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    Geodesy: Spherical Triangle

    Uploaded by

    Rhea Lyn Cayobit
    This document defines key terms and concepts related to spherical trigonometry and geodesy. It describes the PZS spherical triangle formed by the north celestial pole (P), zenith (Z), and star (S). It defines angles like zenith distance, polar distance, and co-latitude. It explains how to solve for the true azimuth (Z) of a celestial body using spherical trigonometry formulas. It provides an example problem solving for the true azimuth of a star and then the azimuth of a line AB based on an observed angle to the star.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Geodesy: Spherical Triangle

    Uploaded by

    Rhea Lyn Cayobit
    46 views14 pages
    This document defines key terms and concepts related to spherical trigonometry and geodesy. It describes the PZS spherical triangle formed by the north celestial pole (P), zenith (Z), and star (S). It defines angles like zenith distance, polar distance, and co-latitude. It explains how to solve for the true azimuth (Z) of a celestial body using spherical trigonometry formulas. It provides an example problem solving for the true azimuth of a star and then the azimuth of a line AB based on an observed angle to the star.

    Original Title

    GEODESY_13_CELESTIAL SPHERE-R2

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    This document defines key terms and concepts related to spherical trigonometry and geodesy. It describes the PZS spherical triangle formed by the north celestial pole (P), zenith (Z), and star (S). It defines angles like zenith distance, polar distance, and co-latitude. It explains how to solve for the true azimuth (Z) of a celestial body using spherical trigonometry formulas. It provides an example problem solving for the true azimuth of a star and then the azimuth of a line AB based on an observed angle to the star.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    46 views14 pages

    Geodesy: Spherical Triangle

    Uploaded by

    Rhea Lyn Cayobit
    This document defines key terms and concepts related to spherical trigonometry and geodesy. It describes the PZS spherical triangle formed by the north celestial pole (P), zenith (Z), and star (S). It defines angles like zenith distance, polar distance, and co-latitude. It explains how to solve for the true azimuth (Z) of a celestial body using spherical trigonometry formulas. It provides an example problem solving for the true azimuth of a star and then the azimuth of a line AB based on an observed angle to the star.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    GEODESY

    SPHERICAL TRIANGLE
    ZENITH
    Z (Z) Z y
    CO - LATITUDE (y)

    z
    ZENITH DISTANCE (z)
    t
    P
    p
    POLAR DISTANCE (p)
    POLEP( P )

    STAR
    S(S)
    LOOKING FROM THE NORTH POLE...
    LOCAL HOUR ANGLE
    SIDEREAL HOUR ANGLE
    GREENWICH HOUR ANGLE

    AN
    DI
    LONGITUDE OF THE PLACE

    RI
    ME
    RIGHT ASCENSION

    CHI
    NW
    EE
    GR

    If the star is east of the observer’s


    UPPER BRANCH meridian,

    t = 360 - LHA

    If the star is west of the observer’s


    meridian,

    t = LHA
    DEFINITIONS…
    P – North Celestial Pole
    Z – Zenith
    S – Star (celestial body)

    z – Zenith Distance ( 90 – altitude)


    p – Polar Distance ( 90 – declination)
    y – Co-latitude ( 90 – latitude)

    t – meridian angle
    Z – true azimuth of the celestial body
    S – parallactic angle (a not-so-very-important angle)
    In surveying, the PZS Triangle is solved in
    connection with determinations of azimuth (Z)
    and the solution involves spherical
    trigonometry.
    SOLVING FOR Z
    Azimuth of a Celestial Body
    When the body is EAST of the observer’s meridian:
    NORTH

    Z is clockwise from North and the


    azimuth is equal to 180 + Z
    Z
    If cos Z is positive, Z is 0 < 90

    If cos Z is negative, Z is 90 < 180


    Azimuth of a Celestial Body
    When the body is WEST of the observer’s meridian:
    NORTH

    Z is counter clockwise from North


    and the azimuth is equal to 180 - Z
    Z
    If cos Z is positive, Z is 0 < 90

    If cos Z is negative, Z is 90 < 180


    SOLVING FOR t

    t is the hour angle before or after culmination


    Problem 1
    A stellar observation was made to determine the
    azimuth of a line AB by observing an altitude of a star
    to be 29-11-36 (star bearing to the east). The latitude of
    the place of observation P1 was found to be 13-48-27
    and the declination of the star at the instant of
    observation was -03-14-49.

    a.) Determine the true azimuth of the star.


    b.) If an angle of 67-18-37 was measured from B to
    the star, determine the azimuth of line AB
    SOLUTION
    d = -03-14-49
     = 13-48-27
    h = 29-11-36
    SOLUTION

    cos Z = sin (-03-14-49) – sin(13-48-27)sin (29-11-36)


    cos(13-48-27)cos (29-11-36)

    cos Z = -0.2041258371

    Z= 101.7783312
    Z= 101-46-41.99
    Az of the star = 180 + 101-46-41.99
    = 281-46-41.99
    NORTH
    B

    Z 67-18-37

    Az of Line AB = Azimuth of the star – 67-18-37


    = 281-46-41.99 – 67-18-37
    = 214-28-4.99

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