structure, facial attractiveness, muscle


composition may indicate who is your parent

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Personality Determinants Conti..
 Environment - The early conditioning, the norms
among family, friends and social groups will play
substantial role in shaping our personality.

 For example – Culture establish the norms, attitudes


and values that are passed along from one generation
(personality) to another (personality).

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Personality Determinants Cont..
 Situation – The personality of an individual can
change in situation to situation. Such as – Personality
with family members and organizational members is
different.

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Personality Traits

 Personality Traits – enduring characteristics that


describe the behavior of an individual

 Such as – Shy, aggressive, submissive,, lazy,


ambitious, loyal, and timid.

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The big five factors of human personality

1) Extraversion
2) Agreeableness
3) Conscientiousness
4) Emotional stability
5) Openness to experience

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The big five factors of human
personality Conti...
1) Extraversion – A personality dimension
captures one’s comfort level with relationship.
Extraverts tend to be sociable, gregarious,
outgoing, and assertive, want to stay with
people, prefer to be around people most of the
time. Introvert tend to be reserved, timid, and
quiet. Prefer to be alone or a few close friends.

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The big five factors of human
personality Conti...
2) Agreeableness - A personality dimension refers
to an individual propensity to defer to others.
Highly agreeable people are cooperative, warm
and trusting, compassionate (feeling or showing
sympathy and concern for others), good- natured
and to avoid conflict. People who score low on
agreeableness are hard-headed skeptical, proud,
competitive, disagreeable, cold, antagonistic.

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The big five factors of human
personality Conti...
3) Conscientiousness - A personality dimension
describing someone who is responsible, well-
organized, dependable, persistent. Have high
standards and always strive to achieve goals.
People who score low on conscientiousness
are not very well organized and sometimes
careless and unreliable. Prefer not to make
plans

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The big five factors of human
personality Conti...

4) Emotional stability - A personality dimension that


characterizes someone who is emotionally stable, tend
to be clam, self-confident, secure (positive) versus
nervous, anxious, depressed, and insecure (negative)
5) Openness to experience - A personality dimension
that characterizes someone in terms of creative,
curious, and artistically sensitive. Have broad interest
and are very imaginative. People who score low on
openness to experience are practical, traditional and
find comfort in the familiar.
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How do the big five traits predict
behavior at work?
 Research on the big five has found relationships
between these personality dimensions and job
performance. The preponderance of evidence shows
that individuals who are dependable, reliable, careful,
hardworking, persistent, tend to have higher job
performance. Employees who score higher in
conscientiousness develop higher levels of job
knowledge. The higher levels ob job knowledge then
contribute to higher levels of job performance.

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 Compared to introvert, extraverts tend to be happier in
their jobs and in their lives as a whole. They experience
more positive emotions than do introverts, and they can
more freely express these feelings. They perform better
in jobs that require significant interpersonal interaction
because they have more social skills- they usually have
more friends and spend more time in social situation
than introverts. Finally, extraversion is a relatively
strong predictor of leadership emergence in groups;
extraverts are more socially dominant.

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 People who score high on emotional stability are
happier than those who score low. Of the big five
traits, emotional stability is most strongly related to
life satisfaction, job satisfaction, and low stress
levels. This is probably true because high scorers
are more likely to be positive and optimistic in their
thinking and experience fewer negative emotions.
People low on emotional stability are hyper-
vigilant( looking for problems or impending signs of
danger )
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 Individuals who score high on openness to
experience are more creative in science and in art
than those who low. Creative is important to
leadership, and open people are more likely to be
effective leaders. In addition open individuals are
more comfortable with ambiguity and change
than those who score lower on this trait. As a
result, open people cope better with organizational
change and are more adaptable in changing
contexts.
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Major personality attributes influencing OB

 Locus of control
 Machiavellianism
 Narcissism
 Self-esteem
 Self-monitoring
 Type A & B personality
 Proactive personality

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Major personality attributes influencing OB
Conti...
 Locus of control – The degree to which people
believe they are masters of their own fate. Other
believe that what happens to them is due to luck or
chance. There are two types of locus of control, a.
Internals b. Externals
 Machiavellianism - The degree to which an
individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance,
and believes that ends can justify means.

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Major personality attributes influencing OB
Conti...
 Narcissism-The tendency to be arrogant, have a
grandiose sense of self importance, require excessive
admiration and have a sense of
entitlement( Excessive interest in or admiration of
oneself and one’s physical appearance)
 Self-esteem – The degree of Individual of liking or
disliking themselves.

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 Self-monitoring – A personality traits that
measures an individual’s ability to adjust
his/her behavior to external, situational
factors.
 Type A & B personality – Personality of
individual may type A and B

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Major personality attributes influencing
OB Conti...
 Type A personality
 are always moving , walking, and eating rapidly
 feel impatient with the rate at which most events
take place
 strive to think or do two more things at once
 can not cope with leisure time.

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Major personality attributes influencing
OB Conti...
 Type B personality
 never suffer from sense of time urgency with its
accompanying impatience
 feel no need to display or discuss either
achievements of accomplishments unless such
exposure is demanded by the situation.
 play for fun and relaxation rather than to exhibit
their superiority at any cost
 can relax without guilt

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Major personality attributes influencing OB
Conti...
 Proactive personality – People who identify
opportunities, show initiative, take action and
persevere until meaningful change occurs.

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What are Emotions?

 Emotion are the intense feelings that are directed at


someone or something.
 An emotion is a mental and physiological state
associated with a wide variety of feelings, thoughts,
and behaviours.
 Such as Happiness, Surprise, Fear, Sadness, Anger,
Disgust.

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Thank you for attending this session

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