Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
37 views

LectureFME16Materials Science and EngineeringModule3

This document provides an overview of different material testing methods including tensile testing, impact testing, and hardness testing. Tensile testing is performed on a universal testing machine to determine properties like ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and ductility. Impact testing evaluates the material's ability to resist high rates of loading. Hardness testing uses indentation methods like Brinell, Rockwell, and Vickers to measure a material's resistance to plastic deformation. Understanding a material's mechanical properties through testing is important for quality control and ensuring safe design and usage of materials.

Uploaded by

Cllyan Reyes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
37 views

LectureFME16Materials Science and EngineeringModule3

This document provides an overview of different material testing methods including tensile testing, impact testing, and hardness testing. Tensile testing is performed on a universal testing machine to determine properties like ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and ductility. Impact testing evaluates the material's ability to resist high rates of loading. Hardness testing uses indentation methods like Brinell, Rockwell, and Vickers to measure a material's resistance to plastic deformation. Understanding a material's mechanical properties through testing is important for quality control and ensuring safe design and usage of materials.

Uploaded by

Cllyan Reyes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 29

Materials

Science and
Engineering

M AT E R I A L T E S T I N G

P R E S E N T E D B Y: E N G R . M A R I C E L M . M AT U T O
Content
Introduction
Tensile testing
Impact testing
Hardness testing
Why material testing is required?
• To test mechanical properties like UTS, YS, % elongation, which
is used as a design input
• Make informed choices in using raw materials
• To check properties of material after heat treatment
• To check material property after welding/brazing etc
• Ensure batch and production quality
• As part of maintenance and to prevent failure in usage
Note: Factor of safety is the ration comparing the actual stress on a
material and the safe useable stress.
Tw o t y p e s o f m a t e r i a l t e s t i n g
Destructive Testing/Mechanical Test
• The material may be physically tested to destruction or
indentation
• To measure the strength, hardness, toughness, et
• Ex. Tensile testing, impact testing, hardness testing
Tw o t y p e s o f m a t e r i a l t e s t i n g
Non-Destructive Testing(NDT)
• Samples or finished articles are tested before being used
and as routine maintenance check
• Example Magnetic Particles, Ultrasonic Testing,
Penetrant Testing and Radiographic Testing
Te n s i l e Te s t i n g

• Is done on a Universal Testing Machine (UTM)


• Variables such as strain, stress, elasticity, tensile strength. Ductility
and shear strength are measured and computed
• The load vs elongation is plotted and studied
• Test specimen can be round or flat
• Standard for Tensile testing : ASTM A370
Properties Determined by tensile testing

• Strength
• Ductility
• Elasticity
• Stiffness
• Malleability
• Modulus of toughness
• Modulus of resilience
U n i v e r s a l Te s t i n g M a c h i n e

• A machine which applies a tensile force to the specimen, and then


measures that force and also the elongation
• This machine usually uses a hydraulic cylinder to create the force. The
applied force is determined by system pressure, which can be accurately
measured
Tensile testing at room temperature
Tensile testing at elevated temperature
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D8U4G5kcpcM
Tensile Test Result
• Cup and cone fracture signifies a ductile material
• A shear fracture indicates a brittle material
Dimples
Stress strain diagram of steel
YOUNGS Modulus (E)
YOUNGS Modulus (E)

Ultimate tensile strength Maximum Load


Initial Cross-section Area of
Specimen

Yield Strength Yield Point


Load
Initial Cross-section Area of
Specimen
H a r d n e s s Te s t i n g
Standard: Brinell: ASTM E10; Rockwell ASTM E18: Vickers: ASTM384; Shore: ASTM E2240)

Hardness measurement is also used to check response to heat treatment


of a particular materials
Types of hardness Measurement
• Scratch Hardness :uses Mohs Scale
• Indentation Hardness
• Brinell/Rockwell/Vickers: for metal
• Shore : for rubber, polymers
• Rebound Hardness: Uses Scleroscope
Brinell Hardness testing Machine

-Introduced by Johan August Brinell in


1900.
- Uses steel ball or tungsten carbide ball.
- -Load range of 500-3000kg
- Cannot be used for thin materials
Brinell Hardness number
Brinell Hardness number (BHN)
Ex. 1. 75 HB 10/500/3
Where: Sr. Specimen Ball Dia of indentation d (mm) Mean Load BHN
No. Dia. Dia d (Kg)
75 = hardness value (mm) (mm)
d1 d2 d3
H = Hardness
B = Brinell 1
10 = diameter
2
500 force
3 = time 3

https://youtu.be/RJXJpeH78iU
Rockwell Hardness testing Machine

-Introduced by S.P. Rockwell in 1919


-Rockwell B (ball) used for soft materials
(steel head)
- Rockwell C (cone) uses diamond cone
for hard materials
- Apply load for 10-20 seconds

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2JGNlIvNC4
Rockwell Hardness testing Machine
Rockwell Hardness testing Machine
h
Rockwell Hardness = 130 -
0.002mm

Sr. Specimen Minor load Major + Minor Difference h =


No. depth Load depth h2 h2-h1 (mm)
h1(mm) (mm)
1
2
3
Vickers Hardness testing Machine

- Developed in 1921 by Robert L. Smith


and George E. Sandland
- Use in small samples
- Uses square shaped pyramid indenter
- Usually used on very hard materials and
for surface hardness measurement
- Load of 1-120kg, applied for between 10-
15 seconds
Vickers Hardness testing Machine

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Z90OZ7C2jI
Difference between Brinell, Rockwell
and Vickers hardness testing machine
Vickers Hardness number (VHN)

SR. no. Specimen Load (kg) Diagonal length Diagonal Length Average Length
L1 (mm) L2 (mm) (mm)

1
2
3
Compression testing

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFOf4WwBH60

You might also like