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    Wi-Fi Technology: Guided By: Jenela Prajapati Presented by

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    Nikhilesh Khatra
    This document provides an overview of Wi-Fi technology, including the IEEE 802.11 standards, Wi-Fi protocols, channels, network elements, topologies, security threats and techniques. It describes how Wi-Fi networks transmit data wirelessly using radio technologies, the differences between 802.11b, 802.11a and 802.11g protocols, and how a basic Wi-Fi network is set up with an access point connecting wireless devices to the internet. It also covers Wi-Fi security issues like eavesdropping and denial of service attacks, and techniques to authenticate users and enhance privacy like WEP, WPA, and 802.11i.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Wi-Fi Technology: Guided By: Jenela Prajapati Presented by

    Uploaded by

    Nikhilesh Khatra
    79 views27 pages
    This document provides an overview of Wi-Fi technology, including the IEEE 802.11 standards, Wi-Fi protocols, channels, network elements, topologies, security threats and techniques. It describes how Wi-Fi networks transmit data wirelessly using radio technologies, the differences between 802.11b, 802.11a and 802.11g protocols, and how a basic Wi-Fi network is set up with an access point connecting wireless devices to the internet. It also covers Wi-Fi security issues like eavesdropping and denial of service attacks, and techniques to authenticate users and enhance privacy like WEP, WPA, and 802.11i.

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    WiFi Technology_final

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    This document provides an overview of Wi-Fi technology, including the IEEE 802.11 standards, Wi-Fi protocols, channels, network elements, topologies, security threats and techniques. It describes how Wi-Fi networks transmit data wirelessly using radio technologies, the differences between 802.11b, 802.11a and 802.11g protocols, and how a basic Wi-Fi network is set up with an access point connecting wireless devices to the internet. It also covers Wi-Fi security issues like eavesdropping and denial of service attacks, and techniques to authenticate users and enhance privacy like WEP, WPA, and 802.11i.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    79 views27 pages

    Wi-Fi Technology: Guided By: Jenela Prajapati Presented by

    Uploaded by

    Nikhilesh Khatra
    This document provides an overview of Wi-Fi technology, including the IEEE 802.11 standards, Wi-Fi protocols, channels, network elements, topologies, security threats and techniques. It describes how Wi-Fi networks transmit data wirelessly using radio technologies, the differences between 802.11b, 802.11a and 802.11g protocols, and how a basic Wi-Fi network is set up with an access point connecting wireless devices to the internet. It also covers Wi-Fi security issues like eavesdropping and denial of service attacks, and techniques to authenticate users and enhance privacy like WEP, WPA, and 802.11i.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 27

    Wi-Fi Technology

    • Guided by:
    Jenela Prajapati

    • Presented by:
    (08bec039)
    Nikhlesh khatra
    Topics to be covered
     Introduction
     Wi-Fi Technologies
     Wi-Fi Protocols
     Wi-Fi Channel
     Wi-Fi Network Elements
     How a Wi-Fi Network Works
     Wi-Fi Network Topologies
     Wi-Fi Security Threats
     Wi-Fi Security Techniques
     Advantages/ Disadvantages of Wi-Fi
    Introduction
    • Wi-Fi(Wireless Fidelity) is a generic term
    that refers to the IEEE 802.11
    communications standard for Wireless
    Local Area Networks (WLANs).
     Wi-Fi is the wireless way to handle
    networking.
     Wi-Fi Network can connect computers to
    each other, to the internet and to the
    wired network.
    The Wi-Fi Technology
    • Wi-Fi Networks use Radio Technologies to
    transmit & receive data at high speed:
    • Wi-Fi protocols:
    There are several new extensions have
    been added to the core 802.11 protocols.

    • IEEE 802.11b
    • IEEE 802.11a
    • IEEE 802.11g
    IEEE 802.11b

     Appear in late 1999


     Operates at 2.4GHz radio spectrum
     11 Mbps (theoretical speed) - within 30 m
    Range
     4-6 Mbps (actual speed)
     100 -150 feet range
     Most popular, Least Expensive
     Interference from mobile phones and
    Bluetooth devices which can reduce the
    transmission speed.
    IEEE 802.11a
     Introduced in 2001
     Operates at 5 GHz (less popular)
     54 Mbps (theoretical speed)
     15-20 Mbps (Actual speed)
     50-75 feet range
     More expensive
     Not compatible with 802.11b
    IEEE 802.11g

     Introduced in 2003
     Combine the feature of both standards (a,b)
     100-150 feet range
     54 Mbps Speed
     2.4 GHz radio frequencies
     Compatible with ‘b’
    Comparison

    802.11 802.11a 802.11b 802.11g


    Frequency 2.4 GHz 5 GHZ 2.4 GHZ 2.4 GHz

    Data Rate 1,2 5,9,12,18, 1,2,5.5,1 6,9,12,15,


    Mbps 24,36,48,5 1 Mbps 24,36,48,5
    4 Mbps 4 Mbps

    Modulation FHSS, OFDM DSSS OFDM


    DSSS
    CHANNELS

     Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)


     Frequency Hoping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
     Orthogonal Frequency Division
    Multiplexing(OFDM)
    DSSS Channels
     Direct sequence signaling technique divides the 2.4 GHz
    band into 11 22-MHz channels. Adjacent channels overlap
    one another partially, with three of the 11 being completely
    non-overlapping. Data is sent across one of these 22 MHz
    channels without hopping to other channels.
    OFDM Channels
    • Each of three UNII bands(lower ,upper &
    middle) provides 4 chennels for
    communication in 802.11a network.
    • Chennels are separated with no overlapping.
    • Each channel is 20MHz wide surrounding the
    center frequency.
    FHSS
    • FHSS system hop from frequency to
    frequency using a pseudorandom hopping
    sequence.
    • This hopping sequence or pattern is defined
    as the channel.
     THREE IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
    • Data Rate
    • Actual Throughput
    • Dynamic Rate Selection
    Elements of a WI-FI Network
     Access Point (AP) - The AP is a wireless LAN
    transceiver or “base station” that can connect one or many
    wireless devices simultaneously to the Internet.

     Wi-Fi cards - They accept the wireless signal and relay


    information.They can be internal and external.(e.g PCMCIA
    Card for Laptop and PCI Card for Desktop PC)

     Safeguards - Firewalls and anti-virus software protect


    networks from uninvited users and keep information secure.
    How a Wi-Fi Network Works
     Basic concept is same as Walkie talkies.
     A Wi-Fi hotspot is created by installing an access
    point to an internet connection.
     An access point acts as a base station.
     When Wi-Fi enabled device encounters a hotspot the
    device can then connect to that network wirelessly.
     A single access point can support up to 30 users and
    can function within a range of 100 – 150 feet indoors
    and up to 300 feet outdoors.
     Many access points can be connected to each other
    via Ethernet cables to create a single large network.
    Operational modes
    • Wireless network can function in one of two
    basic modes:
    1) Ad-hoc
    2) Infrastructure
    Wi-Fi Security Threats
     Wireless technology doesn’t remove any old
    security issues, but introduces new ones
    • Eavesdropping
    • Man-in-the-middle attacks
    • Denial of Service
    Eavesdropping
     Easy to perform, almost impossible to detect
     By default, everything is transmitted in clear
    text
    • Usernames, passwords, content ...
    • No security offered by the transmission medium
     Different tools available on the internet
    • Network sniffers, protocol analysers . . .
    • Password collectors
     With the right equipment, it’s possible to
    eavesdrop traffic from few kilometers away.
    MITM Attack
    1. Attacker spoofes a
    disassociate message
    from the victim
    2. The victim starts to
    look for a new access
    point, and the
    attacker advertises his
    own AP on a different
    channel, using the
    real AP’s MAC address
    3. The attacker connects
    to the real AP using
    victim’s MAC address
    Denial of Service
     Attack on transmission frequecy used
    • Frequency jamming
    • Not very technical, but works
     Attack on MAC layer
    • Spoofed deauthentication / disassociation messages
    • can target one specific user
    Wi-Fi Security
    The requirements for Wi-Fi network security
    can be broken down into two primary
    components:
     Authentication
     User Authentication
     Server Authentication
     Privacy
    Wi-Fi Security Techniques
    • Service Set Identifier Hiding(SSID)

    • Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)

    • 802.1X Access Control

    • Wireless Protected Access (WPA)

    • IEEE 802.11i
    Advantages
     Mobility
     Easy Installation
     Flexibility
     Cost
     Reliability
     Use unlicensed part of the radio spectrum
     Speed
    Limitations
     Interference
     High power consumption
     Limited range
     Security

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