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    Chapter 1 PsI

    Uploaded by

    Tesfahun Lukas
    The document discusses symmetrical components analysis, which transforms an unbalanced three-phase system into three balanced phasors known as positive, negative, and zero sequence components. Symmetrical components allow faults to be analyzed by representing fault currents as the sum of the symmetrical components. Faults can be symmetrical, involving all three phases simultaneously, or unsymmetrical, involving only some phases. Sequence impedances are used to model generators and analyze faults such as a single line-to-ground fault.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chapter 1 PsI

    Uploaded by

    Tesfahun Lukas
    20 views29 pages
    The document discusses symmetrical components analysis, which transforms an unbalanced three-phase system into three balanced phasors known as positive, negative, and zero sequence components. Symmetrical components allow faults to be analyzed by representing fault currents as the sum of the symmetrical components. Faults can be symmetrical, involving all three phases simultaneously, or unsymmetrical, involving only some phases. Sequence impedances are used to model generators and analyze faults such as a single line-to-ground fault.

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    The document discusses symmetrical components analysis, which transforms an unbalanced three-phase system into three balanced phasors known as positive, negative, and zero sequence components. Symmetrical components allow faults to be analyzed by representing fault currents as the sum of the symmetrical components. Faults can be symmetrical, involving all three phases simultaneously, or unsymmetrical, involving only some phases. Sequence impedances are used to model generators and analyze faults such as a single line-to-ground fault.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    20 views29 pages

    Chapter 1 PsI

    Uploaded by

    Tesfahun Lukas
    The document discusses symmetrical components analysis, which transforms an unbalanced three-phase system into three balanced phasors known as positive, negative, and zero sequence components. Symmetrical components allow faults to be analyzed by representing fault currents as the sum of the symmetrical components. Faults can be symmetrical, involving all three phases simultaneously, or unsymmetrical, involving only some phases. Sequence impedances are used to model generators and analyze faults such as a single line-to-ground fault.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 29

    Chapter one

    Symmetrical Components

    Symmetrical Component Phasors


    The unbalanced three phase system can be
    transformed into three balanced phasors.
     Negative Sequence
     Positive Sequence
     Zero Sequence

    1
    2
    3
    Positive Phase Sequence (ABC)
    Va Vb Vc

    1.0

    0.5
    Magnitude

    0.0
    0.000 0.017 0.033 0.050

    -0.5

    -1.0
    Time

    4
    Positive Phase Sequence

    • The positive sequence quantities have a-b-c,


    counter clock-wise, phase rotation

    Vc1

    Va1
    Vb1
    5
    Reverse Phase Sequence (ACB)

    Va Vb Vc

    1.0

    0.5
    Magnitude

    0.0
    0.000 0.017 0.033 0.050

    -0.5

    -1.0
    Time

    6
    Negative Phase Sequence

    • Each have the same magnitude.


    • Each negative sequence voltage or current
    quantity is displaced 120° from one another
    Vb2

    Va2
    Vc2
    7
    Con…
    • The negative sequence quantities have a-c-b,
    counter clock-wise, phase rotation

    Vb2

    Va2
    Vc2
    8
    Zero Phase Sequence

    Va Vb Vc

    1.0

    0.5
    Magnitude

    0.0
    0.000 0.017 0.033 0.050

    -0.5

    -1.0
    Time

    9
    Zero Phase Sequence

     Each zero sequence


    quantity has the same Vc0
    magnitude.
     All three phasors with Vb0
    no angular displacement Va0
    between them, all in
    phase.

    10
    Symmetrical Components Equations

    Each phase quantity is equal to the sum of its


    symmetrical phasors.
    Va = Va0 + Va1 +Va2
    Vb = Vb0 + Vb1 +Vb2
    Vc = Vc0 + Vc1 +Vc2
    The common form of the equations are written
    in a-phase terms.
    11
    B-Phase Zero Sequence

    • We
      replace the Vb sequence
    terms by Va sequence terms
    shifted by the a operator. Vc0

    Vb0
    • =
    Va0

    12
    B-Phase Positive Sequence

    • We replace the Vb sequence


    terms by Va sequence terms Vc1
    shifted by the a operator
    Vb1 = a2Va1 Va1
    Vb1

    13
    B-Phase Negative Sequence

    • We replace the Vb sequence


    terms by Va sequence terms Vb2
    shifted by the a operator
    Vb2 = aVa2
    Va2
    Vc2

    14
    C-Phase Positive Sequence

    • We replace the Vc sequence terms by Va


    sequence terms shifted by the a operator
    Vc1 = aVa1

    15
    Con…
    Va = Va0 + Va1 + Va2

    Vb = Va0 + a2Va1 + aVa2

    Vc = Va0 + aVa1 + a2Va2

    16
    Symmetrical Components Analysis Equations

    Va0 = 1/3 ( Va + Vb + Vc)

    Va1= 1/3 (Va + aVb + a2Vc)

    Va2= 1/3 (Va + a2Vb + aVc)

    17
    18
    Solution:

    19
    20
    Faults in a power system

     Faults in power system can be divided in to two:


    •   Symmetrical faults
    Unsymmetrical faults
     Symmetrical faults: the fault which gives rise to symmetrical fault currents(i.e
    equal faults currents with displacement ) is called a symmetrical fault.
     Example: when all the three conductors of a 3-phase line are brought together
    simultaneously into a short circuit conditions.
     Unsymmetrical faults: those faults which give rise to unsymmetrical currents(i.e.
    unequal line currents with unequal displacement) are called unsymmetrical faults.
     Single line –to-ground fault
     Line-line fault
     Double line-to-ground fault

    21
    22
    Power system faults

    23
    24
    Sequence Impedances of loaded Generator

     Asynchronous machine generates balanced three‐phase


    internal voltages and is represented as a positive‐
    sequence set of phasors.
    25
    Sequence Impedances of a Loaded Generator

     Can be represent by the three phase equivalent sequence


    network

     The grounding impedance is reflected in the zero sequence


    network as 3Zn

    26
    Single Line‐To‐Ground Fault

    • Three‐phase generator with neutral grounded through


    impedance Zn and SLGF occurs at phase at through
    impedance Zf.

     Assuming the generator is initially on no‐load.

    27
    • The boundary conditions at the fault point are:

    28
    29

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