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    Roman Jakobson

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    fatima zohra khelifi
    This document summarizes a presentation about Roman Jakobson and his theories of metaphor and metonymy. It discusses how Jakobson argued that poetry uses metaphor based on similarity, while prose uses metonymy based on contiguity. Examples are given from novels by J.M. Coetzee to illustrate metaphor and metonymy, such as references to domination in Disgrace functioning as metonymy. The presentation also discusses how Eagleton and Jakobson analyzed different literary styles' usage of these figurative language devices.

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    Roman Jakobson

    Uploaded by

    fatima zohra khelifi
    69 views9 pages
    This document summarizes a presentation about Roman Jakobson and his theories of metaphor and metonymy. It discusses how Jakobson argued that poetry uses metaphor based on similarity, while prose uses metonymy based on contiguity. Examples are given from novels by J.M. Coetzee to illustrate metaphor and metonymy, such as references to domination in Disgrace functioning as metonymy. The presentation also discusses how Eagleton and Jakobson analyzed different literary styles' usage of these figurative language devices.

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    Presentation on Roman Jakobson's metonymy and metaphor in J.M Coetzee works

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    This document summarizes a presentation about Roman Jakobson and his theories of metaphor and metonymy. It discusses how Jakobson argued that poetry uses metaphor based on similarity, while prose uses metonymy based on contiguity. Examples are given from novels by J.M. Coetzee to illustrate metaphor and metonymy, such as references to domination in Disgrace functioning as metonymy. The presentation also discusses how Eagleton and Jakobson analyzed different literary styles' usage of these figurative language devices.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    69 views9 pages

    Roman Jakobson

    Uploaded by

    fatima zohra khelifi
    This document summarizes a presentation about Roman Jakobson and his theories of metaphor and metonymy. It discusses how Jakobson argued that poetry uses metaphor based on similarity, while prose uses metonymy based on contiguity. Examples are given from novels by J.M. Coetzee to illustrate metaphor and metonymy, such as references to domination in Disgrace functioning as metonymy. The presentation also discusses how Eagleton and Jakobson analyzed different literary styles' usage of these figurative language devices.

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    Roman Jakobson

    University of Jordan
    Department of English language
    literature
    Summer course (2020): modern critics
    Instructor: Dr.Zaidoun EL Shara

    Presentation by
    F.Z KHELIFI

    11/08/2020
    Russian Formalism: overview

    It is a kind criticism that aims:

    - to explore what is specifically literary in texts


    - Reject the limp spirituality of late Romantic poetics in favour of a detailed
    and empirical approach to reading.
    - in other words, the formalists were much more interested in ‘method’,
    much more concerned to establish a ‘scientific’ basis for the theory of
    literature.

    Russian Formalists aimed rather to outline models and hypotheses (in a


    scientific spirit) to explain how aesthetic effects are produced by literary
    devices, and how the ‘literary’ distinguished from and related to the ‘extra-
    literary’
    Roman Osipovich Jakobson was a Russian–American linguist
    and literary theorist. As a pioneer of the structural analysis of
    language, which became the dominant trend in linguistics during
    the first half of the 20th century, Jakobson was among the most
    influential linguists of the century.
    Metaphor is what happens when one sign is placed as the substitute for
    another sign because they are seen as somehow similar to one another. For
    example, colour red and shy or anger: we might use the metaphoric value of
    colour red to describe how shy /anger someone else is.

    Metonymy is what happens when one sign is placed as the substitution for
    another sign because they are associated with one another. For example, “The
    pen is mightier than the sword.” (Pen refers to written words, and sword to
    military force.)
    In his 1956 essay, Two Aspects of Language and-Two Types of Aphasic Disturbances,

    Jakobson argues that poetry is metaphoric, in that, it focuses on signs and on the

    principle of similarity, while prose is metonymic, as it focuses on the referent and is

    based on contiguity Jakobson notes that in literary Romanticism and Symbolism,

    metaphor has been widely used, while metonymy has been predominant in Realism.

    -Terry Eagleton gives the example of different literary styles that make use of each of

    these kinds of figurative language. While realist prose writing might use more

    metonymy by connecting signs that are associated with one another, something like

    Romantic poetry would be much more highly metaphorical.


    Examples from Cootzee’s Disgrace and Waiting for the
    Barbarians

    Metonymy in Disgrace
    Sex as metonymy for domination of blacks in case of Lucy’s rape as it refers
    to the shame and humiliation in case of David and Melanie relationship.

    Metaphor in disgrace
    “In Soraya's arms he becomes, fleetingly, their father: foster-father, step-
    father, shadow-father”

    “Glances that would once have responded to his slid over, past, through him.
    Overnight he became a ghost”
    Metonymy in WB

    Colonel Joll's black glasses


    “Two little discs of glass suspended in front of his eyes in loops of wire”

    "His tapering fingernails, his mauve handkerchiefs, his slender feet in soft shoes...“

    Metaphor in WB

    -The barbarian girl’s scarsand her broken ankles as crippling of her people:
    The crippling of the barbarian girl represents the crippling of her people.

    - The barbarian girl metaphorically represents “the conquered land”.


    References
    Eagleton, Terry. "Chapter 3, Structuralism and Semiotics." Literary Theory: An
    Introduction. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2008. 79-109.
    Jakobson, “Roman. From Linguistics and Poetics”.Norton Anthology of Theory &
    Criticism (1st Edition). Eds. Vincent B. Leitch, et. al. New York: W.W. Norton & Co,
    2001. 1258-1265.
    Thank You for your
    Attention

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