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    of Dairy

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    Pradip Ghimire
    This document discusses maintaining milk quality in temperate versus tropical environments. It analyzes milk production globally and the effects of temperature and climate on production. Specifically, it compares dairy production in developed temperate countries to tropical Nepal. Milk quality is easier to maintain in temperate areas, while tropical conditions like heat stress reduce yields. Local tropical breeds are heat-adapted but produce less milk than imported temperate breeds. The document also outlines objectives, materials and methods, results on global trends, regional production differences, and factors affecting Nepali production.

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    of Dairy

    Uploaded by

    Pradip Ghimire
    53 views13 pages
    This document discusses maintaining milk quality in temperate versus tropical environments. It analyzes milk production globally and the effects of temperature and climate on production. Specifically, it compares dairy production in developed temperate countries to tropical Nepal. Milk quality is easier to maintain in temperate areas, while tropical conditions like heat stress reduce yields. Local tropical breeds are heat-adapted but produce less milk than imported temperate breeds. The document also outlines objectives, materials and methods, results on global trends, regional production differences, and factors affecting Nepali production.

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    This document discusses maintaining milk quality in temperate versus tropical environments. It analyzes milk production globally and the effects of temperature and climate on production. Specifically, it compares dairy production in developed temperate countries to tropical Nepal. Milk quality is easier to maintain in temperate areas, while tropical conditions like heat stress reduce yields. Local tropical breeds are heat-adapted but produce less milk than imported temperate breeds. The document also outlines objectives, materials and methods, results on global trends, regional production differences, and factors affecting Nepali production.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    53 views13 pages

    of Dairy

    Uploaded by

    Pradip Ghimire
    This document discusses maintaining milk quality in temperate versus tropical environments. It analyzes milk production globally and the effects of temperature and climate on production. Specifically, it compares dairy production in developed temperate countries to tropical Nepal. Milk quality is easier to maintain in temperate areas, while tropical conditions like heat stress reduce yields. Local tropical breeds are heat-adapted but produce less milk than imported temperate breeds. The document also outlines objectives, materials and methods, results on global trends, regional production differences, and factors affecting Nepali production.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    An Assignment for maintain the quality of milk

    products temperate environment of dairy dveloped


    countries and compare with tropical enviotnment in
    Nepal.

    Submitted to
    Submitted by
    Dr. Bimal Karna
    Pradip Ghimire
    Administrative Dean
    R-2019-LPM-01M
    Associate Professor
    Department of Livestock
    Production and Management Department of Livestock Production and
    Management
    IAAS, TU
    IAAS, TU
    INTRODUCTION
     Milk is a complex biological fluid and by its nature, a good growth medium for many microorganisms.

     Milk contains several groups of nutrients, like carbohydrate, protein, fat and also trace minerals

     Climate change will have direct effects on livestock performance and welfare, mainly through increases in temperature
    and the frequency of extreme weather events, and will also affect animals indirectly through changes in the availability
    of fodder and pasture and the distribution of pests and parasites

     Dairy breeds of the tropics and sub-tropics are slow maturing and low milk producers.

     Although, Holstein is imported with the idea to improve the national milk production but their performance in the
    tropical and subtropical environment is considerably low compared to the temperate environment

     Local breeds of tropics and subtropics are well adapted to the prevailing environmental stresses but have very low milk
    production, whereas, on the other hand, the specialized temperate dairy breeds, despite of having their high genetic
    potential for high milk yield in the intensive systems in which they were selected, cannot survive the harsh tropical
    conditions, to the point of risk of their survival.
    Contd…

    OBJECTIVES

     Broad objective
     To study the milk and milk product globally.
     Specific objective
     To study the milk production in developed and developing countries.
     To study the effect of temperature and climate in milk and milk product in developed
    and developing countries.
     To study the milk production in Nepal.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS

    The paper was reviewed from various scientific journals related under the topic.

    Various secondary journals were studied. Data relevant to title were observed

    from secondary sources.


    RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

    Global trend of milk production

     
    World milk production, 1961–2009 (million tonnes)
    Source: FAOSTAT, 2011.
    Milk production in developing country regions, 1961–2009
    Source: FAOSTAT, 2011.
    Per capita energy intake from dairy products* in developed countries, 1961–
    2007 (kcal/year)

    *Milk, cheese and butter

    Source FAOSTAT 2011


    Cheese production (tonnes), 2011
    Source: FAOSTAT 2011
    Effect of Temperature in the milk production
     Milk yield of cows outdoors was lower at the extremes of Temperature Humidity Index (THI) than at average
    values. (Hill and wall, 2014)

     Summer heat stress significantly decreased milk yield and milk fat and protein contents in lactating dairy
    cows managed under Mediterranean climatic conditions. (Bouraoui et al., 2002)

     Milk yield in dairy cows, Bos taurus, is traditionally said to begin declining at around 72 temperature
    humidity index units based on work carried out in subtropical regions (Ravagnolo et al., 2000).
     An animal’s thermal tolerance is also affected by solar radiation and the velocity of ambient air (Dikmen and
    Hansen, 2009)
    Factors affecting milk production in Nepal

     Amount of Green Fodder


     Amount of Dry Fodder
     Amount of Concentrate Fed
     Hygenic environment
     Control of ecto parasites
    Milk products and their nutritional value

    Composition of milk products (per 100 g of product)


    SOURCE: FAOSTAT 2012
    Summary and conclusion

     Milk is a complex biological fluid and by its nature, a good growth medium for many microorganisms,
    containing several nutrients.

     The global production of milk production, per capita energy intake from dairy products is fluctuating
    in the developing countries whereas somehow stable in the developed countries.

     Temperature has a significant affect on milk production.

     In Nepal milk and milk product production is very low compared to other countries. Also major region
    of milk production is tropical and sub tropical climatic region thus it is greatly affected by temperature
    and climate.
    THANK YOU

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