Construction of Roads Part1

Construction of WBM Road
Material used in WBM Construction

consist of
1) Coarse Aggregate
2) Screenings
3) Binding Material
Construction procedure of WBM Road
1) Preparation of foundation of WBM Road
2) Provision of lateral confinement
3) Spreading of Coarse Aggregate( C.A.)
4) Rolling
5) Application of Screening
6) Sprinkling and Grouting
7) Application of binding Material
8) Setting and drying
9) Opening to traffic
Assignment 2 Questions
• 1) state the precautions in rolling WBM
surface.
• 2) State the Merits and Demerits of WBM
Roads.
Bituminous Roads
The Bituminous roads
are those roads in
which the surface of
low cost roads such as
gravel or WBM roads
are treated with some
bituminous material
such as bitumen, coal
Tar or Asphalt.
These roads are
called as black top
roads.
Bituminous Road Construction
• Types and Method of bituminous pavement
Construction
1) Interface Treatment like prime coat and tack coat
2) Surface dressing and seal coat
3) Grouted or penetration type constructions
a) Penetration Macadam
b) Built up spray Grout
4) Premix which may be of the following
c) Bituminous bound macadam
d) Carpet
e) Bituminous Concrete
f) Sheet Asphalt or rolled Asphalt
g) Mastic Asphalt
In the Above methods , The Bituminous binders

are used as bitumen road tar, cut-back or
emulsion. The Choice of particular binder depends
upon the type of construction, availability of
material , equipment and climatic Condition.
Prime Coat
• A single coat of low viscosity bituminous binder
applied to an existing untreated base of pervious
nature like WBM in order to promote adhesion,
between the base & the bituminous surface is
called prime coat. The bituminous primer is sprayed
uniformly using mechanical Sprayer.
Functions:
1) To improve adhesion between the existing pervious
base & wearing surface.
2) It binds the loose particles to form a hard & tough
road surface.
3) To plug the capillary voids of the porous surface.
Tack Coat
• Bituminous tack coat is the application of
bituminous material over an existing pavement
surface which is relatively impervious like an
existing bituminous surface or a cement concrete
pavement or a pervious surface like WBM which
has already been treated by a prime coat.
• Tack coat is usually applied by spraying bituminous
material of higher viscosity like the hot bitumen.
Function:
• To provide adequate interface bond between the
receiving pavement surface and the new
bituminous layer being overlaid.
Seal Coat
• Seal coat is defined as a very thin surface treatment
which is applied as a final coat in the construction of
certain bituminous wearing surface or over an existing
bituminous pavement which has been worn out.
Functions:
1) IT develops skid resistance texture for existing road
which are very smooth & slippery.
2) It improve the visibility at night.
3) IT improve the wear resistance of an existing dry or
weathered road surface.
4) A seal to the road surface against the entry of water or
moisture.
Bitumen
• Bitumen is obtained by partial
distillation of crude petroleum
either by naturally or artificially
in refineries. The bitumen is a
by product of the frictional
distillation of crude petroleum.
• Bitumen is a hydrocarbon-
ceous material of natural or
pyrogeneous origin which is
completely soluble in carbon
disulphide(CS2).
• It occurs in gaseous, semi solid,
solid or liquid state.
Uses of bitumen:
1 ) It is extensively used for constructing
different bituminous road pavement.
2) It is used as a stabilizer for constructing
stabilized earth road.
Types of bituminous materials

1)Asphalt
2)Tar
3)Cut-back
4)Emulsion
Properties of Bitumen
• Desirable properties of bitumen are as follows.
1) The Viscosity of bitumen at time of mixing with aggregate

and compaction of the pre-mix should be adequate.
2) It should become sufficiently viscous on cooling that the
compacted bituminous pavement layer can gain stability
and resist deformation under traffic loads.
3) The bitumen used in the bituminous mixes should form thin
films around the aggregate to serve as a satisfactory binder
in improving the physical interlocking of the aggregate.
4) It should not be highly temperature susceptible.
5) It should have sufficient adhesion with the aggregate in the
mix in presence of water.
Test on bitumen
• Following are the different test on bitumen.
1) Penetration Test
2) Viscosity Test
3) Ductility Test
4) Softening point test
5) Specific gravity Test
6) Flash and Fire Point Test
7) Loss on heating Test
8) Solubility Test
Tar
• The viscous liquid obtained when natural organic
materials such as wood and coal, carbonized or
destructively distilled in the absence of air is called Tar.
• Based on the material from which Tar is derived , it is
referred as wood Tar or Coal Tar.
• There are five grades of roads Tars viz. RT-1,RT-2,RT-3,RT-
4 & RT-5 based on their viscosity and other properties.
RT-1 It has lowest viscosity and used for surface painting under
exceptionally cold weather.
RT-2 It is recommended for standard surface painting under normal climate
condition.
RT-3 Used for surface painting , renewal coats & premixing chips for top
course and light carpets.
RT-4 Generally used for premixing Tar macadam in base course.
RT-5 Adopted for grouting purpose which has the highest viscosity.
Asphalt
Definition: “A material or mechanical mixture in
which bitumen is associated with inert mineral
matter” is known as Asphalt.
Types of Asphalt
1) Natural Asphalt: Asphalt when found as a
natural deposit, it is known as natural
asphalt. Natural asphalt may be either lake
asphalt or rock asphalt.
2) Residual or petroleum asphalt: When asphalt
is prepared by distillation of crude petroleum
in a refinery process then it is called residual
or petroleum asphalt.
Cutback
• Definition: Cutback is defined as the bitumen
the viscosity of which has been reduced by a
volatile solvent.
• Cutbacks contains nearly 80% bituminous
material and 20% solvent.
• Cutback are available in 3 types.
1) Rapid Curing(RC)
2) Medium Curing(MC)
3) Slow Curing (SC)
Emulsion
• Definition: A liquid product obtained by
Vigorously stirring up a mixture of two
unmixeble liquid is known as emulsion.
• The bituminous emulsion contains 58 to 65% by
weight of bituminous material.
• This can be used at normal Temperature
without heating and suitable for damp surface.

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Construction of Roads Part1

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Construction of WBM Road

Material used in WBM Construction

In the Above methods , The Bituminous binders

Types of bituminous materials

1) The Viscosity of bitumen at time of mixing with aggregate

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