WORK

What is WORK?

Work done on an object is defined as the product of the

magnitude of the displacement multiplied by the component of
the force parallel to the displacement.

It can be calculated using the formula:

W=Fd
W=Fθd
 Visual
Vocabulary
 Visual
Vocabulary
 Visual
Vocabulary
Distance vs Displacement
Sample Problem:
1) Jeff is initially at position A. He walks 15 steps
forward to point B. Then he walks 5 steps backward to
C and walks 10 steps back to his original position.
Visual Vocabulary:

A B

Distance :

Displacement:
Distance vs Displacement
Sample Problem:
2) A postman walks around a building to deliver the
mails. The postman walks 150 m to the North, 200
m to the east and 150 m to the south.
a) what is the total distance traveled?
b) what is the total displacement?

BUILDING

Distance :
Displacement:
WORK
What is WORK?

Work done on an object is defined as the product of the

magnitude of the displacement multiplied by the component of
the force parallel to the displacement.

It can be calculated using the formula:

W=Fd
W = F d cosθ
HOW DO WE KNOW IF WORK IS DONE?

• There must be a force acting on the object

• The object has to move a certain distance called displacement

• There must be a component of the force in the direction of the

motion
Is there WORK?
A boy pushing a wall

F F
Is there WORK?

A mother pushes a cart at 30 o with respect to the ground.

d F
Is there WORK?
A porter carrying a sack of rice on his shoulder walks
forward.

d
Is there WORK?
A boy pushing a box along a ramp
Is there WORK?
A woman carrying a chair moving forward

d
Is there WORK?
A mother lifting a baby from the crib

d F
Try This. Is there WORK?
Waiter who carried a tray full of meals above his head by one arm straight
across the room at constant speed
.
Try This. Is there WORK?
A bodybuilder lifting barbell.
Try This. Is there WORK?
A walking athlete with a bag .
Try This. Is there WORK?
A boy is reading a book while walking.
Try This. Is there WORK?
Daffy Duck leaning on a wall.
Look at the picture below.
Is there a difference?
Scenario A
A force acts rightward upon an object as it is displaced
rightward. In such an instance, the force vector and the
displacement vector are in the same direction.

d F

+ Work = F is parallel to distance in the same direction

Scenario B
A force acts leftward upon an object that is displaced
rightward. In such an instance, the force vector and the
displacement vector are in the opposite direction.

d F

- Work = F is parallel to distance in the opposite direction

Remember This

F Fy

Fx
WORK to LIVE
not
LIVE to WORK
Sample Problem
1. How much work was done when you lift your 10 newton
school bag from the ground floor to the second floor of
your school building which is 6 m high ?
Sample Problem
2. A boy exerts 25 N lifting a box from the floor to a shelf
0.002 km above. How much work was done by the boy on
the box?
Sample Problem
3. Coming from a school, Elmer pushes the gate of their
house by exerting a force of 25 N. The gate moves forward
by 2500 cm. How much work did Elmer do?
Sample Problem
4. A car of mass 900 000 g accelerates at 3 m/s 2 from rest.
How much work is done after it has travelled 100 meters?
Sample Problem.
How much work is done on the box?
Sample Problem.
How much work is done on the box ?
Sample Problem
How much is done on the box?
Diagram A Answer:

W = (100 N) * (5 m)* cos(0 degrees) = 500 J

The force and the displacement are given in the problem statement. It is said (or shown or implied)
that the force and the displacement are both rightward. Since F and d are in the same direction,the
angle is 0 degrees.

Diagram B Answer:

W = (100 N) * (5 m) * cos(30 degrees) = 433 J

The force and the displacement are given in theproblem statement. It is said that the displacement is
rightward. It is shown that the force is 30 degrees above the horizontal. Thus, the angle between F
and d is 30 degrees.

Diagram C Answer:

W = (147 N) * (5 m) * cos(0 degrees) = 735 J

The displacement is given in the problem statement. The applied force must be 147 N since the 15-
kg mass (Fgrav=147 N) is lifted at constant speed. Since F and d are in the same direction, the angle
is 0 degrees.
Sample Problem
5. A porter pulls a 10000-g luggage along a level road for
0.005 km by exerting a force of 20 N at an angle of 30 o with
the horizontal shoulder through a vertical distance of 0.0015
km and carries it for another 0.005 km. How much work
does he do in;

a) pulling the luggage

b) lifting the luggage
c) carrying the luggage on his shoulder
Sample Problem
6. A boy weighing 150 N runs (a) up and (b) down a flight
of stairs. The vertical distance between the floors is 5.5
m. How much work is done by gravity?
Sample Problem
7. Richardson pulls a toy 300 cm across the floor by a
string, applying a force of 0.50 N. During the first meter,
the string is parallel to the floor. In the next two meters,
the string makes an angle of 30 o with the horizontal
direction.
a) What is the total amount of work done by
Richardson on the toy ?
b) What is the work done on the toy when lifted up
at a distance of 0.0025 km across the floor with the
same amount of force?
Sample Problem
8. A 20 kg traveler’s bag is being pulled along the floor
by a tourist with a force of 50 N at a horizontal distance
of 0.025 km. The force is applied on the handle that
forms an angle of 30 o with the horizontal.

a) Neglecting friction, what is the

acceleration of the bag?
b) How much force is exerted by
the floor on the bag if friction is neglected?
c) How much work is done on the bag?
POWER
WHAT DO YOU
KNOW ABOUT
POWER ?
What is POWER?

POWER

is the rate of doing work per unit of time

Let us try this !
Two physics students, Shi Mang Ngot and Beau
Ngis Ngis are in the weightlifting room. Shi lifts the
100-pound barbell over his head 10 times in one
minute; Beau lifts the 100-pound barbell over his
head 10 times in 10 seconds.

a) Which student does more work?

b) Which student delivers more power? Explain
your answers.
Let us try this !
During a physics lab, Jack and Jill ran up a hill.
Jack is twice as massive as Jill; yet Jill ascends the
same distance in half the time.

a)Who delivered more power?

b)Who did more work?
Sample Problem

1. Dan climbs a flight of stairs in 1.5 min. If he

weighs 450 N and the stairs is 10 m from the
ground, how much power will he develop?
Sample Problem

2. A tired squirrel (mass of approximately 1 kg)

does push-ups by applying a force to elevate its
center-of-mass by 5 cm in order to do a mere
0.50 Joule of work. If the tired squirrel does all
this work in 2 seconds, then determine its
power.
Sample Problem

3. When doing a chin-up, a physics student

lifts her 42.0-kg body a distance of 0.25 meters
in 2 seconds. What is the power delivered by
the student's biceps?
Sample Problem

4. A crane lifts a 1 800 000-g load of scrap

metals to a distance of 1500 cm in 0.0056 h.
How much power is used in delivering the
load?
Sample Problem

5. An escalator is used to move 20 passengers

every minute from the first floor of a department
store to the second. The second floor is located
5.20 meters above the first floor. The average
passenger's mass is 54.9 kg. Determine the
power requirement of the escalator in order to
move this number of passengers in this amount
of time.
Sample Problem

6. A weightlifter raises a barbell of mass 100 kg

from the floor to over his head (2.5 m) in 2 s.
What is his average power input? Express horse
power and watt.
Sample Problem

7. How much power is developed by a jumbo jet

that cruises at 250 m/s when the thrust of its
engine is 100 000 N? Express your answer in
kW.
Sample Problem

8. If an extreme ride at Disneyworld goes from

rest to 27 m/s in 2.8 seconds and the mass of
the ride and riders together is 5000 kg. What is
the average power required to do this?
Express your answer in Watts and horse
power.
Sample Problem

9. A tow truck exerts a force to remove a 1300

kg car stalled in a muddy road.

a) What is the power of the truck if it

moves the car to a distance of 5m in 15
s?
b) The coefficient of friction between the
car tires and the road is 0.55. Assume
that the acceleration of the car is 1
m/s 2 .
Sample Problem

10. A crate is pushed up a ramp at an angle of

300 by a 300 N force. How much power is spent
in raising the crate to a height of 0.98 m in 15
s. Assume that the coefficient of friction
between the surfaces of the crate and the ramp
is 0.30 and the crate moves up the ramp at
constant speed.
QUIZ

1. The extreme ride at Enchanted Kingdom

goes from rest to 29 km/h in 10.8 s and
the mass of the ride and riders together is
50 000 g. Calculate its power. Express your
answer in
a) kW and
b) horse power.
Deepening Activity

Make a 3-2-1 summary

3 things you like about the lesson

2 things which are not clear to you
1 question you have in mind
Review

Work When is work

done ?
What factors
affect Power
POWER? How?
Post Lab Activity

Identifying Variables:

•MV
- fast run and regular run
•RV
- time, work, power
•CV
- mass, acceleration due to gravity
Big Ideas

• When you run up fast or slow a flight of

stairs, same work is exerted.

• Power is inversely proportional to time.

• Work and power are related to each other.

Case Analysis

Two janitors are assigned to mop the floor

in your science laboratory. Janitor 1 works
early in the morning before the class starts
while janitor 2 does the work after your class

•Is the amount of work done by janitor 1 the

same as the work done by janitor 2? Explain
Deepening Activity

“With

great POWER
comes
great RESPONSIBILITY”
Deepening Activity

Make a 3-2-1 summary

3 things you like about the lesson

2 things which are not clear to you
1 question you have in mind
ENERGY
What is ENERGY?

ENERGY

•is defined as the measure of the ability or capacity

to do work

•is measured in joules (J)

FORMS of ENERGY

Chemical Energy
is the energy stored in the molecules of matter.
•is released when a chemical change occurs as a
result of a chemical reaction.

Examples:
fuels (gasoline, coal, and petroleum), dry
cells, storage batteries
FORMS of ENERGY

Atomic Energy
•is also known as nuclear energy
•is produced through nuclear fission and fusion

a) Nuclear Fission
•Splitting of a nucleus into fragments of
approximately equal mass resulting to formation
of some lighter atoms along with the release of
energy and neutrons
FORMS of ENERGY

b) Nuclear Fusion
•a process that takes place only at extremely high
temperatures where the combining of light nuclei
happens to form a heavier nucleus
FORMS of ENERGY

Electrical Energy
•is the energy due to the flow of negatively charged
particles of atoms called electrons in conductors
FORMS of ENERGY

Electromagnetic Energy

•is the energy resulting from the movement of

electrons and other charged particles producing
electrons and magnetic fields.

•can be measured when energy wave carriers like

radio waves, microwaves and x ray are converted
to another form such as thermal, electrical,
mechanical and chemical energy.
FORMS of ENERGY

Mechanical Energy

•is the energy associated with the motion, thus,

inherent in moving objects
TYPES of ENERGY

Potential Energy

•is the energy stored in an object by virtue of

position

Kinetic Energy

•is the energy of a body in motion

Law of Conservation of Energy

“ Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it

can only be transformed from one form to another “

Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy

“ The sum of the kinetic energy and potential

energy in a conservative system is constant and
equal to the total mechanical energy of the system”
Sample Problems
Let us try this !

A 0.5 kg pendulum is 1 meter above the

ground. Determine the KE and PE at

a) 0.75 m
b) 0.40 m
Sample Problem

1. A ball with a mass of 10.0 kg is moved from

the floor to a table with a height of 0.50 m. What
is the potential energy of the ball after it was
transferred to the table?
Sample Problem

2. A cart loaded with rocks and pulled at

constant speed along an inclined plane to the
height of a seat top. If the mass of the loaded
cart is 5000 g and the height is 35 cm, what is
the PE of the loaded cart at the height of the seat
top?
Sample Problem

2. A cart loaded with rocks and pulled at

constant speed along an inclined plane to the
height of a seat top. If the mass of the loaded
cart is 5000 g and the height is 35 cm, what is
the PE of the loaded cart at the height of the seat
top?
Sample Problem

3. A 25000-g child climbs a 3000-km high tree.

What is the child’s PE atop the tree?
Sample Problem

4. Determine the KE of a 1500 kg roller coaster

car that is moving with a speed of 25.0 m/s.
Sample Problem

5. What is the KE of a 9500-g man if he is

walking at a speed of 1.5 km/h?
Sample Problem

6. A platform driver has a kinetic energy of 17

000 J just prior to hitting the pool. If the driver’s
mass is 45000 g, what is his speed before
hitting the pool?
Sample Problem

7. Determine the mass in g of a bowling ball

that rolls at a speed of 5.5 m/s if the kinetic
energy is 93.77 J.
Sample Problem

8. How much is the potential energy possessed

by a piece of rock which is located at 15 m
above the foot of the hill (reference level).
During a rock slide these 500-newton rock starts
to roll down. After 1.2 s, compare the PE and
KE of the rock when it is on top of the hill and
10 m above the foot of the hill. What is the KE
and PE as it touches the foot of the hill.
Sample Problem

9. A 50-kg box falls from a bridge and lands in

the water 2000 cm below. Find its
a) initial PE
b) maximum KE
c) KE and PE 15 m above the water
d) velocity upon reaching the water