ME 221 Statics

Summer 2004

Mr. Hinds
3523 EB
hinds@msu.edu
 Administrative Details
• Syllabus will be posted on the web
– www.angel.msu.edu (Angel)
• Lecture attendance
– Web will be used for announcements but not all important
announcements given in class may be posted on the web

– Bring books to class for example problems

• Sample problems will be an integral part of lecture

ME221 Lecture 1 2
 Administrative Details cont.
• Exams
– Dates set and given on syllabus
– Format
• closed book, closed notes, calculator

– Excused absences: See syllabus

– Philosophy
• Most problems like HW; some problems conceptually
same as HW but somewhat different

ME221 Lecture 1 3
 Administrative Details cont.
• Homework & quizzes
– solutions will be posted
– all or partial problems will be graded
– lecture quizzes used as “scrimmages”
• quizzes in the last 10-15 minutes of lecture
• similar to assigned homework
• generally announced - some unannounced

ME221 Lecture 1 4
 Announcements
• HW#1 Due on Friday, May 21
Chapter 1 - 1.1, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 1.7
Chapter 2 – 2.1, 2.2, 2.11, 2.15, 2.21

• Quiz #1 on Friday, May 21

ME221 Lecture 1 5
 Announcements
• ME221 TA’s and Help Sessions
• Chad Stimson – stimson1@msu.edu
• Homework grading & help room
• Tuesdays & Thursdays – 8am to 1pm – 1522EB
• Jimmy Issa – jimmy@msu.edu
• Quiz & exam grading & help room
• Tuesdays & Thursdays – 1pm to 5pm – 2415EB
• Will begin on Tuesday, May 18
• Hours also posted on Angel
ME221 Lecture 1 6
 Administrative Details cont.
Questions??

ME221 Lecture 1 7
 Problem Solving Strategy
1 - Modeling of physical problem (free body diagram)
2 - Expressing the governing physical laws in
mathematical form
3 - Solving the governing equations

4 - Interpretation of the results

ME221 Lecture 1 8
 Mechanics Reform
• Textbook offers a departure from past standards
– recognizes the power of computer software in solving
problems
• MatLab, MathCAD, Maple, Mathmatica, VB, etc.
• calculators may be effectively utilized as well

– before using the software, the problem must be

properly posed
• posing the problem will be emphasized in this class

ME221 Lecture 1 9
 Mechanics Reform cont.
• Software helps us with:
• trigonometry
• units conversion
• systems of equations
• iterative processes for design problems

• Software does not help with:

• envisioning the physical system
• applying the proper laws of physics

ME221 Lecture 1 10
 Mechanics
• Broadly defined as the study of bodies that
are acted upon by forces.
• Types of bodies
– particles (considered rigid bodies)
– rigid bodies - relative distance between any two
points remains constant throughout motion
– deformable bodies
– fluids

ME221 Lecture 1 11
 Mechanics Overview
Statics Rigid Static

Mech Matl Deformable Static

Dynamics Rigid Dynamic

Fluid Dyn Deformable Dynamic

ME221 Lecture 1 12
 And now ...

Statics
ME221 Lecture 1 13
 Chapter 1: Measurement
•Newton’s Laws of Motion
•Space and Events
•Vectors and Scalars
•SI Units (Metric)
•U.S. Customary Units
•Unit Conversion
•Scientific Notation
•Significant Figures
ME221 Lecture 1 14
 Basics: Newton’s Laws
• Every body or particle continues in a state of rest or of
uniform motion in a straight line, unless it is compelled
to change that state by forces acting upon it (1st Law).
(Law of Inertia)

• The change of motion of a body is proportional to the

net force imposed on the body and is in the direction of
the net force (2nd Law).
F=ma

• If one body exerts a force on a second body, then the

second body exerts a force on the first that is equal in
magnitude, opposite in direction, and collinear (3rd Law).
ME221 Lecture 1 15
 Basics
• Space -- we need to know the position of particles

y mi

x
z

• Event -- position at a given time

ME221 Lecture 1 16
 Basics cont.
• –Two broad
scalars have quantities
no direction associated with them
• e.g., temperature, mass, speed, angle

– vectors must have direction specified

• e.g., velocity, force, acceleration
• Mass -- a scalar that characterizes a body’s
resistance to motion
• Force -- (vector) the action of one body on
another through contact or acting at a distance

ME221 Lecture 1 17
International System of Units:The SI system
Length meters m

Time seconds s

Mass kilogram kg

Force Newton N 1 kg m/s2

See table 1-1 for prefixes

Compound units
Remember: Speed = distance/time
so in SI units, speed is measured in m/s

ME221 Lecture 1 18
 U.S. Customary Units
Length foot ft

Time seconds s

Mass slug slug

Force pound lb slug ft/s2

*Remember: W= mg

where g = 32.17 ft/s2

ME221 Lecture 1 19
 Numerical Answers
• Significant figures
– Use 3 significant digits
– If first digit is 1, then use next 3

• Rounding off the last significant digit

– less than 5: all digits after it are dropped
– equal 5: then all digits after it are dropped
– greater than 5 or equal 5 followed by a nonzero digit:
round up

ME221 Lecture 1 20
 Vectors; Vector Addition
• Define scalars and vectors
• Vector addition, scalar multiplication
• 2-D trigonometry
• Vector components
• Law of cosines
• Law of sines
• Problems

ME221 Lecture 1 21
 Scalars and Vectors
• Scalar is a quantity that is represented by a
single number
– examples: mass, temperature, angle
• Vectors have both magnitude and direction
– Examples: velocity, acceleration, force
– Acceleration due to gravity is down not up!

ME221 Lecture 1 22
 VECTORS

Line of Action

Magnitude
y
Vector
A or A

 Direction
x

ME221 Lecture 1 23
 Vectors
• Vectors are equal when they have the same
magnitude and direction
A B
=

• Vectors add by the parallelogram rule

B
A A
+ B = C

ME221 Lecture 1 24
 More on Vectors
• Vectors are communative
A+B=B+A B
A
A
C
B
• Vectors are associative
(A + B) + C = A + (B + C)

ME221 Lecture 1 25
 Subtraction of Vectors
In order to subtract vectors, first we must understand that if we
multiply a vector by (-1) we get a vector equal in length but exactly
opposite in direction.

A -A

Then we see that B - A = B + (-A)

B
A
So if we have D = B - A
D
This looks like this:
-A

ME221 Lecture 1 26
 Adding More Than Two Vectors

B
A A
A+B C

B

D
C

D = A+B+C

ME221 Lecture 1 27
 Law of Cosines
This will be used often in balancing forces

      1802 
2
ab22  ba22

b
a
 

c a
c

ME221 Lecture 1 28
 Law of Sines
Again, used throughout this and other classes
Start with the same triangle:


b
a

ME221

c


Lecture 1
a 29
 Example
Determine by trigonometry the
magnitude and direction of the
resultant of the two forces shown

Note: resultant of two

25o 45o forces is the vectorial
300 lb
200 lb sum of the two vectors

ME221 Lecture 1 30