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Basic Concepts

This document provides an introduction to database management systems (DBMS). It defines a database as a collection of related data designed to be shared by multiple users. A DBMS is software that manages data in a database, including updating and retrieving data. The document outlines some key advantages of the database approach over traditional file processing systems, such as reduced data redundancy, improved data integrity and security, and independence of data from applications. However, it also notes some disadvantages of DBMS, such as additional processing overhead and complexity of backup/recovery operations.

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32 views

Basic Concepts

This document provides an introduction to database management systems (DBMS). It defines a database as a collection of related data designed to be shared by multiple users. A DBMS is software that manages data in a database, including updating and retrieving data. The document outlines some key advantages of the database approach over traditional file processing systems, such as reduced data redundancy, improved data integrity and security, and independence of data from applications. However, it also notes some disadvantages of DBMS, such as additional processing overhead and complexity of backup/recovery operations.

Uploaded by

useless0151
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATABASE MANAGEMENT

SYSTEMS
CAP410
Unit1 Topics
• Introduction – Database, DBMS
• Purpose of Database System
• Data Models
• Database Languages
• Transaction Management
• Storage Management
• DBA
• Database Users
• System Structure
• E-R Model
Introduction
Database – Definition
• A database is a collection of related data stored in a standard format,
designed to be shared by several users.
• A database is defined as a by one or collection of interrelated data
items that can be processed more application programs.
• A database as a collection of persistent data that is used by the
application systems of some given enterprise.
• Example: A Bank, a Hospital, a University, a Manufacturing company,
etc.
• It can be used by several users for different reasons.
– obtain the database content by merging data
– user can remove or minimize the redundant data
– different ways of cross-referencing the data
– user can reorganize and retrieve the data in different ways
– data managed by a database can be used in its files in order to make sum-
ups, calculations, and other reports
Introduction
DBMS - Definition
• A software package used for managing data in a
database is referred to as database management system
(DBMS).
• DBMS as a combination of hardware and software
which creates and monitors a database and handles the
operations such as updating and retrieval of database
stored in it.
• Some database management systems that are available
commercially are
– INGRES,
– ORACLE and
– Sybase.
Database Basics
Data
• Data is the raw material from which useful information is derived.
• Example: Weights, prices, costs, number of items sold, etc.

Information
• Information is the data that has been processed in such a way that it
can increase the knowledge of the person who uses it.

Data Processing
• The process of converting facts into meaningful information is known
as data processing.

Metadata
• Data that describe the properties or characteristics of other data is
known as metadata.
Characteristics of Database Approach
• File System Approach
The data will simply be
dumped into one or more files.
For any updation, the files need to be
opened and manually search for the
line or record, update and then
save the file.

• Database Approach
The DBMS provides the necessary
control and manipulation software
modules for these application
programs to access the data
stored in the database.
Drawbacks of File Processing System
• The traditional file-oriented approach consists of having
some drawbacks which are discussed below:
– Program-data Independence:
– In file processing, if changes are done in the structure of the file,
then we may require changing the program design that accesses
it.
– Catalogue:
– In file processing, the data definition is part of the application
program.
– Views:
– A database may have several users and each one may be
interested in a particular view of the application. But can't in file
like that.
– Sharing and Transaction Processing:
– concurrent transaction processing
Advantages and Disadvantages of DBMS
• The following are the major advantages of using a Database Management
System(DBMS):
– Reduction of Redundancies: Centralised control of data by the DBA avoids
unnecessary duplication of data.
– Data Independence and Efficient Access: Database application programs are
independent of the details of auto representation and storage.
– Data Integrity: Centralised control can also ensure that adequate checks are
included in the DBMS to provide data integrity.
– Data Security: Centralised control can also ensure that adequate checks are
included in the DBMS to provide data integrity.
– Reduced Application Development Time: DBMS provides several important
functions required by applications, only application-specific code needs to be
written
– Conflict Resolution: with DBA, it resolves the conflicting requirements of various
users and applications
– Data Administration: DBMS facilitates maintenance and data administration
tasks
– Concurrent Access and Crash Recovery: DBMS facilitates maintenance and data
administration tasks
Disadvantages of DBMS
• Overhead cost, the processing overhead introduced by
the DBMS to implement security, integrity, and sharing of
the data causes a degradation of the response and
throughput times.
• An additional cost is that of migration from a traditionally
separate application environment to an integrated one.
• Even though centralization reduces duplication, the lack
of duplication requires that the sufficient backup of the
database so that in the case of failure the data can be
recovered.
• Backup and recovery operations are complex in a DBMS
environment, and this is an increment in a concurrent
multi-user database system.

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